Introductory
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



ABBREVIATION : 
SALSER

SYNONYMS : 
   Salix arguta Anderss. var. alpigena Anderss.
   Salix lucida Muhl. var. serissima Bailey


SCS PLANT CODE : 
   SASE2


COMMON NAMES : 
   fall willow
   autumn willow


TAXONOMY : 
The currently accepted scientific name of fall willow is Salix serissima
(Bailey) Fern.


LIFE FORM : 
Shrub

FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS : 
No special status

OTHER STATUS : 
Fall willow is rare in Glacier National Park and Montana where it is at
the edge of its range [10].  Disjunct populations occur in South Dakota.
Fall willow's South Dakota Heritage Status code is A(d), i.e.,
critically rare--in danger of extirpation in the state; very rare or
habitat seriously threatened (disjunct) [18].


COMPILED BY AND DATE : 
Tara Y. Williams/October 1990


LAST REVISED BY AND DATE : 
NO-ENTRY


AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION : 
Williams, Tara Y. 1990. Salix serissima. In: Remainder of Citation

DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Fall willow is distributed in boreal North America south to New Jersey,
Minnesota, Montana, and Colorado.  It is found from eastern Canada to
Alberta [6,9].

Occurrence in Glacier National Park:  along Swiftcurrent Creek below
Swiftcurrent Lake and below Lake McDermott [9,14].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES28  Western hardwoods


STATES : 
     CO  CT  MA  MN  MT  NJ  PA  VT  WI  WY
     AB  LB  MB  NB  NF  NS  NT  ON  PQ  SK
     YT


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     APIS  DEWA  GLAC  ROMO  VOYA


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods (seral stages)


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    16  Aspen
   217  Aspen


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
NO-ENTRY

VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE : 
NO-ENTRY


IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE : 
NO-ENTRY


PALATABILITY : 
NO-ENTRY


NUTRITIONAL VALUE : 
NO-ENTRY


COVER VALUE : 
NO-ENTRY


VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES : 
NO-ENTRY


OTHER USES AND VALUES : 
Fall willow may cause hayfever [3].


MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS : 
The fall willow population in Glacier National Park may have been
destroyed by flooding associated with dam construction outside the park.
The presence of fall willow in Glacier National Park should be verified
[9].

BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS : 
Fall willow is a native perennial shrub that grows 6 to 9 feet (2-3 m)
tall.


RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM : 
   Undisturbed State:  Phanerophyte (nanophanerophyte)
   Burned or Clipped State:  Cryptophyte (geophyte)


REGENERATION PROCESSES : 
Fall willow reproduces sexually from seed.


SITE CHARACTERISTICS : 
Fall willow grows in cold, often calcareous bogs, limy swamps, boggy
meadows, and along lakeshores and streambanks at low to mid elevations
[6,9,13,14].  It grows under aspen (Populus tremuloides) and balsam poplar
(P. balsamifera) forests with other willows (Salix spp.), rushes (Juncus
spp.), and ash (Fraxinus spp.) [1,12].  It was reported at 9,000 feet
(3,000 m) in Colorado [6] and at 5,300 feet (1,615 m) in Montana [3].


SUCCESSIONAL STATUS : 
Fall willow was present in the understory of a 5-year-old, sandy,
subirrigated, aspen-poplar stand [1].


SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT : 
Fall willow flowers in midsummer or later.  It produces fruit in late
summer or fall [14].  Others say it blooms with other willow species in
May and June and produces fruit in September [9,13].

FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS : 
NO-ENTRY


POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY : 
   survivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
   surviving species; on-site surviving rhizomes
   survivor species; on-site surviving deep underground stems and rhizomes
   crown-stored residual colonizer; short-viability seed in on-site cones
   crown-stored residual colonizer; long-viability seed in on-site cones
   crown-site stored residual colonizer; probably fire-activated seed on-site in soil
   crown-site stored residual colonizer; fire-activated seed on-site in soil
   crown-stored residual colonizer; fire-activated seed on-site in soil
   off-site colonizer; seed tranported by wind; postfire years 1 and 2
   off-site colonizer; seed transported by animals; postfire years 1 and 2
   secondary colonizer; off-site seed transported to site after year 2

FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT : 
NO-ENTRY


DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT : 
NO-ENTRY


PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE : 
NO-ENTRY


DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE : 
NO-ENTRY


FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS : 
In an Alberta project that aimed to control willow species in the
understory, burning resulted in 96 percent mortality of stems.  The
willows returned to preburn levels in 3 years.  A combination of burning
and spraying resulted in greater reduction [1].

REFERENCES
SPECIES: Salix serissima | Fall Willow 



REFERENCES : 

 .  Bailey, Arthur W.; Anderson, Howard G. 1979. Brush control on sandy
       rangelands in central Alberta. Journal of Range Management. 32(1):
       29-32.  [3387]

 .  Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
       reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
       associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
       U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. 
       [434]

 .  Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
       network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
       Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
       Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p.  [806]

 .  Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
       Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p.  [905]

 .  Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
       1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
       ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
       Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p.  [998]

 .  Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. 2d ed.
       Chicago: The Swallow Press Inc. 666 p.  [6851]

 .  Kartesz, John T.; Kartesz, Rosemarie. 1980. A synonymized checklist of
       the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume
       II: The biota of North America. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North
       Carolina Press; in confederation with Anne H. Lindsey and C. Richie
       Bell, North Carolina Botanical Garden. 500 p.  [6954]

 .  Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
       of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
       American Geographical Society. 77 p.  [1384]

 .  Lesica, Peter. 1984. Rare vascular plants of Glacier National Park,
       Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana, Department of Botany. 27
       p.  [12049]

.  Lesica, P.; Moore, G.; Peterson, K. M.; Rumely, J. H. (Montana Rare
       Plant Project). 1984. Vascular plants of limited distribution in
       Montana. Monograph No. 2. Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the
       Proceedings, Volume 43. Bozman, MT: Montana State University, Montana
       Academy of Sciences. 61 p.  [11656]

.  Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
       geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p.  [2843]

.  Rudd, Velva E. 1951. Geographical affinities of the flora of North
       Dakota. American Midland Naturalist. 45(3): 722-739.  [2040]

.  Voss, Edward G. 1972. Michigan flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and monocots.
       Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of Science; Ann Arbor, MI:
       University of Michigan Herbarium. 488 p.  [11471]

.  Standley, Paul C. 1921. Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana.
       Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 22, Part
       5. Washington, DC: United States National Museum, Smithsonian
       Institution: 235-438.  [12318]

.  Voss, Edward G. 1985. Michigan flora. Part II. Dicots
       (Saururaceae--Cornaceae). Bull. 59. Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook
       Institute of Science; Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Herbarium.
       724 p.  [11472]

.  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
       National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
       SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p.  [11573]

.  Lyon, L. Jack; Stickney, Peter F. 1976. Early vegetal succession
       following large northern Rocky Mountain wildfires. In: Proceedings, Tall
       Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council
       fire and land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No.
       14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 355-373.  [1496]

.  Houtcooper, Wayne C.; Ode, David J.; Pearson, John A.; Vandel, George
       M., III. 1985. Rare animals and plants of South Dakota. Prairie
       Naturalist. 17(3): 143-165.  [1198]

Related categories for Species: Salix serissima | Fall Willow