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Economy - overview:
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Bulgaria, a former communist country striving to enter the European Union, has experienced macroeconomic stability and strong growth since a major economic downturn in 1996 led to the fall of the then socialist government. As a result, the government became committed to economic reform and responsible fiscal planning. A $300 million stand-by agreement negotiated with the IMF at the end of 2001 has supported government efforts to overcome high rates of poverty and unemployment.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $49.23 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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4.8% (2002 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $6,500 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 13.7%
industry: 28.5%
services: 57.9% (2001)
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Population below poverty line:
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12.6% (2001 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 4.5%
highest 10%: 22.8% (1997)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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26.4 (2001)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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5.9% (2002 est.)
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Labor force:
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3.83 million (2000 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 26%, industry 31%, services 43% (1998 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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18% (2002 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $5.57 billion
expenditures: $5.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
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Industries:
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electricity, gas and water; food, beverages and tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel
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Industrial production growth rate:
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2% (2002 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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41.38 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 47.8%
hydro: 8.1%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 44.1%
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Electricity - consumption:
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32.52 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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6.79 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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830 million kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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603 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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94,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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8.1 million bbl (37257)
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Natural gas - production:
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4 million cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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5.804 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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5.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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3.724 billion cu m (37257)
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Agriculture - products:
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vegetables, fruits, tobacco, livestock, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets
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Exports:
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$5.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 15.5%, Germany 9.6%, Turkey 9.4%, Greece 9.2%, France 5.3%, US 4.8% (2002)
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Imports:
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$6.9 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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fuels, minerals, and raw materials; machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; food, textiles
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Imports - partners:
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Russia 14.6%, Germany 14.4%, Italy 11.4%, Greece 6.1%, France 5.7%, Turkey 5% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$10.3 billion (yearend 2002)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$300 million (2000 est.)
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Currency:
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lev (BGL)
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Currency code:
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BGN
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Exchange rates:
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leva per US dollar - 2.08 (2002), 2.18 (2001), 2.12 (2000), 1.84 (1999), 1.76 (1998)
note: on 5 July 1999, the lev was redenominated; the post-5 July 1999 lev is equal to 1,000 of the pre-5 July 1999 lev
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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