DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Picea glauca | White Spruce 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
White spruce has a transcontinental distribution.  It grows from
Newfoundland, Labrador, and northern Quebec west across Canada along the
northern limit of trees to northwestern Alaska, south to southwestern
Alaska, southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and northwestern
Montana, and east to southern Manitoba, central Minnesota, central
Michigan, southern Ontario, northern New York, and Maine.  An isolated
population also occurs in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming
[45].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES28  Western hardwoods


STATES : 
     AK  ME  MI  MN  MT  NH  NY  SD  VT  WI
     WY  AB  BC  LB  MB  NB  NF  NS  NT  ON
     PE  PQ  SK  YT


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  ALPO  APIS  DENA  GLAC  ISRO
     LACL  MORR  MORU  PIRO  PIPE  SLBE
     VOYA  WRST  YELL  YUCH


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
   15  Black Hills Uplift


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce -fir forest
   K102  Beach - maple forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    18  Paper birch
    21  Eastern white pine
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    27  Sugar maple
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white cedar
    38  Tamarack
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
   107  White spruce
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   251  White spruce - aspen
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce - paper birch


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Climax white spruce forests are widespread across Alaska and
northwestern Canada.  They consist almost entirely of white spruce, but
may have scattered black spruce, paper birch (Betula papyrifera), aspen
(Populus tremuloides), and balsam poplar (P. balsamifera) present [41].
Climax stands are often broken up by extensive seral communities
resulting from forest fires.

In eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, white spruce
occurs as a climax species in pure or mixed stands.  Within the fog belt
of Quebec and Labrador, white spruce forms pure stands near the seaboard
[22].  At climax, it often codominates or forms a significant part of
the vegetation in mixed stands with red spruce (Picea rubens), balsam
fir (Abies balsamea), and black spruce.

In the Black Hills, white spruce habitat types occur at high elevations
and in cool canyon bottoms [33].  

Published classifications listing white spruce as an indicator species
or dominant part of the vegetation in habitat types (hts), community
types (cts), or ecosystem associations (eas) are presented below:

        Area                Classification          Authority

AK                         general veg. cts     Viereck & Dyrness 1980
nw AK                      general veg. cts     Hanson 1953
interior AK                postfire cts         Foote 1983
SD, WY: Black Hills        forest hts           Hoffman & Alexander 1987

AB                         general veg. cts     Moss 1955
w-c AB                     forest cts           Corns 1983
                           general veg. eas     Corns & Annas 1986
BC: Prince Rupert Forest
     Region, Interior
     Cedar-Hemlock Zone    general veg. eas     Haeussler & others 1985
    Prince Rupert Forest
     Region, Subboreal
     Spruce Zone           general veg. eas     Pojar & others 1984 

PQ: Gaspe Peninsula        forest veg. cts      Zoladeski 1988
ON                         forest eas           Jones & others 1983

Related categories for Species: Picea glauca | White Spruce