DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Echinochloa crus-galli | Barnyard Grass 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Barnyard grass is a weed of Eurasian origin that occurs throughout the
continental United States.  It is also found in southern Canada from
British Columbia east to Novia Scotia [19,27,39,57,63].



ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES31  Shinnery
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands


STATES : 
     AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  FL  GA  HI  ID  IL
     IN  IA  KS  KY  LA  ME  MD  MA  MI  MN
     MS  MO  MT  NE  NV  NH  NJ  NM  NY  NC
     ND  OH  OK  OR  PA  SC  SD  TN  TX  UT
     VT  VA  WA  WV  WI  WY  DC  AB  BC  MB
     NB  NS  ON  PQ  SK  MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  ALPO  ARCH  BADL  BIBE  BICY
     BITH  BICA  BUFF  CACH  CALO  CARE
     CACA  CATO  CHIR  COLO  COLM  COSW
     DEVA  DEWA  EFMO  EVER  FIIS  FOBO
     FODO  GATE  GETT  GWMP  GLAC  GLCA
     GRCA  GRSM  GUMO  GUIS  HALE  INDU
     JELA  JODA  JOTR  LAME  LAMR  MACA
     MOCA  NATR  NERI  NOCA  OBRI  OLYM
     ORPI  OZAR  RICH  ROCR  SAMO  SHEN
     THRO  WICA


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K048  California steppe


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    22  White pine - hemlock
    23  Eastern hemlock
    28  Black cherry - maple
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    55  Northern red oak
    57  Yellow-poplar
    58  Yellow-poplar - eastern hemlock
    59  Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
    63  Cottonwood
    67  Mohrs (shin) oak
   110  Black oak
   217  Aspen
   235  Cottonwood - willow


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
In the Sacramento Valley of California, barnyard grass occurs in wetland
communities with swamp grass (Crypsis schoenoides) and bearded
sprangletop (Leptochloa fascicularis) [47].

Barnyard grass is found in the southern High Plains region of northern
Texas and southern New Mexico.  In this region, it is codominant with
red sprangletop (L. filiformis) in wet meadow and prairie communities
and is also found in shinnery communities [4,5].

Barnyard grass occurs in temporarily flooded palustrine wetlands of the
northern prairie and plains communities [26,83].  

In eastern Colorado and western Kansas, barnyard grass occurs in the
plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides) riparian zone.  Common associates
include saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), sandbar willow (Salix exigua),
and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) [38,60].  Barnyard grass is
also a member of saltcedar and willow-cottonwood communities in Arizona
[55].  

Barnyard grass is the dominant species in some wetlands of North Dakota.
Common associates include water plantain (Alisma triviale), American
slough grass (Beckmannia syzigachne), needle spikerush (Eleocharis
acicularis), hedge hyssop (Gratiola neglecta), and pale smartweed
(Polygonum lapathifolium) [16,63].  

In South Dakota, barnyard grass occurs in mixed-grass prairie dominated
by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides),
western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), and needlegrass (Stipa spp.).
Other associates include needleleaf sedge (Carex eleocharis), Sandberg
bluegrass (Poa secunda), sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), and
little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) [37,71].  In tallgrass
prairies of northeast Kansas, barnyard grass occurs in communities
dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var.  gerardii), little
bluestem, and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) [14].

At Gettysburg National Military Park in Pennsylvania, barnyard grass
occurs in a variety of forest cover types as an understory species.
Species associated with barnyard grass not previously mentioned include
white ash (Fraxinus americana), mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa),
shagbark hickory (C. ovata), black walnut (Juglans nigra), eastern
redbud (Cercis canadensis), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida),
sassafrass (Sassafrass albidum), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) [85].

Related categories for Species: Echinochloa crus-galli | Barnyard Grass