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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Betula alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch
REFERENCES : 1. A. D. Revill Associates. 1978. Ecological eff. of fire and its mgmt. in Canada's national parks: a synthesis of the literature. Vols 1&2. Lit. Rev. & Annot. Bibliography. Ottawa, ON: Parks Canada, National Parks Branch, Natural Resources Division. 345 p. [3416] 2. Abrams, Marc D. 1992. Fire and the development of oak forests. BioScience. 42(5): 346-353. [19215] 3. Adams, Harold S.; Stephenson, Steven L. 1989. Old-growth red spruce communities in the mid-Appalachians. Vegetatio. 85: 45-56. [11409] 4. Ahlgren, C. E. 1957. Phenological observations of nineteen native tree species in northeastern Minnesota. Ecology. 38(4): 622-628. [74] 5. Allen, Douglas C. 1987. Insects, declines and general health of northern hardwoods: issues relevant to good forest management. In: Nyland, Ralph D., editor. Managing northern hardwoods: Proceedings of a silvicultural symposium; 1986 June 23-25; Syracuse, NY. Faculty of Forestry Miscellaneous Publication No. 13 (ESF 87-002); Society of American Foresters Publication No. 87-03. Syracuse, NY: State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry: 252-285. [10659] 6. Anderson, H. W. 1982. Regenerating yellow birch with prescribed fire. In: Proceedings, Society of American Foresters national convention; 1982 September 19-22; Cincinnati, OH. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 168-172. [6715] 7. Auchmoody, L. R.; Walters, R. S. 1988. Revegetation of a brine-killed forest site. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 52: 277-280. [11374] 8. Barden, Lawrence S.; Woods, Frank W. 1974. Characteristics of lightning fires in southern Appalachian forests. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1973 March 22-23; Tallahassee, FL. No. 13. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 345-361. [19012] 9. Barnes, Burton V. 1976. Succession in deciduous swamp communities of southeastern Michigan formerly dominated by American elm. Canadian Journal of Botany. 54: 19-24. [4914] 10. Battles, John J.; Johnson, Arthur H.; Siccama, Thomas G.; [and others]. 1992. Red spruce death: effects on forest composition and structure on Whiteface Mountain, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 119(4): 418-430. [21119] 11. Behrend, Donald F.; Patric, Earl F. 1969. Influence of site disturbance and removal of shade on regeneration of deer browse. Journal of Wildlife Management. 33(2): 394-398. [15619] 12. Bormann, F. H.; Buell, M. F. 1964. Old-age stand of hemlock-northern hardwood forest in central Vermont. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 91(6): 451-465. [8856] 13. Brink, D. L.; Merriman, M. M.; Gullekson, E. E. 1987. Ethanol fuel, organic chemicals, single-cell proteins: a new forest products industry. In: Plumb, Timothy R.; Pillsbury, Norman H., technical coordinators. 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Betula alleghaniensis Britton yellow birch. In: Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., technical coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 2. Hardwoods. Agric. Handb. 654. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 133-147. [21816] 33. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 34. Eyre, F. H.; Zillgitt, W. M. 1953. Partial cuttings in northern hardwoods of the Lake States: twenty-year experimental results. Tech. Bull. No. 1076. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 124 p. [23839] 35. Fahey, Timothy J.; Reiners, William A. 1981. Fire in the forests of Maine and New Hampshire. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 108: 362-373. [9707] 36. Fay, Stephen C.; Alvis, Richard. 1993. White Mountain landscapes. Laconia, NH: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 9, White Mountain National Forest. 76 p. Working draft. [21663] 37. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections supplied by R. C. Rollins]. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press. 1632 p. (Dudley, Theodore R., gen. ed.; Biosystematics, Floristic & Phylogeny Series; vol. 2). [14935] 38. Filip, Stanley M. 1969. Natural regeneration of birch in New England. In: The birch symposium: Proceedings; 1969 August 19-21; Durham, NH. Forest Service Research Paper NE-146. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station: 50-54. [15350] 39. Fitzgerald, Brian T.; Raynal, Dudley J. 1991. Population dynamics and growth of balsam fir on Whiteface Mountain, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 118(3): 255-264. [16764] 40. Forcier, Lawrence K. 1975. Reproductive strategies and the co-occurrence of climax tree species. Science. 198: 808-810. [11371] 41. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. 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Related categories for Species: Betula alleghaniensis | Yellow Birch

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