DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Heteromeles arbutifolia | Toyon 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Toyon occurs in chaparral communities throughout much of California.  It
is distributed in the Coast Ranges from Humboldt County southward into
Baja California and in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada from central
California southward into the Transverse Ranges [40,44,45,56].
Heteromeles arbutifolia var. macrocarpa is restricted to the Santa
Catalina and San Clemente islands off the coast of southern California
[35,46].  It is cultivated in Hawaii [71].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub


STATES : 
     CA  HI  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     CABR  CHIS  FOPO  GOGA  JOMU  MUWO
     PINN  PORE  SAMO  WHSH


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    7  Lower Basin and Range


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K009  Pine - cypress forest
   K029  California mixed evergreen
   K030  California oakwoods
   K033  Chaparral
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K035  Coastal sagebrush
   K036  Mosaic of K030 and K035


SAF COVER TYPES : 
   232  Redwood
   234  Douglas-fir - tanoak - Pacific madrone
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   248  Knobcone pine
   255  California coast live oak


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Toyon is a shrub component of chaparral, woodland, and forest
communities throughout much of California [4].  It has not been included
as a dominant or indicator in published classification schemes.  Hanes
[21] lists it as one of a number of woody dominants in chamise
(Adenostoma fasciculatum) chaparral, Nuttall's scrub oak (Quercus dumosa)
chaparral, and mixed-chaparral communities.  In the northern Coast Range
and foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, toyon and chamise
codominate low, open communities constituting serpentine chaparral
[21,55].  Toyon becomes locally dominant in seral communities which are
transitional between coastal sage scrub and chaparral in southern
California and the southern part of the Coast Range [4,48].  Coast live
oak (Quercus agrifolia) woodlands occupying north slopes in the Coast
Ranges often have toyon as a conspicuous subdominant; toyon sometimes
becomes dominant within these communities in the central portion of the
Coast Range [18].

Toyon is one of a number of tall shrubs constituting scrub oak dominated
chaparral [12,25,60].  Common associates within scrub oak chaparral
include [22,47] Nuttall's scrub oak, California live oak, hollyleaf
cherry (Prunus ilicifolia), birchleaf mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus
betuloides), redberry (Rhamnus crocea), California coffeeberry (Rhamnus
california), hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius), chaparral
whitethorn (C. leucodermis), chamise, poison-oak (Toxicodendron
diversilobum), and honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.).  Toyon is also an
important component of communities which are transitional between
chaparral and coastal sage scrub types [4,21].  California sagebrush
(Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum),
lotus (Lotus scoparius), and sage (Salvia spp.) are understory
associates within transitional communties.

Related categories for Species: Heteromeles arbutifolia | Toyon