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Economy - overview:
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Sudan has turned around a struggling economy with sound economic policies and infrastructure investments, but it still faces formidable economic problems, notably the low level of per capita output. From 1997 to date, Sudan has been implementing IMF macroeconomic reforms. In 1999 Sudan began exporting crude oil and in the last quarter of 1999 recorded its first trade surplus, which, along with monetary policy, has stabilized the exchange rate. Increased oil production, revived light industry, and expanded export processing zones helped maintain GDP growth at 5.1% in 2002. Agriculture production remains Sudan's most important sector, employing 80% of the work force and contributing 43% of GDP, but most farms remain rain-fed and susceptible to drought. Chronic domestic instability, lagging reforms, adverse weather, and weak world agricultural prices - but, above all, the low starting point - ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $52.9 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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5.1% (2002 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 43%
industry: 17%
services: 40% (1999 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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9.2% (2002 est.)
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Labor force:
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11 million (1996 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 7%, government 13% (1998 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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18.7% (2002 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $1.6 billion
expenditures: $1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
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Industries:
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oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
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Industrial production growth rate:
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8.5% (1999 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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2.389 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 52.1%
hydro: 47.9%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
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Electricity - consumption:
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2.222 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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209,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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50,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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631.5 million bbl (37257)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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99.11 billion cu m (37257)
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock
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Exports:
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$1.8 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
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Exports - partners:
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China 55.7%, Japan 14%, Saudi Arabia 4.9% (2002)
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Imports:
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$1.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat
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Imports - partners:
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China 19.7%, Saudi Arabia 7.4%, Germany 5.5%, India 5.5%, UK 5.4%, Indonesia 4.7%, Australia 4% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$15.8 billion (2002 est.)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$187 million (1997)
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Currency:
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Sudanese dinar (SDD)
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Currency code:
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SDD
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Exchange rates:
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Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 263.31 (2002), 258.7 (2001), 257.12 (2000), 252.55 (1999), 200.8 (1998)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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