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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
ABBREVIATION :
SALBAR
SYNONYMS :
Salix albertana Rowlee
SCS PLANT CODE :
SABA4
COMMON NAMES :
Barratt willow
Barratt's willow
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of Barratt willow is Salix
barrattiana Hook.
LIFE FORM :
Shrub
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
USFS Region 1 status: MT - sensitive [15]
Montana status: sensitive [15]
Barratt willow is globally secure but critically imperiled in Montana
[13]. Populations in Montana are sparse [10].
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Tara Y. Williams/October 1990
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Williams, Tara Y. 1990. Salix barrattiana. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Barratt willow is distributed from Alaska and the Yukon south to
southwestern Alberta, northwestern Montana, and southeastern British
Columbia [5].
Occurrence in Glacier National Park: Gunsight Pass [14].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES23 Fir - spruce
STATES :
AK MT AB BC YT
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
DENA GLAC LACL
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
SAF COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Barratt willow communities are dominant on recent alluvial deposits in
Alberta [7].
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
NO-ENTRY
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
Barratt willow may cause hayfever [2].
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Barratt willow is a much branched, low, often depressed, native
perennial shrub. It is generally about 3 feet (30-150 cm) tall. The
young twigs are sticky and have long, soft hairs. The leaves are 1 to 3
inches (4-7 cm) long. The species is dioecious; male aments are 1 to 2
inches long (2-5 cm) and female aments are 2 to 4 inches (4-9 cm) long.
The seed capsule is hairy. Barratt willow forms extensive thickets in
alpine/subalpine habitats [5,12,15,15].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Undisturbed State: Phanerophyte (nanophanerophyte)
Burned or Clipped State: Cryptophyte (geophyte)
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Barratt willow reporoduces by seed sexually produced by pollination and
fertilization [2].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Barratt willow grows on boggy meadows, moist open hillsides in
mountains, and along lakeshores and streambanks. It has been reported
on rock slides and recent alluvial deposits. Soils range from very
calcareous to very acidic [5,7,14]. It survives long, cold winters and
short, cool summers in areas in Alberta with a mean annual temperature
under 32 degrees F (0 degrees C). Barratt willow was reported in a
krummholz community near timberline with Engelmann spruce (Picea
engelmannii), alpine larch (Larix lyallii), and subalpine fir (Abies
lasiocarpa) [7]. It has been reported at 8,475 feet (2,584 m) in Alberta
[7], between 6,800 and 10,500 feet (2,075 and 3,200 m) in Montana [15],
and at 10,000 feet (3,050 m) in Wyoming [2].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Fruit matures in late July and August [9,15].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
off-site colonizer; seed transported by wind; postfire years 1 and 2
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
NO-ENTRY
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Salix barrattiana | Barratt Willow
REFERENCES :
1. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
2. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
3. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
4. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
5. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1964. Vascular plants of the
Pacific Northwest. Part 2: Salicaceae to Saxifragaceae. Seattle, WA:
University of Washington Press. 597 p. [1166]
6. Kartesz, John T.; Kartesz, Rosemarie. 1980. A synonymized checklist of
the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume
II: The biota of North America. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North
Carolina Press; in confederation with Anne H. Lindsey and C. Richie
Bell, North Carolina Botanical Garden. 500 p. [6954]
7. Knapik, L. J.; Scotter, G. W.; Pettapiece, W. W. 1973. Alpine soil and
plant community relationships of the Sunshine Area, Banff National Park.
Arctic and Alpine Research. 5(3): A161-A170. [12971]
8. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
9. Lesica, Peter. 1984. Rare vascular plants of Glacier National Park,
Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Department of Botany. 27
p. [12049]
10. Lesica, P.; Moore, G.; Peterson, K. M.; Rumely, J. H. (Montana Rare
Plant Project). 1984. Vascular plants of limited distribution in
Montana. Monograph No. 2. Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the
Proceedings, Volume 43. Bozman, MT: Montana State University, Montana
Academy of Sciences. 61 p. [11656]
11. Moss, E. H. 1955. The vegetation of Alberta. Botanical Review. 21(9):
493-567. [6878]
12. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
13. Shelly, J. Stephen, compiler. 1990. Plant species of special concern.
Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program. 20 p. [12960]
14. Standley, Paul C. 1921. Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana.
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 22, Part
5. Washington, DC: United States National Museum, Smithsonian
Institution: 235-438. [12318]
15. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region. 1988.
Sensitive plant field guide [Montana]. Missoula, MT. [12279]
16. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
17. Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession
following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall
Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council
fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No.
14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373. [1496]
Index
Related categories for Species: Salix barrattiana
| Barratt Willow
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