|  
 Wildlife, Animals, and Plants  
 | 
 
 
 
 | 
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Picea mariana | Black Spruce  
REFERENCES : 
 1.  A. D. Revill Associates. 1978. Ecological eff. of fire and its mgmt. in
       Canada's national parks: a synthesis of the literature. Vols 1&2. Lit.
       Rev. & Annot. Bibliography. Ottawa, ON: Parks Canada, National Parks
       Branch, Natural Resources Division. 345 p.  [3416]
 2.  Aksamit, Scott E.; Irving, Frank D. 1984. Prescribed burning for lowland
       black spruce regeneration in northern Minnesota. Canadian Journal of
       Forest Research. 14: 107-113.  [7298]
 3.  Allen, Arthur W.; Jordan, Peter A.; Terrell, James W. 1987. Habitat
       suitability index models: moose, Lake Superior region. Biol. Rep. 82
       (10.155). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and
       Wildlife Service. 47 p.  [11710]
 4.  Armson, K. A. 1975. Establishment and early development of black spruce.
       In: Fraser, J. W.; Jeglum, J. K.; Ketcheson, D. E.; [and others],
       technical coordinators. Black spruce symposium: Proceedings; 1975
       September 23-25; Thunder Bay, ON. Symposium Proceedings 0-P-4. Sault
       Ste. Marie, ON: Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry
       Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre: 45-60.  [8825]
 5.  Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. 1977. Northwest trees. Seattle,
       WA: The Mountaineers. 222 p.  [4208]
 6.  Benzie, John W.; Blum, Barton M. 1989. Silviculture of northeastern
       conifers. In: Burns, Russell M., compiler. The scientific basis for
       silvicultural and management decisions in the National Forest System.
       Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-55. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
       Forest Service: 18-30.  [10243]
 7.  Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
       reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
       associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
       U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. 
       [434]
 8.  Bergeron, Yves; Dubuc, Michelle. 1989. Succession in the southern part
       of the Canadian boreal forest. Vegetatio. 79: 51-63.  [5042]
 9.  Black, R. A.; Bliss, L. C. 1978. Recovery sequence of Picea mariana -
       Vaccinium uliginosum forests after burning near Inuvik, Northwest
       Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany. 56: 2020-2030.  [7448]
10.  Black, R. Alan; Bliss, L. C. 1980. Reproductive ecology of Picea mariana
       (Mill.) BSP., at tree line near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada.
       Ecological Monographs. 50(3): 331-354.  [8413]
11.  Brink, C. Holden; Dean, Frederick C. 1966. Spruce seed as a food of red
       squirrels and flying squirrels in interior Alaska. Journal of Wildlife
       Management. 30(3): 503-512.  [13253]
12.  Brumelis, G.; Carleton, T. J. 1988. The vegetation of postlogged black
       spruce lowlands in central Canada. I. Trees and tall shrubs. Canadian
       Journal of Forest Research. 18: 1470-1478.  [9267]
13.  Corns, I. G. W. 1983. Forest community types of west-central Alberta in
       relation to selected environmental factors. Canadian Journal of Forest
       Research. 13: 995-1010.  [691]
14.  Corns, I. G. W.; Annas, R. M. 1986. Field guide to forest ecosystems of
       west-central Alberta. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Forestry Service, Northern
       Forestry Centre. 251 p.  [8998]
15.  Chrosciewicz, Z. 1976. Burning for black spruce regeneration on a
       lowland cutover site in southeastern Manitoba. Canadian Journal of
       Forest Research. 6(2): 179-186.  [7280]
16.  Curtis, John T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. Madison, WI: The
       University of Wisconsin Press. 657 p.  [7116]
17.  Damman, Antoni W. H.; French, Thomas W. 1987. The ecology of peat bogs
       of the glaciated northeastern United States: a community profile.
       Biological Report 85(7.16). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the
       Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development, National
       Wetlands Research Center. 100 p.  [9238]
18.  Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; Van Cleve, K. 1986. Fire in taiga
       communities of interior Alaska. In: Forest ecosystems in the Alaskan
       taiga. New York: Springer-Verlag: 74-86.  [3881]
19.  Elliott, Deborah L. 1979. The current regenerative capacity of the
       northern Canadian trees, Keewatin, N.W.T., Canada: some preliminary
       observations. Arctic and Alpine Research. 11(2): 243-251.  [8419]
20.  Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L. 1988. The boreal forest. In: Barbour, Michael
       G.; Billings, William Dwight, eds. North American terrestrial
       vegetation. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press: 33-62. 
       [13878]
21.  Ellison, Laurence. 1966. Seasonal foods and chemical analysis of winter
       diet of Alaskan spruce grouse. Journal of Wildlife Management. 30(4):
       729-735.  [9735]
22.  Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
       Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p.  [905]
23.  Famous, Norman C.; Spencer, M. 1989. Revegetation patterns in mined
       peatlands in central and eastern North America studied. Restoration and
       Management Notes. 7(2): 95-96.  [10171]
24.  Fedkenheuer, A. W.; Heacock, H. M.; Lewis, D. L. 1980. Early performance
       of native shrubs and trees planted on amended Athabasca oil sand
       tailings. Reclamation Review. 3: 47-55.  [12468]
25.  Foote, M. Joan. 1983. Classification, description, and dynamics of plant
       communities after fire in the taiga of interior Alaska. Res. Pap.
       PNW-307. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
       Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 108 p.  [7080]
26.  Foster, David R. 1985. Vegetation development following fire in Picea
       mariana (black spruce) - Pleurozium forests of south-eastern Labrador,
       Canada. Journal of Ecology. 73: 517-534.  [7222]
27.  Fowells, H. A., compiler. 1965. Silvics of forest trees of the United
       States. Agric. Handb. 271. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service. 762 p.  [12442]
28.  Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
       1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
       ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p.  [998]
29.  Haavisto, V. F. 1975. Peatland black spruce seed production and
       dispersal in northeastern Ontario. In: Fraser, J. W.; Jeglum, J. K.;
       Ketcheson, D. E.; [and others]., technical coordinators. Black spruce
       symposium; 1975 September 23-25; Thunder Bay, ON. Symposium Proceedings
       0-P-4. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Department of the Environment, Canadian
       Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre: 250-264.  [8839]
30.  Haeussler, S.; Pojar, J.; Geisler, B. M.; [and others]. 1985. A guide to
       the interior cedar-hemlock zone, northwestern transitional subzone
       (ICHg), in the Prince Rupert Forest Region, British Columbia. Land
       Management Report Number 26; ISSN 0702-9861. Victoria, BC: British
       Columbia, Ministry of Forests. 263 p.  [6930]
31.  Halvorson, Curtis H. 1986. Influence of vertebrates on conifer seed
       production. In: Shearer, Raymond C., compiler. Proceedings--conifer tree
       seed in the Inland Mountain West symposium; 1985 August 5-6; Missoula,
       MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-203. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
       Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 201-222.  [12789]
32.  Hanson, William A. 1979. Preliminary results of the Bear Creek fire
       effects studies. Proposed open file report. Anchorage, AK: U.S.
       Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage
       District Office. 83 p.  [6400]
33.  Heinselman, Miron L. 1973. Restoring fire to the canoe country.
       Naturalist. 24: 21-31.  [15810]
34.  Heinselman, Miron L. 1981. Fire intensity and frequency as factors in
       the distribution and structure of northern ecosystems. In: Mooney, H.
       A.; Bonnicksen, T. M.; Christensen, N. L.; [and others], technical
       coordinators. Fire regimes and ecosystem properties: Proceedings of the
       conference; 1978 December 11-15; Honolulu, HI. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-26.
       Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 7-57. 
       [4390]
35.  Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native trees of Canada. 7th ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian
       Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Forestry. 380 p.  [3375]
36.  Tuskan, Gerald A.; Laughlin, Kevin. 1991. Windbreak species performance
       and management practices as reported by Montana and North Dakota
       landowners. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 46(3): 225-228. 
       [15084]
37.  Johnston, William F. 1977. Manager's handbook for black spruce in the
       North Central States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-34. St. Paul, MN: U.S.
       Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest
       Experiment Station. 18 p.  [8684]
38.  Johnston, William F.; Smith, Thomas M. 1983. Black spruce. In: Burns,
       Russell M., tech. comp. Silvicultural systems for the major forest types
       of the United States. Agric. Handb. No. 445. Washington, DC: U.S.
       Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 96-98.  [13821]
39.  Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
       of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
       American Geographical Society. 77 p.  [1384]
40.  LeBarron, Russell K. 1948. Silvicultural management of black spruce in
       Minnesota. Circular No. 791. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture. 60 p.  [13554]
41.  Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native
       and naturalized). Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p.  [2952]
42.  Lutz, H. J. 1956. Ecological effects of forest fires in the interior of
       Alaska. Tech. Bull. No. 1133. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service. 121 p.  [7653]
43.  Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
       Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
       Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p.  [20090]
44.  Maikawa, E.; Kershaw, K. A. 1976. Studies on lichen-dominated systems.
       XIX. The postfire recovery sequence of black spruce-lichen woodland in
       the Abitau Lake region, N.W.T. Canadian Journal of Botany. 54:
       2679-2687.  [7225]
45.  Marek, G. T. 1975. Ecosystem management of black spruce on shallow sites
       in the Lake Nipigon-Beardmore area. In: Fraser, J. W.; Jeglum, J. K.;
       Ketcheson, D. E.; [and others], technical coordinators. Black spruce
       symposium; 1975 September 23-25; Thunder Bay, ON. Symposium Proceedings
       0-P-4. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Department of the Environment, Canadian
       Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre: 195-200.  [8834]
46.  Millar, J. B. 1939. Spruce regeneration in northern Ontario. Forestry
       Chronicle. 15(11): 93-96.  [13255]
47.  Moss, E. H. 1955. The vegetation of Alberta. Botanical Review. 21(9):
       493-567.  [6878]
48.  Ohmann, Lewis F.; Ream, Robert R. 1971. Wilderness ecology: virgin plant
       communities of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Res. Pap. NC-63. St.
       Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central
       Forest Experiment Station. 55 p.  [9271]
49.  Parminter, John. 1983. Fire-ecological relationships for the
       biogeoclimatic zones and subzones of the Fort Nelson Timber Supply Area:
       summary report. In: Northern Fire Ecology Project: Fort Nelson Timber
       Supply Area. Victoria, BC: Province of British Columbia, Ministry of
       Forests. 53 p.  [9203]
50.  Payette, Serge; Morneau, Claude; Sirois, Luc; Desponts, Mireille. 1989.
       Recent fire history of the northern Quebec biomes. Ecology. 70(3):
       656-673.  [9704]
51.  Pojar, J.; Trowbridge, R.; Coates, D. 1984. Ecosystem classification and
       interpretation of the sub-boreal spruce zone, Prince Rupert Forest
       Region, British Columbia. Land Management Report No. 17. Victoria, BC:
       Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests. 319 p.  [6929]
52.  Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
       geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p.  [2843]
54.  Rowe, J. S.; Scotter, G. W. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quaternary
       Research. 3: 444-464.  [72]
55.  Safford, L. O. 1974. Picea A. Dietr.  spruce. In: Schopmeyer, C. S., ed.
       Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handb. 450.
       Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 587-597.
       [7728]
56.  Sirois, Luc; Payette, Serge. 1991. Reduced postfire tree regeneration
       along a boreal forest - forest tundra transect in northern Quebec.
       Ecology. 72(2): 619-627.  [13954]
57.  Thomas, P. A.; Wein, Ross W. 1985. Delayed emergence of four conifer
       species on postfire seedbeds in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of
       Forest Research. 15: 727-729.  [7882]
58.  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
       National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
       SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p.  [11573]
59.  Van Cleve, K.; Dyrness, C. T.; Viereck, L. A.; [and others]. 1983. Taiga
       ecosystems in interior Alaska. BioScience. 33(1): 39-44.  [7884]
60.  Viereck, Leslie A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quaternary
       Research. 3: 465-495.  [7247]
61.  Viereck, Leslie A. 1975. Forest ecology of the Alaska taiga. In:
       Proceedings of the circumpolar conference on northern ecology; 1975
       September 15-18; Ottawa, ON. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service: 1-22.  [7315]
62.  Viereck, L. A.; Dyrness, C. T. 1979. Ecological effects of the
       Wickersham Dome Fire near Fairbanks, Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-90.
       Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
       Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 71 p.  [6392]
63.  Viereck, L. A.; Dyrness, C. T.; Batten, A. R.; Wenzlick, K. J. 1992. The
       Alaska vegetation classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-286. Portland,
       OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
       Research Station. 278 p.  [2431]
64.  Viereck, L. A.; Foote, Joan; Dyrness, C. T.; [and others]. 1979.
       Preliminary results of experimental fires in the black spruce type of
       interior Alaska. Res. Note PNW-332. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
       Experiment Station. 27 p.  [7077]
65.  Viereck, Leslie A.; Johnston, William F. 1990. Picea mariana (Mill.)
       B.S.P.  black spruce. In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H.,
       technical coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers.
       Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
       Forest Service: 227-237.  [13386]
66.  Viereck, Leslie A.; Little, Elbert L., Jr. 1972. Alaska trees and
       shrubs. Agric. Handb. 410. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service. 265 p.  [6884]
67.  Vincent, A. B. 1965. Black spruce: a review of its silvics, ecology and
       silviculture. Publ. No. 1100. Ottawa, Canada: Department of Forestry. 78
       p.  [14282]
68.  Wilton, W. C. 1963. Black spruce seedfall immediately following fire.
       Forestry Chronicle. 39(4): 477-478.  [12801]
69.  Wolff, Jerry O. 1978. Food habits of snowshoe hare in interior Alaska.
       Journal of Wildlife Management. 42(1): 148-153.  [7443]
70.  Zasada, John C. 1971. Natural regeneration of interior Alaska forests -
       seed, seedbed, and vegetative considerations. In: Slaughter, C. W.;
       Barney, R. J.; Hansen, G. M., eds. Fire in the northern environment--a
       symposium; 1971 April 13-14; Fairbanks, AK. Portland, OR: U.S.
       Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and
       Range Experiment Station: 231-246.  [13256]
71.  Zasada, J. 1986. Natural regeneration of trees and tall shrubs on forest
       sites in interior Alaska. In: Van Cleve, K.; Chapin, F. S., III;
       Flanagan, P. W.; [and others], eds. Forest ecosystems in the Alaska
       taiga: A synthesis of structure and function. New York: Springer-Verlag:
       44-73.  [2291]
72.  Zasada, John C.; Norum, Rodney A.; Van Veldhuizen, Robert M.; Teutsch,
       Christian E. 1983. Artificial regeneration of trees and tall shrubs in
       experimentally burned upland black spruce/feather moss stands in Alaska.
       Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 13: 903-913.  [6991]
73.  Clautice, Stephan Fitzgerald. 1974. Spruce and birch germination on
       different seedbeds and aspects after fire in interior Alaska. Fairbanks,
       AK: University of Alaska. 94 p. Thesis.  [22284]
74.  Irving, F.D.; French, D. W. 1971. Control by fire of dwarf mistletoe in
       black spruce. Journal of Forestry. 69: 28-30.  [14006]
75.  Jones, R. Keith; Pierpoint, Geoffrey; Wickware, Gregory M.; [and
       others]. 1983. Field guide to forest ecosystem classification for the
       Clay Belt, site region 3e. Maple, Ontario: Ministry of Natural
       Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute. 160 p.  [16163]
 
 Related categories for Species: Picea mariana
 | Black Spruce  
 | 
  |