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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Buteo swainsoni | Swainson's Hawk
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
The breeding range of the Swainson's hawk is restricted primarily to
western North America from interior Alaska and western Canada south
into northern Mexico [12,21]. The Swainson's hawk winters primarily on
the pampas of southern South America, irregularly north to Costa Rica
and Panama, and sometimes north to the southwestern United States and
southern Florida [1,12,21]. During migration the Swainson's hawk occurs
regularly in most of the central states and Canadian provinces, and
rarely, east along the Gulf Coast to Florida. It is occasionally a fall
migrant through the Florida Keys. The Swainson's hawk is occasionally
found in northeastern North America from southern Ontario, southern
Quebec, New York, and Massachusetts south to Virginia [1].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES31 Shinnery
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon-juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES40 Desert grasslands
FRES41 Wet grasslands
FRES42 Annual grasslands
STATES :
| AK |
AZ |
CA |
CO |
CT |
DE |
FL |
ID |
IL |
| IA |
KS |
LA |
MD |
MA |
MT |
NE |
NV |
NH |
| NJ |
NM |
NY |
ND |
OH |
OK |
OR |
PA |
RI |
| SD |
TN |
TX |
UT |
VA |
WA |
WY |
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K024 Juniper steppe woodland
K026 Oregon oakwoods
K027 Mesquite bosque
K030 California oakwoods
K031 Oak - juniper woodlands
K032 Transition between K031 and K037
K033 Chaparral
K034 Montane chaparral
K035 Coastal sagebrush
K037 Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K039 Blackbrush
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K041 Creosotebush
K042 Creosotebush - bursage
K043 Paloverde - cactus shrub
K044 Creosotebush - tarbush
K045 Ceniza shrub
K047 Fescue - oatgrass
K048 California steppe
K050 Fescue - wheatgrass
K051 Wheatgrass - bluegrass
K053 Grama - galleta steppe
K054 Grama - tobosa prairie
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K056 Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
K057 Galleta - three-awn shrubsteppe
K058 Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
K060 Mesquite savanna
K061 Mesquite - acacia savanna
K062 Mesquite - live oak savanna
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
K065 Grama - buffalograss
K066 Wheatgrass - needlegrass
K067 Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
K068 Wheatgrass - grama - buffalograss
K069 Bluestem - grama prairie
K070 Sandsage - bluestem prairie
K071 Shinnery
K072 Sea oats prairie
K074 Bluestem prairie
K075 Nebraska Sandhills prairie
K076 Blackland prairie
K077 Bluestem - sacahuista prairie
K083 Cedar glades
K085 Mesquite - buffalograss
K086 Juniper - oak savanna
K087 Mesquite - oak savanna
K088 Fayette prairie
SAF COVER TYPES :
66 Ashe juniper - redberry (Pinchot) juniper
67 Mohrs (shin) oak
68 Mesquite
203 Balsam poplar
217 Aspen
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
221 Red alder
222 Black cottonwood - willow
233 Oregon white oak
235 Cottonwood - willow
236 Bur oak
238 Western juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper
240 Arizona cypress
241 Western live oak
242 Mesquite
246 California black oak
249 Canyon live oak
250 Blue oak - Digger pine
252 Paper birch
255 California coast live oak
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT COMMUNITIES :
The Swainson's hawk breeds in open grasslands, sagebrush (Artemisia
spp.), shrub-steppe, oak (Quercus spp.) woodlands, open pine (Pinus
spp.)-oak woodlands, pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp.-Juniperus spp.)
woodlands, and cultivated lands [1,3,6,16,40]. In California the
Swainson's hawk favors open blue oak (Quercus douglasii) savannahs and
gray pine (Pinus sabiniana)-oak woodlands [35]. In the Central Valley
of California, populations of Swainson's hawks frequently nest and roost
in riparian communities dominated by valley oak (Quercus lobata),
cottonwoods (Populus spp.), California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), and
willows (Salix spp.) [22,33]. Foraging habitat for Swainson's hawks in
California includes native grassland communities of oat (Avena spp.),
brome grass (Bromus spp.), ryegrass (Elymus spp. and Lolium spp.), and
barley (Critesion spp.) [33]. West of Laramie, Wyoming, Dunkle [15]
reported that breeding habitat of the Swainson's hawk included irrigated
sedge meadows, shortgrass plains with some sagebrush, and black
greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) [15].
In the Great Basin, the Swainson's hawk is often found nesting in
juniper-sagebrush and prairie habitats [33]. In Arizona, theSwainson's
hawk generally occurs in sparse semidesert grasslands, plains
grasslands, Great Basin grasslands, and Chihuahuan Desert scrub often
mixed with a few species of shrubs including yucca (Yucca spp.),
creosotebush (Larrea divaricata), mesquite (Prosopis spp.), and fourwing
saltbrush (Atriplex canescens). In New Mexico and Texas, breeding
Swainson's hawk occur in various types of grasslands including
grasslands with sand shinnery oak (Q. havardii), and are occasionally
found in Chihuahuan Desert scrub. In Oklahoma, Swainson's hawk breed
primarily in grasslands [6].
The Swainson's hawk sometimes nests in intensively cultivated areas
[4,5,20]. Of the large raptors breeding in northern Colorado, only the
Swainson's hawk regularly nested near cultivated lands [20].
REFERENCES :
NO-ENTRY
Related categories for Wildlife Species: Buteo swainsoni
| Swainson's Hawk
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