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Economy - overview:
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As one of the Four Tigers of East Asia, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and integration into the high-tech modern world economy. Three decades ago GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. Today its GDP per capita is 18 times North Korea's and equal to the lesser economies of the European Union. This success through the late 1980s was achieved by a system of close government/business ties, including directed credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-99 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model, including high debt/equity ratios, massive foreign borrowing, and an undisciplined financial sector. Growth plunged to a negative 6.6% in 1998, then strongly recovered to 10.8% in 1999 and 9.2% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.3% in 2001 because of the slowing global economy, falling exports, and the perception that much-needed corporate and financial reforms had stalled. Led by consumer spending and exports, growth in 2002 was an impressive 6.2%, despite anemic global growth, followed by moderate 2.8% growth in 2003. In 2003 the six-day work week was reduced to five days.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $941.5 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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6.3% (2002 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $19,600 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 4.4%
industry: 41.6%
services: 54% (2001 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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4% (2001 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 24.8% (1998 est.)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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31.6 (1993)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.8% (2002 est.)
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Labor force:
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22 million (2001)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 69%, industry 21.5%, agriculture 9.5% (2001)
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Unemployment rate:
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3.1% (2002 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $118.1 billion
expenditures: $95.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $22.6 billion (2000)
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Industries:
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electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel, textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing
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Industrial production growth rate:
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6.5% (2002 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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290.7 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 62.4%
hydro: 0.8%
other: 0.2% (2001)
nuclear: 36.6%
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Electricity - consumption:
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270.3 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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2.14 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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804,700 bbl/day (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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2.965 million bbl/day (2001)
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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20.92 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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21.11 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish
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Exports:
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$162.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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electronic products, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, steel, ships; textiles, clothing, footwear; fish
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Exports - partners:
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US 20.4%, China 14.7%, Japan 9.4%, Hong Kong 6.3% (2002)
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Imports:
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$148.4 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains
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Imports - partners:
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Japan 19.6%, US 15.2%, China 11.4%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$135.2 billion (yearend 2002 est.)
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Economic aid - donor:
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ODA $200 million
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Currency:
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South Korean won (KRW)
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Currency code:
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KRW
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Exchange rates:
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South Korean won per US dollar - 1,251.09 (2002), 1,290.99 (2001), 1,130.96 (2000), 1,188.82 (1999), 1,401.44 (1998)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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