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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
ABBREVIATION :
FRAANO
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
FRAN2
COMMON NAMES :
singleleaf ash
dwarf ash
Fresno ash
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of singleleaf ash is Fraxinus
anomala Torr. ex. Wats [11,13,14]. There are no recognized subspecies,
varieties, or forms.
LIFE FORM :
Tree, Shrub
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
William R. Reed III, July 1993.
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Reed, William R. 1993. Fraxinus anomala. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Singleleaf ash is found predominantly in the southwestern United States.
It occurs from southeastern California west to Colorado and south into
Texas and northern Mexico [10,14,25].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
STATES :
AZ CA CO NV NM TX UT MEXICO
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
ARCH BLCA CACH CANY CARE COLM
DEVA DINO GLCA GRCA JOTR MEVE
NABR ZION
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
7 Lower Basin and Range
12 Colorado Plateau
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K027 Mesquite bosques (Prosopis)
K031 Oak - juniper woodlands
K032 Transition between K031 and K037
K033 Chaparral
K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K039 Blackbrush
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K041 Creosotebush
K042 Creosotebush - bursage
K043 Paloverde - cactus shrub
K044 Creosotebush - tarbush
K058 Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
K071 Shinnery
K085 Mesquite - buffalograss
SAF COVER TYPES :
66 Ashe juniper - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
68 Mesquite
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper
240 Arizona cypress
241 Western live oak
242 Mesquite
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
NO-ENTRY
PALATABILITY :
In Utah, singleleaf ash is rated poor in palatability for cattle and
horses and fair for domestic sheep [4].
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
Singleleaf ash is rated poor in nutritional value for waterfowl, upland
game birds, small nongame birds, small mammals, white-tailed deer, and
elk. It is rated fair for mule deer [4].
COVER VALUE :
Singleleaf ash is rated good in cover value for mule deer, pronghorn,
upland game birds, and small mammals. It is rated poor for elk and
waterfowl [4].
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
Singleleaf ash has potential for use as an ornamental within its
natural range [12].
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Singleleaf ash seeds may be sown in fall without stratification or sown
in the spring after stratification [3].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Singleleaf ash is a native, deciduous, shrub or small tree ranging from
6.5 to 16.5 feet (2-5 m) tall with a maximum d.b.h of 5 to 7 inches
(12.5-17.8 cm) at maturity [10,14,25]. Leaves are simple to compound,
and are 1.5 to 2 inches (4-5 cm) long and 1 to 2 inches (3-4 cm) wide.
The fruit is an indehiscent samara 0.6 to 1.0 inch (1.5 to 2.5 cm) long
and 0.24 to 0.32 inch (6-8 mm) wide. The bark is thin, and divided by
shallow fissures into narrow, scaly ridges [10,14,19,25].
In tree form, singleleaf ash typically has a crooked trunk and rounded
crown [25].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Phanerophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Sexual: Singleleaf ash samaras are mature by late summer or fall and
are dispersed by wind shortly thereafter. Samaras are dormant,
requiring warm, then cold stratification. Germination is epigeal and
may occur the spring following dispersal. Samaras, however, can remain
viable in leaf litter or humus for several years [3].
Vegetative: Most ash species sprout from the root crown after logging
or fire has removed aboveground portions of the plant [1,9,17,21]. It
is probable that singleleaf ash responds in such a manner.
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Singleleaf ash grows well on a variety of soil types, ranging from
gravel to clay loams. It occurs more often on poorly-developed soils
with 0.5 to 2.0 percent organic matter content [18]. Sites are
typically dry canyons or gulches with full exposure to sunlight and
range from 3,000 to 11,000 feet (910-3,300 m) elevation [14].
Singleleaf ash also colonizes talus slopes, dry hillsides, and alluvial
deposits [12,16,25].
Common plant associates of singleleaf ash include skunkbush sumac (Rhus
trilobata), desert ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii), Arizona rosewood
(Vequelinia californica), desert barberry (Mahonia fremontii),
chokecherry (Prunus virginianus), and mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus
spp.) [7,18].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Obligate Initial Community
Singleleaf ash is shade intolerant [19].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Singleleaf ash flowers from April to May [14]. Flowers usually appear
either before or with leaves [12].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Specific information concerning the effects of fire on singleleaf ash is
lacking. It probably sprouts vigorously following fire, as do most
Fraxinus species.
Samaras may remain viable in the soil for several years, making them
important in the colonization of burned sites. Wind-dispersed samaras
may also play an important role in fire ecology.
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Tree with adventitious-bud root crown/soboliferous species
root sucker
Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Fraxinus anomala | Singleleaf Ash
REFERENCES :
1. Barnes, W. J. 1985. Population dynamics of woody plants on a river
island. Canadian Journal of Botany. 63: 647-655. [2855]
2. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
3. Noble, Ian R. 1981. Predicting successional change. In: Mooney, H. A.
[and others], tech coords. Proc. of the conference: fire regimes and
ecosystem properties; 1978; Honolulu, HI. General Technical Report
WO-26. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service:
278-200. [1768]
4. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
5. England, A. Sidney; Foreman, Larry D.; Laudenslayer, William F., Jr.
1984. Composition and abundance of bird populations in riparian systems
of the California deserts. In: Warner, Richard E.; Hendrix, Kathleen M.,
eds. California riparian systems: Ecology, conservation, and productive
management. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press: 694-705.
[5870]
6. Erdman, James Allen. 1969. Pinyon-juniper succession after fires on
residual soils of the Mesa Verde, Colorado. Boulder, CO: University of
Colorado. 81 p. Dissertation. [11437]
7. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
8. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
9. Girard, Michele M.; Goetz, Harold; Bjugstad, Ardell J. 1984. Upland
hardwood habitat types in southwestern North Dakota. In: Noble, Daniel
L; Winokur, Robert P.,eds. Wooded draws: characteristics and values for
the Northern Great Plains: Symposium proceedings; 1984 June 12-13; Rapid
City, SD. Great Plains Agricultural Council Publication No. 111. Rapid
City, SD: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Biology
Department: 10-14. [1024]
10. Kearney, Thomas H.; Peebles, Robert H.; Howell, John Thomas; McClintock,
Elizabeth. 1960. Arizona flora. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press. 1085 p. [6563]
11. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
12. Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1950. Southwestern trees: A guide to the native
species of New Mexico and Arizona. Agriculture Handbook No. 9.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 109 p.
[20330]
13. McCulloch, Clay Y. 1973. Part I: Seasonal diets of mule and white-tailed
deer. In: Deer nutrition in Arizona chaparral and desert habitats.
Special Report No. 3. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Game and Fish Department:
1-37. [9894]
14. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155]
15. Munz, Philip A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press. 1086 p. [4924]
16. Northcutt, Bennett Earl. 1978. The plant ecology of Butler Wash,
southeastern Utah. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado. 135 p. Thesis.
[8846]
17. Schlesinger, Richard C. 1990. Fraxinus americana L. white ash. In:
Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics
of North America. Vol. 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 333-338. [13965]
18. Pase, Charles P.; Brown, David E. 1982. Interior chaparral. In: Brown,
David E., ed. Biotic communities of the American Southwest--United
States and Mexico. Desert Plants. 4(1-4): 95-99. [1826]
19. Preston, Richard J., Jr. 1948. North American trees. Ames, IA: The Iowa
State College Press. 371 p. [1913]
20. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
21. Schlesinger, Richard C. 1990. Fraxinus americana L. white ash. In:
Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics
of North America. Vol. 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 333-338. [13965]
22. Shultz, L. M.; Neely, E. E.; Tuhy, J. S. 1987. Flora of the Orange
Cliffs of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist. 47(2): 287-298. [4056]
23. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
24. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
25. Vines, Robert A. 1960. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the Southwest.
Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 1104 p. [7707]
26. Wells, Philip V.; Woodcock, Deborah. 1985. Full-glacial vegetation of
Death Valley, California: juniper woodland opening to Yucca semidesert.
Madrono. 32(1): 11-23. [2493]
Index
Related categories for Species: Fraxinus anomala
| Singleleaf Ash
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