WILDLIFE DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
WILDLIFE SPECIES: Lepus californicus | Black-Tailed Jackrabbit 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Black-tailed jackrabbit is the most widely distributed jackrabbit (Lepus
spp.) in North America [13].  Native black-tailed jackrabbit populations
occur from central Washington east to Missouri and south to Baja
California Sur and Zacatecas [24].  Black-tailed jackrabbit distribution
is currently expanding eastward in the Great Plains at the expense of
white-tailed jackrabbit [31].  Black-tailed jackrabbit has been
successfully introduced in southern Florida and along the coastline in
Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia [13,24].

Distribution of subspecies occurring entirely or partially in the United
States is as follows [42]:

L. c. bennettii - coastal southern California to Baja California Norte
L. c. californicus - coastal Oregon to coastal and Central Valley California
L. c. deserticola - southern Idaho to Sonora
L. c. eremicus - central Arizona to Sonora
L. c. melanotis - South Dakota to Iowa, Missouri, and central Texas
L. c. merriami - south-central and southeastern Texas to Tamaulipas
L. c. richardsonii - central California
L. c. texianus - southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado to Zacatecas
L. c. wallawalla - eastern Washington to northeastern California and
                   northwestern Nevada



ECOSYSTEMS : 
FRES13 Loblolly-shortleaf pine
FRES16 Oak-gum-cypress
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir-spruce
FRES24 Hemlock-Sitka spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES27 Redwood
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES31 Shinnery
FRES32 Texas savanna
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon-juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES40 Desert grasslands
FRES41 Wet grasslands
FRES42 Annual grasslands


STATES : 


 	
AZ
    
AR
    
CA
    
CO
    
FL
    
ID
    
IA
    
KS
    
MD
    
MT
    
MO


    
NE
    
NV
    
NJ
    
NM
    
OK
    
OR
    
SD
    
TX
    
UT
    
VA
    
WA
    
WY




    
MEXICO




BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce-cedar-hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar-hemlock-Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir-Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir-hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K007  Red fir forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine-subalpine forest
   K009  Pine-cypress forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K018  Pine-Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest 
   K022  Great Basin pine forest
   K023  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K025  Alder-ash forest
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K027  Mesquite bosque
   K028  Mosaic of K002 and K026
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest
   K030  California oakwoods
   K031  Oak-juniper woodlands
   K032  Transition between K031 and K037
   K033  Chaparral
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K035  Coastal sagebrush
   K037  Mountain-mahogany-oak scrub
   K038  Great Basin sagebrush
   K039  Blackbrush
   K040  Saltbush-greasewood
   K041  Creosotebush
   K042  Creosotebush-bursage
   K043  Paloverde-cactus shrub
   K044  Creosotebush-tarbush
   K045  Ceniza shrub
   K047  Fescue-oatgrass
   K048  California steppe
   K050  Fescue-wheatgrass
   K051  Wheatgrass-bluegrass
   K053  Grama-galleta steppe
   K054  Grama-tobosa prairie
   K056  Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
   K057  Galleta-three-awn shrubsteppe
   K058  Grama-tobosa shrubsteppe
   K059  Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
   K060  Mesquite savanna
   K061  Mesquite-acacia savanna
   K062  Mesquite-live oak savanna
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass
   K065  Grama-buffalograss
   K066  Wheatgrass-needlegrass
   K067  Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
   K068  Wheatgrass-grama-buffalograss
   K069  Bluestem-grama prairie
   K070  Sandsage-bluestem prairie
   K071  Shinnery
   K074  Bluestem prairie
   K075  Nebraska Sandhills prairie
   K076  Blackland prairie
   K077  Bluestem-sacahuista prairie
   K081  Oak savanna
   K083  Cedar glades
   K085  Mesquite-buffalograss
   K086  Juniper-oak savanna
   K087  Mesquite-oak savanna
   K088  Fayette prairie


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    66  Ashe juniper-redberry (Pinchot) juniper
    67  Mohrs (shin) oak
    68  Mesquite
   205  Mountain hemlock
   207  Red fir
   209  Bristlecone pine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   219  Limber pine
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   221  Red alder
   222  Black cottonwood-willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock-Sitka spruce
   226  Coastal true fir-hemlock
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   230  Douglas-fir-western hemlock
   231  Port-Orford-cedar
   232  Redwood
   233  Oregon white oak
   234  Douglas-fir-tanoak-Pacific madrone
   235  Cottonwood-willow
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   238  Western juniper
   239  Pinyon-juniper
   240  Arizona cypress
   241  Western live oak
   242  Mesquite
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   246  California black oak
   247  Jeffrey pine
   248  Knobcone pine
   249  Canyon live oak
   250  Blue oak-foothills pine
   255  California coast live oak
   256  California mixed subalpine


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
   101  Bluebunch wheatgrass
   102  Idaho fescue
   103  Green fescue
   104  Antelope bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   105  Antelope bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   106  Bluegrass scabland
   107  Western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass
   109  Ponderosa pine shrubland
   110  Ponderosa pine-grassland
   201  Blue oak woodland
   202  Coast live oak woodland
   203  Riparian woodland
   204  North coastal shrub
   205  Coastal sage shrub
   206  Chamise chaparral
   207  Scrub oak mixed chaparral
   208  Ceanothus mixed chaparral
   209  Montane shrubland
   210  Bitterbrush
   211  Creosotebush scrub
   212  Blackbush
   214  Coastal prairie
   215  Valley grassland
   301  Bluebunch wheatgrass-blue grama
   303  Bluebunch wheatgrass-western wheatgrass
   304  Idaho fescue-bluebunch wheatgrass
   305  Idaho fescue-Richardson needlegrass
   306  Idaho fescue-slender wheatgrass
   307  Idaho fescue-threadleaf sedge
   309  Idaho fescue-western wheatgrass
   310  Needle-and-thread-blue grama
   312  Rough fescue-Idaho fescue
   314  Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   315  Big sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   316  Big sagebrush-rough fescue
   317  Bitterbrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   318  Bitterbrush-Idaho fescue
   319  Bitterbrush-rough fescue
   320  Black sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
   321  Black sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   322  Curlleaf mountain-mahogany-bluebunch wheatgrass
   323  Shrubby cinquefoil-rough fescue
   324  Threetip sagebrush-Idaho fescue
   401  Basin big sagebrush
   402  Mountain big sagebrush
   403  Wyoming big sagebrush
   404  Threetip sagebrush
   405  Black sagebrush
   406  Low sagebrush
   407  Stiff sagebrush
   408  Other sagebrush types
   409  Tall forb
   411  Aspen woodland
   412  Juniper-pinyon woodland
   413  Gambel oak
   414  Salt desert shrub
   415  Curlleaf mountain-mahogany
   416  True mountain-mahogany
   417  Littleleaf mountain-mahogany
   419  Bittercherry
   420  Snowbrush
   421  Chokecherry-serviceberry-rose
   422  Riparian
   501  Saltbush-greasewood
   502  Grama-galleta
   503  Arizona chaparral
   504  Juniper-pinyon pine woodland
   505  Grama-tobosa shrub
   506  Creosotebush-bursage
   507  Palo verde-cactus
   508  Creosotebush-tarbush
   509  Transition between oak-juniper woodland and mahogany-oak association
   601  Bluestem prairie
   602  Bluestem-prairie sandreed
   603  Prairie sandreed-needlegrass
   604  Bluestem-grama prairie
   605  Sandsage prairie
   606  Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
   607  Wheatgrass-needlegrass
   608  Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass
   609  Wheatgrass-grama
   610  Wheatgrass
   611  Blue grama-buffalograss
   612  Sagebrush-grass
   613  Fescue grassland
   614  Crested wheatgrass
   615  Wheatgrass-saltgrass-grama
   701  Alkali sacaton-tobosagrass
   702  Black grama-alkali sacaton
   703  Black grama-sideoats grama
   704  Blue grama-western wheatgrass
   705  Blue grama-galleta
   706  Blue grama-sideoats grama
   707  Blue grama-sideoats grama-black grama
   708  Bluestem-dropseed
   709  Bluestem-grama
   710  Bluestem prairie
   711  Bluestem-sacahuista prairie
   712  Galleta-alkali sacaton
   713  Grama-muhly-threeawn
   714  Grama-bluestem
   715  Grama-buffalograss
   716  Grama-feathergrass
   717  Little bluestem-Indiangrass-Texas wintergrass
   718  Mesquite-grama
   719  Mesquite-liveoak-seacoast bluestem
   720  Sand bluestem-little bluestem (dunes)
   721  Sand bluestem-little bluestem (plains)
   722  Sand sagebrush-mixed prairie
   724  Sideoats grama-New Mexico feathergrass-winterfat
   725  Vine mesquite-alkali sacaton
   728  Mesquite-granjeno-acacia
   727  Mesquite-buffalograss
   729  Mesquite
   730  Sand shinnery oak
   733  Juniper-oak
   734  Mesquite-oak
   735  Sideoats grama-sumac-juniper
   802  Missouri prairie
   803  Missouri glades


PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
The black-tailed jackrabbit occupies plant communities with a mixture of
shrubs, grasses, and forbs.  Shrubland-herb mosaics are preferred over
pure stands of shrubs or herbs [19].  Black-tailed jackrabbit is common
in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) [55,60], creosotebush (Larrea tridentata)
[21,57], and other desert shrublands [22,29,37]; palouse, shortgrass,
and mixed-grass prairies; desert grassland [9,29,62]; open-canopy
chaparral [1,4,80]; oak (Quercus spp.) [3,43] and pinyon-juniper
(Pinus-Juniperus spp.) [16,24] woodlands; and early seral, low- to
mid-elevation coniferous forests [39,80].  It is also common in and near
croplands, especially alfalfa (Medicago sativa) fields [24].


REFERENCES : 
NO-ENTRY

Related categories for Wildlife Species: Lepus californicus | Black-Tailed Jackrabbit