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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
ABBREVIATION :
DIELON
SYNONYMS :
Diervilla diervilla (L.) MacM.
SCS PLANT CODE :
DILO
COMMON NAMES :
bush-honeysuckle
dwarf bush-honeysuckle
herbe bleue
TAXONOMY :
The accepted scientific name for bush-honeysuckle is Diervilla lonicera
Mill. It is a member of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). There
are no accepted subspecies. A variety with hairy leaf undersides occurs
in Ontario, northern Wisconsin, and northern Minnesota: D. l. var.
hypomalaca Fern. [13,15].
Bush-honeysuckle is closely related to southern bush-honeysuckle (D.
sessifolia), from which it may not be specifically distinct [36].
LIFE FORM :
Shrub
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Janet Sullivan, June 1993
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Sullivan, Janet. 1993. Diervilla lonicera. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Bush-honeysuckle occurs from Newfoundland west to Saskatchewan; south to
Nova Scotia, New England, Delaware; and in the mountains to Virginia,
North Carolina, and Tennessee; and west to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and
Iowa [13,15,36].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
STATES :
CT DE IL IN IA KY ME MD MA MI
MN NH NJ NY NC OH PA RI TN VT
VA WV WI MB NB NF NS ON PE PQ
SK
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
ACAD ALPO APIS BLRI CATO DEWA
INDU ISRO MANA PIRO SHEN SLBE
VOYA
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
NO-ENTRY
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
K110 Northeastern oak - pine forest
SAF COVER TYPES :
1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
12 Black spruce
14 Northern pin oak
15 Red pine
16 Aspen
17 Pin cherry
18 Paper birch
20 White pine - northern red oak - red maple
22 White pine - hemlock
23 Eastern hemlock
24 Hemlock - yellow birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
26 Sugar maple - basswood
27 Sugar maple
37 Northern white-cedar
39 Black ash - American elm - red maple
51 White pine - chestnut oak
52 White oak - black oak - northern red oak
55 Northern red oak
59 Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
60 Beech - sugar maple
107 White spruce
108 Red maple
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Bush-honeysuckle is not named as an understory dominant or indicator in
published classifications. It is found in a variety of cover types and
has a number of plant associates. The most widely distributed shrub
associates of bush-honeysuckle include beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta),
alternate-leaf dogwood (Cornus alternifolia), speckled alder (Alnus
rugosa), American green alder (A. viridis ssp. crispa), checkerberry
wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.).
Herbaceous associates include wild lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum
canadense), bigleaf aster (Aster macrophyllus), and wild sarsaparilla
(Aralia nudicaulis). Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinium) is often
associated with bush-honeysuckle in the understory of some cover types;
bush-honeysuckle is also found on bracken fern-dominated grasslands in
northeastern Wisconsin [23,27,35,42,48].
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
Bush-honeysuckle provides winter browse for moose, and winter and summer
browse for white-tailed deer [18]. Leaves and twigs are eaten by
woodland caribou, but bush-honeysuckle is not an important component of
the woodland caribou diet [10].
Sharp-tailed grouse consume the vegetative buds. Bush-honeysuckle
provides brood cover for sharp-tailed grouse in Wisconsin [16].
PALATABILITY :
Bush-honeysuckle is preferred by white-tailed deer in late summer [18].
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Seed-tree cuts or clearcuts in red pine (Pinus resinosa) communities
often result in a dense growth of shrubs, including bush-honeysuckle.
Bush-honeysuckle increased in density following logging in a balsam fir
(Abies balsamea)-paper birch (Betula papyrifera) stand near Duluth,
Minnesota [34]. Leaving more of the canopy when logging reduces the
amount of shrub growth [12].
Bush-honeysuckle competes with lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium
angustifolium) after fire-pruning of lowbush blueberry fields [17].
Bush-honeysuckle is susceptible to foliar sprays of 2,4-D [6].
Bush-honeysuckle is probably resistant to browsing; on Isle Royale,
Michigan, it was found in higher densities in control plots than in
moose exclosures [38].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Bush-honeysuckle is a native, deciduous small shrub that usually grows
from 2 to 4 feet (0.6-1.2 m) tall [15]. The branches run close to the
ground, ascending slightly. The fruit is a dry, woody, dehiscent
capsule [8].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Chamaephyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Asexual: Bush-honeysuckle reproduces from rhizomes, forming
widely-scattered clumps or patches [3,40,44].
Sexual: Bush-honeysuckle is insect pollinated. Its most important
pollinators in Michigan are bumblebees. It is self-incompatible;
successful seed set requires pollination by insects that have travelled
from another clonal patch, which is usually some distance away [40,44].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Bush-honeysuckle is common on exposed, rocky sites and on dry to mesic,
well-drained soils [15,22]. In northern Michigan, it is found in open,
sandy thickets, woodlands, and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plains [40].
It is best developed on dry, infertile soils in cool climates [7].
In the Adirondack Mountains of New York, bush-honeysuckle is found from
elevations of 100 feet (30 m) to 4,050 feet (1,234 m) [22].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Facultative seral species
Bush-honeysuckle is relatively insensitive to differences in light
intensity [3]. Its abundance in jack pine communities usually remains
relatively constant for a long time but declines in older (approximately
80 years of age) stands [3]. In jack pine-balsam fir community types,
bush-honeysuckle is most common on sites that have been cleared and/or
burned within the past 30 to 50 years [31,40].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
The peak flowering season for bush-honeysuckle is from early June to
early July, but flowers have opened as late as August in Michigan
[15,40]. The fruit matures and releases seeds in September [8].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Bush-honeysuckle sprouts from the rhizomes following top-kill by fire.
Regeneration depends on initiation of growth from dormant buds on
protected stem portions and rhizomes [9].
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Rhizomatous shrub, rhizome in soil
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Cool surface fires top-kill bush-honeysuckle [9].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Bush-honeysuckle rapidly regenerates after fire, though no sexual
structures are produced the first postfire growing season [9]. Seeds of
bush-honeysuckle were found only on old burns in Petersham,
Massachusetts, which suggested a possible period of heavy fruit
production approximately 13 years after fire [5,25].
Bush-honeysuckle abundance is usually unchanged by fire; abundance in
postfire communities is dependent on bush-honeysuckle prefire density
and the response of its competitors [3,20]. Bush-honeysuckle increased
slightly in cover (from 1 to 2.2 percent) after a prescribed fire in a
jack pine community in Minnesota [2]. In a Minnesota jack pine stand
where both logging and prescribed fire were conducted, bush-honeysuckle
frequency decreased the first postfire year but returned to prefire
levels by the second growing season. Its frequency declined slightly in
the fourth year [1]. Following prescribed fire in a red pine-white pine
(Pinus strobus) community in Ontario, bush-honeysuckle increased in stem
number but not frequency, with an overall increase in biomass [30].
After wildfire in jack pine types in northern Minnesota,
bush-honeysuckle regenerated better on sites that had burned in summer
as compared to sites that had experienced a spring wildfire [33].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Loomis and others [26] measured the moisture content of a number of
upper Midwest understory shrubs and herbs, including bush-honeysuckle;
this information can be used for a number of fire management
considerations.
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Diervilla lonicera | Bush-Honeysuckle
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Index
Related categories for Species: Diervilla lonicera
| Bush-Honeysuckle
|
 |
