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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
ABBREVIATION :
ROSNUT
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
RONU
COMMON NAMES :
Nootka rose
common rose
wild rose
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of Nootka rose is Rosa nutkana
Presl. Recognized varieties are as follows [17,19]:
Rosa nutkana var. nutkana
R. nutkana var. hispida Fern.
R. nutkana var. muriculata (Greene) G. N. Jones
R. nutkana var. setosa G. N. Jones.
LIFE FORM :
Shrub
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
William R. Reed, October 1993
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Nootka rose is distributed from Alaska south to California and east to
western Montana and New Mexico [17,19].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES27 Redwood
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES38 Plains grasslands
STATES :
AK AZ CA CO ID MT NV NM OR UT
WA WY AB BC
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
BRCA CEBR CODA DINO MEVE MORA
NABR NOCA OLYM REDW SAJU TICA
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K002 Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
K003 Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
K004 Fir - hemlock forest
K005 Mixed conifer forest
K006 Redwood forest
K008 Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
K010 Ponderosa shrub forest
K011 Western ponderosa forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest
K019 Arizona pine forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
K021 Southwestern spruce - fir forest
K022 Great Basin pine forest
K024 Juniper steppe woodland
K026 Oregon oakwoods
K028 Mosaic of K002 and K026
K029 California mixed evergreen forest
K030 California oakwoods
K050 Fescue - wheatgrass
K051 Wheatgrass - bluegrass
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
SAF COVER TYPES :
201 White spruce
203 Balsam poplar
205 Mountain hemlock
210 Interior Douglas-fir
211 White fir
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
222 Black cottonwood - willow
223 Sitka spruce
224 Western hemlock
225 Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
226 Coastal true fir - hemlock
227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
228 Western redcedar
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
232 Redwood
235 Cottonwood - willow
237 Interior ponderosa pine
238 Western juniper
244 Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
245 Pacific ponderosa pine
247 Jeffrey pine
256 California mixed subalpine
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Nootka rose is listed as a dominant understory shrub in the following
publication:
Plant communities and soils of north slopes in the palouse region of
eastern Washington and northern Idaho [2].
Common plant associates of Nootka rose include common snowberry
(Symphoricarpos albus), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), trembling
aspen (Populus tremuloides), and black cottonwood (P. trichocarpa) [2,5].
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
Nootka rose is important wildlife browse. Mule deer, white-tailed deer,
elk, moose, caribou, bighorn sheep, bears, coyotes, and various rodents
eat the fruits. Squirrrels, mice, beavers, and porcupines eat the twigs
and leaves [1,4,14].
PALATABILITY :
Nootka rose fruits are preferred by deer, elk, and squirrels [3,14].
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
Nootka rose thickets are used for nesting and escape cover by birds and
small mammals [14]. Nootka rose provides good cover for waterfowl in
Wyoming [8].
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
Nootka rose has successfully been used for rehabilitating disturbed
sites at Columbia River Gorge, Oregon [23].
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
In a Douglas-fir/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus)
habitat type in Idaho, Nootka rose cover was greater on disturbed sites
than on undisturbed sites. Average cover was highest (7.7 percent) on
grazed sites [7]. In 16- to 20-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
regeneration in northeastern Utah, Nootka rose productivity was little
affected by thinning or clearcutting [3].
Spring and fall foliar applications of herbicides control Rosa species [14].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Nootka rose is a native, deciduous, perennial shrub 3 to 6 feet (0.9-1.8
m) tall with erect or trailing stems. Nootka rose reaches its maximum
height within 10 years. Stems and branches are prickly to unarmed.
Leaves are compound and have five to seven leaflets. The fruits contain
several long, hairy achenes. Roots are deep. Nootka rose has rhizomes
[13,14,17].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Phanerophyte
Chamaephyte
Geophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Sexual: Nootka rose attains sexual maturity at 2 to 5 years of age.
Good seed crops are produced about every other year. Nootka rose is a
seedbanking species. Seeds exhibit seedcoat dormancy and require a
combination of warm and cold stratification or mechanical disturbance
for germination. Seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals [13,14].
Asexual: Nootka rose sprouts from the root crown and rhizomes [13,14].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Nootka rose is commonly found in moderately dry to moist climates in
submontane to montane zones. It occurs on nitrogen-rich, fresh to very
moist soils. It frequently occurs in floodplains, open streambanks, and
meadows [24]. It is sporadic in open-canopy forests with fluctuating
groundwater tables. It is occasionally found on brackish-water sites or
sites exposed to ocean spray [15]. Nootka rose grows best at pH ranges
of 5.6 to 7.0. It thrives on moderately fertile, well-drained
clayey-loam, sandy-loam, or sandy soils [14].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Nootka rose is tolerant of both sun and shade. It shows increased
growth and fruit production with increasing light. Nootka rose
increases in cover with canopy closure, but may produce less fruit [14].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Nootka rose flowers from May through July [8,19]. Fruits ripen in early
fall and remain on the plant through winter [13].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Nootka rose sprouts from rhizomes and root crowns following fire. It
also regenerates from onsite or transported seed [14].
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Small shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Rhizomatous shrub, rhizome in soil
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Nootka rose is top-killed by fire. Shallowly buried root crowns and
rhizomes of Rosa species, including Nootka rose, may be killed by severe
fire [14].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Nootka rose may increase or decrease following fire. Rosa species of
British Columbia, including Nootka rose, usually initially decrease in
cover after wildfire. Cover gradually increases, and then declines
again as the canopy closes [14]. In a Douglas-fir/ninebark habitat type
in Idaho, Nootka rose cover was greater on burned sites or sites logged
and then burned than on undisturbed sites. Cover was less, however,
than on logged or grazed sites [7]. In aspen and aspen-mixed conifer
stands in Idaho and Wyoming, prescribed fires of low to high severity
caused a decrease in cover of Nootka and Wood's rose (Rosa woodsii) in
postfire year 1. Rose biomass in postfire year 2 was near prefire
levels [25]. In Washington and Oregon, burning had little effect on
abundance of Nootka rose. Multiple fires can significantly reduce cover
of rose species [14].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Rosa nutkana | Nootka Rose
REFERENCES :
1. Allen, Eugene O. 1968. Range use, foods, condition, and productivity of
white-tailed deer in Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management. 32(1):
130-141. [16331]
2. Aller, Alvin R.; Fosberg, Maynard A.; LaZelle, Monta C.; Falen, Anita L.
1981. Plant communities and soils of north slopes in the Palouse region
of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Northwest Science. 55(4):
248-262. [2823]
3. Austin, D. D.; Urness, Philip J. 1982. Vegetal responses and big game
values after thinning regenerating lodgepole pine. Great Basin
Naturalist. 42(4): 512-516. [8354]
4. Austin, D. D.; Hash, A. B. 1988. Minimizing browsing damage by deer:
Landscape planning for wildlife. Utah Science. Fall: 66-70. [6341]
5. Bell, Jack H.; Lauer, Jerry L.; Peek, James M. 1992. Habitat use
patterns of white-tailed deer, Umatilla River, Oregon. Northwest
Science. 66(3): 160-171. [19276]
6. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
7. Cholewa, Anita F.; Johnson, Frederic D. 1983. Secondary succession in
the Pseudotsuga menziesii/Phyaocarpus malvaceus association. Northwest
Science. 57(4): 273-282. [11402]
8. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
9. Erlanson, Eileen Whitehead. 1934. Experimental data for a revision of
the North American wild roses. Botanical Gazette. 96(2): 197-259.
[12434]
10. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
11. Fonda, R. W. 1974. Forest succession in relation to river terrace
development in Olympic National Park, Washington. Ecology. 55(5):
927-942. [6746]
12. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
13. Gill, John D.; Pogge, Franz L. 1974. Rosa L. Rose. In: Schopmeyer, C.
S., ed. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agriculture Handbook
No. 450. Washington: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service:
732-737. [7742]
14. Haeussler, S.; Coates, D.; Mather, J. 1990. Autecology of common plants
in British Columbia: A literature review. Economic and Regional
Development Agreement FRDA Rep. 158. Victoria, BC: Forestry Canada,
Pacific Forestry Centre; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Research
Branch. 272 p. [18033]
15. Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator
plants of coastal British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British
Columbia Press. 288 p. [10703]
16. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
17. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central
Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station. 648 p. [13798]
18. Lepofsky, Dana; Turner, Nancy J.; Kuhnlein, Harriet V. 1985. Determining
the availability of traditional wild plant foods: an example of Nuxalk
foods, Bella Coola, British Columbia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 16:
223-241. [7002]
19. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155]
20. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
21. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
22. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
23. Youtie, Berta. 1991. Native plants delight visitors at Columbia Gorge
plot. Park Science. 11(4): 4-5. [18183]
24. Taylor, R. F. 1932. The successional trend and its relation to
second-growth forests in southeastern Alaska. Ecology. 13(4): 381-391.
[10007]
25. Brown, James K.; DeByle, Norbert V. 1989. Effects of prescribed fire on
biomass and plant succession in western aspen. Res. Pap. INT-412. Ogden,
UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain
Research Station. 16 p. [9286]
Index
Related categories for Species: Rosa nutkana
| Nootka Rose
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