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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
ABBREVIATION :
CORSEM
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
COSE5
COMMON NAMES :
pink corydalis
pale corydalis
rock-harlequin
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of pink corydalis is Corydalis
sempervirens (L.) Pers. [10,11].
LIFE FORM :
Forb
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
Pink corydalis is rare in northwestern Montana. A disjunct population
occurs in Glacier National Park [27].
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Tara Y. Williams, May 1990
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Williams, T. Y. 1990. Corydalis sempervirens. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Pink corydalis occurs in Alaska, throughout Canada, in the Pacific
Northwest, northern Rockies, north-central Midwest, the Northeast, and
Southeast. It is distributed from Alaska south to British Columbia and
east to the Atlantic Coast extending from Newfoundland to Georgia. In
the western United States, it is found only in Glacier National Park
[15].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES23 Fir - spruce
STATES :
AK GA KY MD ME MI MN MT NJ NC
VA AB BC NF NT ON
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
ACAD APIS BLRI CATO CUGA DENA
GLAC GRSM ISRO LACL SHEN SLBE
VOYA YUCH
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas fir forest
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
SAF COVER TYPES :
1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
13 Black spruce - tamarack
16 Aspen
17 Pin cherry
18 Paper birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
107 White spruce
202 White spruce - paper birch
204 Black spruce
251 White spruce - aspen
253 Black spruce - white spruce
254 Black spruce - paper birch
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Pink corydalis grows most commonly on dry soils of disturbed sites,
frequently after fire.
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
NO-ENTRY
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
Pink corydalis has a high nutrient content because it rapidly takes up
nutrients in the soil that are made available following a fire [23].
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
Pink corydalis has potential for use in rehabilitation of disturbed
sites. It grows well on disturbed sites and provides erosion
protection, yet it is not competitive, thus allowing natural succession
to proceed. Germination characteristics and requirements have not been
tested in this species [26], but it is likely that the seeds would
require a heat treatment before seeding [1,18]. Cushwa, Martin, and
Miller [27] found that seeds with fire-enhanced germination would show
excellent germination results (75% after 3 days and more than 95%
cumulative) after being heated at 176 degrees F (80 degrees C) in an
atmosphere saturated with water vapor. Mechanical scarification also
increased the germination rate.
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Pink corydalis has a disjunct population in Glacier National Park.
Additional populations may be discovered on recently burned areas.
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Pink corydalis is a native, bienniel or annual forb. The flowers are
pink and yellow-tipped, perfect, and sympetalous with a single spur
[10]. It grows 8 to 30 inches (20-80 cm) tall, and the leaves are 0.1
to 0.2 inch (2.5-5 mm) wide [11].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Phanerophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Pink corydalis reproduces sexually. It will flower in either the first
or second year. It is pollinated by wind or ants [12]. The fruit is a
simple, dry, dehiscent capsule with 25 seeds [10]. There is evidence
that the seeds require heat before germination [1,18].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Pink corydalis grows in boreal forests and occurs almost exclusively on
disturbed areas [1]. It grows best in full light [20]. Pink corydalis
grows in dry, gravelly soil and in open to thin woods from low to fairly
high elevations [14,22]. It has been reported in climates with cold
winters and cool summers (mean January temperatures of -15 to 18 degrees
F [-26 to -8 C] and mean July temperatures of 63 to 66 degrees F [17-19
deg C]) [1,12,17].
Pink corydalis often occurs in communities with the following overstory
dominants: black spruce (Picea mariana), aspen (Populus tremuloides),
paper birch (Betula papyrifera), white spruce (Picea glauca), jack pine
(Pinus banksia), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), or tamarack (Larix
laricina). Pink corydalis is most often found associated with other
postfire pioneers such as cranesbill (Geranium bicknellii), fireweed
(Epilobium angustifolium), bindweed (Polygonum cilinode), moosebrush
(Viburnum edule), and some sedges (Carex spp.)
[4,6,8,12,13,17,20,21,23,25].
In Glacier National Park, pink corydalis is found at Lake McDonald,
along Sperry Glacier Trail, at Many Glacier, Sun Camp, Mt. Altyn, and
along the west side of the Waterton River one-half mile south of
Waterton Lake [15].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Obligate Initial Community Species
Pink corydalis is a pioneer species in secondary succession,
particularly after fires; it is generally present for 3 to 6 years
following fire [1,6,13]. It develops best in full light and is
characterized by rapid invasion and growth [28].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Vegetative growth occurs from May through August [11]. Flowering occurs
in July in Montana [15].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Pink corydalis is favored by fire. Its long-lived, fire-resistant seeds
are stored in the soil seed bank, and germinate following fire
[1,2,6,8,12,13,18,23,24]. Viable seed was found in an 80-year-old
spruce-pine stand in Alberta [8]. The plant grows quickly and rapidly
takes up nutrients made available after fire [23].
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer - on-site seed
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Fire generally kills pink corydalis.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Pink corydalis frequently invades recently burned areas [28]. Seeds
stored in the soil often germinate following fire [1,4,21,24,25]. Pink
corydalis biomass generally peaks the second growing season after fire
[23,25].
The species is generally not found in areas that have not been recently
burned, although seed may be present in the soil [2,13]. Pink corydalis
has been reported to increase in lightly, moderately, and heavily burned
areas [6,25]. In one case, it grew better after a summer fire (on a
warm, dry forest floor) than after a spring fire (on a cool, wet floor)
[17]. In another case, seedlings of pink corydalis and of Carolina
geranium (Geranium carolinianum) emerged soon after a severe fire in the
Appalachian Mountains of New Jersey and were well established 1 year
later [29].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Pink corydalis requires fire to thrive. Since the species declines 3 to
5 years after a fire, it is likely to become uncommon in areas where
fires are suppressed. Controlled burning in areas where this species
was formerly present would likely cause it to increase if viable seed
were still present in the soil. Recently burned areas may be monitored
for this species to determine whether the potential for viable
populations remains.
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Corydalis sempervirens | Pink Corydalis
REFERENCES :
1. Abrams, Marc D.; Dickmann, Donald I. 1982. Early revegetation of
clear-cut and burned jack pine sites in northern lower Michigan.
Canadian Journal of Botany. 60: 946-954. [7238]
2. Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1979. Buried seed in the forest floor of the
Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Minnesota Forestry Research Note No. 271.
St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry. 4 p. [3459]
3. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
4. Croskery, P. R.; Lee, P. F. 1981. Preliminary investigations of
regeneration patterns following wildfire in the boreal forest of
northwestern Ontario. Alces. 17: 229-256. [7888]
5. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
6. Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; Van Cleve, K. 1986. Fire in taiga
communities of interior Alaska. In: Forest ecosystems in the Alaskan
taiga. New York: Springer-Verlag: 74-86. [3881]
7. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
8. Fyles, James W. 1989. Seed bank populations in upland coniferous forests
in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 67: 274-278. [6388]
9. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
10. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific
Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
11. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1964. Vascular plants of the
Pacific Northwest. Part 2: Salicaceae to Saxifragaceae. Seattle, WA:
University of Washington Press. 597 p. [1166]
12. Johnson, E. A. 1975. Buried seed populations in the subarctic forest
east of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of
Botany. 53: 2933-2941. [6466]
13. Krefting, Laurits W.; Ahlgren, Clifford E. 1974. Small mammals and
vegetation changes after fire in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest.
Ecology. 55: 1391-1398. [9874]
14. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
15. Lesica, Peter. 1984. Rare vascular plants of Glacier National Park,
Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Department of Botany. 27
p. [12049]
16. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
17. Ohmann, Lewis F.; Grigal, David F. 1981. Contrasting vegetation
responses following two forest fires in northeastern Minnesota. American
Midland Naturalist. 106(1): 54-64. [8285]
18. Parminter, John. 1983. Fire-ecological relationships for the
biogeoclimatic zones and subzones of the Fort Nelson Timber Supply Area:
summary report. In: Northern Fire Ecology Project: Fort Nelson Timber
Supply Area. Victoria, BC: Province of British Columbia, Ministry of
Forests. 53 p. [9203]
19. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
20. Rowe, J. S.; Scotter, G. W. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quaternary
Research. 3: 444-464. [72]
21. Gilley, Susan. 1982. The non-game update: the Delmarva fox squirrel;
making a comeback?. Virginia Wildlife. 43(12): 24-25. [3463]
22. Standley, Paul C. 1921. Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana.
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 22, Part
5. Washington, DC: United States National Museum, Smithsonian
Institution: 235-438. [12318]
23. Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T. 1988. Vegetation
productivity and soil fertility in post-fire secondary succession in
Interior Alaska. In: Slaughter, Charles W.; Gasbarro, Tony. Proceedings
of the Alaska forest soil productivity workshop; 1987 April 28-30;
Anchorage, AK. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-219. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Station;
Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, School of Agriculture and Land
Resources Management: 101-102. [5582]
24. Viereck, Leslie A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quaternary
Research. 3: 465-495. [7247]
25. Viereck, L. A.; Dyrness, C. T. 1979. Ecological effects of the
Wickersham Dome Fire near Fairbanks, Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-90.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 71 p. [6392]
26. Viereck, Leslie A.; Schandelmeier, Linda A. 1980. Effects of fire in
Alaska and adjacent Canada--a literature review. BLM-Alaska Tech. Rep.
6. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land
Mangement, Alaska State Office. 124 p. [7075]
27. Cushwa, Charles T.; Martin, Robert E.; Miller, Robert L. 1968. The
effects of fire on seed germination. Journal of Range Management. 21:
250-254. [11494]
28. Scotter, George W. 1972. Fire as an ecological factor in boreal forest
ecosystems of Canada. In: Fire in the environment: Symposium
proceedings; 1972 May 1-5; Denver, CO. FS-276. [Ogden, UT]: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, [Intermountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station]: 15-25. [13404]
29. Torrey, Raymond H. 1932. Marchantia polymorpha after forest fires.
Torreyana. 32: 9-10. [14072]
30. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey. [n.d.]. NP
Flora [Data base]. Davis, CA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National
Biological Survey. [23119]
31. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
32. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey. [n.d.]. NP
Flora [Data base]. Davis, CA: U.S. Department of the Interior, National
Biological Survey. [23119]
Index
Related categories for Species: Corydalis sempervirens
| Pink Corydalis
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