References for species: Ursus americanus

1. Alt, Gary L.; Matula, George J.; Alt, Floyd W.; Lindzey, James S. 1980. Dynamics of home range and movements of adult black bears in northeastern Pennsylvania. In: Martinka, Clifford J.; McArthur, Katherine L., eds. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 4th international conference on bear research and management; 1977 February 21-24; Kalispell, MT. Conference Series No. 3. Washington, DC ?: Bear Biology Association: 131-136. [14752]

2. Amstrup, Steven C.; Beecham, John. 1976. Activity patterns of radio-collared black bears in Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management. 40(2): 340-348. [9505]

3. Asherin, Duane A. 1973. Prescribed burning effects on nutrition, production and big game use of key northern Idaho browse species. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho. 96 p. Dissertation. [360]

4. Beeman, Larry E.; Pelton, Michael R. 1980. Seasonal foods and feeding ecology of black bears in the Smoky Mountains. In: Martinka, Clifford J.; McArthur, Katherine L., eds. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 4th international conference on bear research and management; 1977 February 21-24; Kalispell, MT. Conference Series No. 3. Washington, DC ?: Bear Biology Association: 141-147. [14753]

5. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]

6. Books, David J. 1972. Little Sioux Burn: year two. Naturalist. 23(3&4): 2-7. [11550]

7. Burt, William H.; Grossenheider, Richard P. 1976. A field guide to the mammals. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. 289 p. [13685]

8. Edwards, R. Y. 1954. Fire and the decline of a mountain caribou herd. Journal of Wildlife Management. 18(4): 521-526. [8394]

9. Elowe, Kenneth D.; Dodge, Wendell E. 1989. Factors affecting black bear reproductive success and cub survival. Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(4): 962-968. [10339]

10. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]

11. Folk, G. Edgar Jr.; Hunt, Jill M.; Folk, Mary A. 1980. Further evidence for hibernation of bears. In: Martinka, Clifford J.; McArthur, Katherine L., eds. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 4th international conference on bear research and management; 1977 February 21-24; Kalispell, MT. Conference Series No. 3. Washington, DC ?: Bear Biology Association: 43-47. [14750]

12. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]

13. Gill, R. Bruce; Beck, Thomas D. I. 1990. Black bear management plan: 1990-1995. Division Report No. 15; DOW-R-D-15-90. Denver, CO: Department of Natural Resources, Colorado Division of Wildlife. 44 p. [17020]

14. Graber, David M.; White, Marshall. 1983. Black bear food habits in Yosemite National Park. In: Meslow, E. Charles, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 5th international conference on bear research and management; 1980 February 10-13; Madison, WI. [Place of publication unknown]. International Association for Bear Research and Management: 1-10. [14762]

15. Young, D. D.; Beecham, J. J. 1986. Black bear habitat use at Priest Lake, Idaho. In: Zager, Peter, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, International conference on bear research and management; 1983 February; Grand Canyon, AZ. [Place of publication unknown]: International Association forBear Research and Management: 73-80. [14756]

16. Hall, Ivan V.; Shay, Jennifer, M. 1981. The biological flora of Canada. 3. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd. Supplementary Account. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 95(4): 434-464. [9125]

17. Hamilton, Robert J.; Marchinton, R. Larry. 1980. Denning and related activity of black bears in the coastal plain of North Carolina. In: Martinka, Clifford J.; McArthur, Katherine L., eds. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 4th international conference on bear research and management; 1977 February 21-24; Kalispell, MT. Conference Series No. 3. Washington, DC ?: Bear Biology Association: 121-126. [14751]

18. Hannah, Peter R. 1987. Regeneration methods for oaks. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. 4: 97-101. [3728]

19. Hanson, William A. 1979. Preliminary results of the Bear Creek fire effects studies. Proposed open file report. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage District Office. 83 p. [6400]

20. Heinselman, Miron L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research. 3: 329-382. [282]

21. Hatler, David F. 1972. Food habits of black bears in interior Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 86(1): 17-31. [10389]

22. Hugie, Roy Dean. 1982. Black bear ecology and management in the northeastern conifer-deciduous forests of Maine. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 203 p. Dissertation. [14904]

23. Irwin, Larry L.; Hammond, Forrest M. 1985. Managing black bear habitats for food items in Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 13: 477-483. [3034]

24. Jonkel, Charles J.; Cowan, Ian McT. 1971. The black bear in the spruce-fir forest. Wildlife Monographs. 27: [9912]

25. Jonkel, Charles. 1978. Black, brown (grizzly) and polar bears. In: Schmidt, John L.; Gilbert, Douglas L., eds. Big game of North America. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books: 227-248. [14702]

26. Jorgensen, Carole J. 1983. Bear-sheep interactions, Targhee National Forest. In: Meslow, E. Charles, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 5th international conference on bear research and management; 1980 February 10-13; Madison, WI. [Place of publication unknown]. International Association for Bear Research and Management: 191-200. [14764]

27. Kelleyhouse, David G. 1980. Habitat utilization by black bears in northern California. In: Martinka, Clifford J.; McArthur, Katherine L., eds. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 4th international conference on bear research and management; 1977 February 21-24; Kalispell, MT. Conference Series No. 3. Washington, DC ?: Bear Biology Association: 221-227. [14755]

28. Kendall, Katherine C. 1980. Use of pine nuts by grizzly and black bears in the Yellowstone area. Int. Conf. Bear Research and Management. 5: 166-173. [8385]

29. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. United States [Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States]. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 1:3,168,000; colored. [3455]

30. Landers, J. Larry. 1987. Prescribed burning for managing wildlife in southeastern pine forests. In: Dickson, James G.; Maughan, O. Eugene, eds. Managing southern forests for wildlife and fish: a proceedings; [Date of conference unknown]; [Location of conference unknown]. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-65. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 19-27. [11562]

31. Lindzey, Frederick G.; Meslow, E. Charles. 1977. Home range and habitat use by black bears in southwestern Washington. Journal of Wildlife Management. 41: 413-425. [14902]

32. Manville, Albert M. 1983. Human impact on black bear in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. In: Meslow, E. Charles, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 5th international conference on bear research and management; 1980 February 10-13; Madison, WI. [Place of publication unknown]. International Association for Bear Research and Management: 20-33. [14763]

33. Martin, Patricia A. E. 1979. Productivity and taxonomy of the Vaccinium globulare, V. membranaceum complex in western Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 136 p. Thesis. [9130]

34. Meagher, Mary; Phillips, Jerry R. 1983. Restoration of natural populations of grizzly and black bears in Yellowstone National Park. In: Meslow, E. Charles, ed. Bears: their biology and management: Proceedings, 5th international conference of bear research and management; 1980; Madison, WI. [Place of publication unknown]: International Association for Bear Researchand Management: 152-158. [17018]

35. Mitchell, Glenn E. 1950. Wildlife-forest relationships in the Pacific Northwest region. Journal of Forestry. 48: 26-30. [6923]

36. Mollohan, Cheryl M.; LeCount, Albert L. 1989. Problems of maintaining a viable black bear population in a fragmented forest. In: Tecle, Aregai; Covington, W. Wallace; Hamre, R. H., technical coordinators. Multiresource management of ponderosa pine forests: Proceedings of the symposium; 1989 November 14-16; Flagstaff, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-185. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 149-159. [11313]

37. Pelchat, Brian O.; Ruff, Robert L. 1986. Habitat and spatial relationships of black bears in boreal mixedwood forests of Alberta. In: Zager, Peter, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, International conference on bear research and management; 1983 February; Grand Canyon, AZ. [Place of publication unknown]: International Association forBear Research and Management: 81-92. [14757]

38. Pelton, Michael R.; Beeman, Larry E.; Eager, Daniel C. 1980. Den selection by black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. In: Martinka, Clifford J.; McArthur, Katherine L., eds. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, 4th international conference on bear research and management; 1977 February 21-24; Kalispell, MT. Conference Series No. 3. Washington, DC ?: Bear Biology Association: 149-151. [14754]

39. Pelton, Michael R. 1987. Black bear. In: Chapman, Joseph A.; Feldhamer, George A., eds. Wild mammals of North America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press: 504-514. [14761]

40. Rogers, Lynn. 1976. Effects of mast and berry crop failures on survival, growth, and reproductive success of black bears. Transactions, North American Wildlife Conference. 41: 431-438. [8951]

41. Rogers, Lynn L.; Allen, Arthur W. 1987. Habitat suitability index models: Black bear, upper Great Lakes region. Biol. Rep. 82 (10.144). Washingtion D. C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 54 p. [11711]

42. McCune, Bruce. 1982. Site, history and forest dynamics in the Bitterroot canyons, Montana. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. 166 p. Thesis. [7232]

43. Unsworth, James W.; Beecham, John J.; Irby, Lynn R. 1989. Female black bear habitat use in west-central Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management. 53(3): 668-673. [8407]

44. Wathen, William G.; Johnson, Kenneth G.; Pelton, Michael R. 1986. Characteristics of black bear dens in the southern Appalachian region. In: Zager, Peter, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, International conference on bear research and management; 1983 February; Grand Canyon, AZ. [Place of publication unknown]: International Association forBear Research and Management: 119-127. [14758]

45. Young, Donald D. 1984. Black bear habitat use at Priest Lake, Idaho. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 66 p. Thesis. [14903]

46. Young, D. D.; Beecham, J. J. 1986. Black bear habitat use at Priest Lake, Idaho. In: Zager, Peter, ed. Bears--their biology and management: Proceedings, International conference on bear research and management; 1983 February; Grand Canyon, AZ. [Place of publication unknown]: International Association forBear Research and Management: 73-80. [14756]

47. Wood, Don A., compiler. 1994. Official lists of endangered & potentially endangered fauna and flora in Florida. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission. 22 p. [24196]

48. South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. 1994. Fragile legacy: Endangered, threatened and rare animals of South Dakota. Pierre, SD: South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, Wildlife Division. 55 p. [24341]

49. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; animal candidate review for listing as endangered or threatened species; proposed rule. 50 CFR Part 17. Tuesday, November 15, 1994. Federal Register. 59(219): 58982-59028. [24357]

50. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. 50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 42 p. [24413]

Related categories for | Black Bear