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You are here >1Up Info > Wildlife, Animals, and Plants > Plant Species > Shrub > Species: Ilex coriacea | Large Gallberry
 

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BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

SPECIES: Ilex coriacea | Large Gallberry
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Large gallberry is a large evergreen tree or shrub, native to the southeastern United States. Its fruits are shiny black berries. Plants grow up to 7 feet (2.1 m) tall. The leaves are leathery. The flowers are usually unisexual; the plants are dioecious [7,9,11]. RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM : Undisturbed State: Phanerophyte (microphanerophyte) Undisturbed State: Phanerophyte (nanophanerophyte) Burned or Clipped State: Crytophyte (geophyte) REGENERATION PROCESSES : Large gallberry regenerates vegetatively by sprouting from rhizomes [5]. It also regenerates sexually, although the details have not been studied [27]. The nature of the fruit suggests that the seeds are dispersed by animals. SITE CHARACTERISTICS : Large gallberry grows in pine savannas and flatwoods, shrub-tree bogs and bays, open bogs, seepage areas in woodlands, on lower slopes, wooded ravines, and depressions [7,11]. Typical soils are sandy, acidic, and low in organic matter. They are often poorly drained, and frequently or seasonally flooded [2,7]. Large gallberry is common on longleaf pine or longleaf pine-slash pine sites. Overstory associates include baldcypress and pondcypress (Taxodium spp.), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), and water tupelo (N. aquatica) [8,11]. Understory associates include saw-palmetto (Serenoa repens), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), swamp cyrilla (Cyrilla racemiflora), bitter gallberry (Ilex galbra), laurelleaf greenbrier (Smilax laurifolia), buckwheat-tree (Cliftonia monophyla), blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), and blackberries (Rubus spp.) [8,25]. SUCCESSIONAL STATUS : Large gallberry is a mid to late seral species that grows well under a canopy. It tends toward a mature forest and competes with tree seedlings [6,19]. It typically does not on sites lacking the shade of a dense canopy [17,18]. SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT : Large gallberry flowers between April and May; its fruit ripens from September to October [7,11,27].

Related categories for Species: Ilex coriacea | Large Gallberry

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Information Courtesy: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Fire Effects Information System

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