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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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REFERENCES
SPECIES: Collema tenax | Black Lichen
REFERENCES :
1. Ahmadjian, V.; Hale, M. E. 1973. The lichens. New York: Academic Press.
697 p. [18880]
2. Ahti, T.; Hepburn, T. L. 1967. Preliminary studies on woodland caribou
range, especially on lichen stands, in Ontario. Res. Rep. (Wildlife) No.
74. Toronto, ON: Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Research
Branch. 134 p. [13294]
3. Anderson, David C.; Harper, Kimball T.; Holmgren, Ralph C. 1982. Factors
influencing development of Cryptogamic soil crusts in Utah deser
deserts. Journal of Range Management. 35(2): 180-185. [5498]
4. Anderson, David C.; Harper, K. T.; Rushforth, S. R. 1982. Recovery of
cryptogamic soil crusts from grazing on Utah winter ranges. Journal of
Range Management. 35(3): 355-359. [5304]
5. Auclair, A. N. D. 1983. The role of fire in lichen-dominated tundra and
forest-tundra. In: Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds. The role of
fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Scope 18. New York: John Wiley
& Sons: 235-256. [18510]
6. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
7. Boissiere, Jean-Claude; Boissiere, Marie-Claude; Champion-Arnaud,
Patrick; Lallemant, Richard. 1987. The biological cycle of Nostoc in the
genera Peligera and Collema cultured in-vitro and in the lichen thallus.
Canadian Journal of Botany. 65: 1468-1477. [21792]
8. Brotherson, Jack D.; Rushforth, Samuel R.; Johansen, Jeffrey R. 1983.
Effects of long-term grazing on cryptogram crust cover in Navajo Nationa
National Monument, Ariz. Journal of Range Management. 36(5): 579-581.
[21581]
9. Duncan, U. K. 1959. A guide to the study of lichens. Arbroath: T. Buncle
& Co. Ltd., Printers & Publishers. 164 p. [18878]
10. Egan, R. S. 1987. A fifth checklist of lichens of the United States and
Canada. Bryologist. 90(2): 77-173. [21366]
11. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
12. Fink, B. 1935. The lichen flora of the United States. Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan Press. 426 p. [18877]
13. Foote, M. Joan. 1983. Classification, description, and dynamics of plant
communities after fire in the taiga of interior Alaska. Res. Pap.
PNW-307. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 108 p. [7080]
14. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
15. Hale, M. E., Jr. 1969. How to know the lichens. Dubuque, IA: W. M. C.
Brown Company Publishers. 226 p. [21367]
16. Hale, Mason E., Jr.; Culberson, William Louis. 1970. A fourth checklist
of the lichens of the continental United States and Canada. Bryologist.
73(3): 499-543. [19940]
17. Johansen, Jeffrey R.; St. Clair, Larry L. 1986. Croptogramic soil
crusts: recovery from grazing near Camp Floyd State P Park, Utah, USA.
Great Basin Naturalist. 46(4): 632-640. [21579]
18. Johansen, Jeffrey R.; St. Clair, Larry L.; Webb, Bruce L.; Nebeker, Glen
T. 1984. Recovery patterns of cryptogramic soil crusts in desert
rangelands l following fire disturbance. Bryologist. 87(3): 238-243.
[21629]
19. Kleiner, Edgar F. 1983. Successional trends in an ungrazed, arid
grassland over a decade. Journal of Range Management. 36(1): 114-118.
[21578]
20. Kleiner, E. F.; Harper, K. T. 1972. Environment and community
organization in grasslands of Canyonlands National Park. Ecology. 53(2):
299-309. [6371]
21. Kleiner, Edgar F.; Harper, K. T. 1977. Soil properties in relation to
cryptogramic groundcover in Canyonlands National Park. Journal of Range
Management. 30(3): 202-205. [21630]
22. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
23. Looman, J. 1964. The distribution of some lichen communities in the
prairie provinces and adjacent parts of the Great Plains. Bryologist.
67: 209-224. [21793]
24. Lutz, H. J. 1953. The effects of forest fires on the vegetation of
interior Alaska. Juneau, AK: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 36 p.
[7076]
25. McCune, Bruce. 1982. Lichens of the Swan Valley, Montana. Bryologist.
85(1): 13-21. [21743]
26. Nelson, Deanna R.; Harper, Kimball T. 1991. Site characteristics and
habitat requirements of the endangered dwarf bear-claw poppy (Arctomecon
humilis Coville, Papaveraceae). Great Basin Naturalist. 51(2): 167-175.
[16569]
27. McArthur, E. Durant; Welch, Bruce, L., compilers. 1986.
Proceedings--symposium on the biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus;
1984 July 9-13; Provo, UT. General Technical Report INT-200. Ogden, UT:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station; 1986. 398 p. [1582]
28. Seward, M. R. D., ed. 1977. Lichen ecology. London, NY: Academis Press.
550 p. [21576]
29. Sheridan, Richard P. 1979. Impact of emissions from coal-fired
electricity generating facilities on N2-fixing lichens. Bryologist.
82(1): 54-58. [20487]
30. St. Clair, Larry L.; Johansen, Jeffrey R. 1985. Rapid reestablishment of
cryptogamic soil crusts after fire through use of a soil crust slurry.
Journal of Phycology. 21(supl): 10. [21794]
31. St. Clair, Larry L.; Johansen, Jeffrey R.; Rushforth, Samuel R. 1993.
Lichens of soil crust communities in the Intermountain area of the
western United States. Great Basin Naturalist. 53(1): 5-12. [21050]
32. Thomson, J. W. 1984. American arctic lichens. I. The macrolichens. New
York: Columbia University Press. 504 p. [21371]
33. Wetmore, Clifford M. 1976. Macrolichens of Big Bend National Park,
Texas. Bryologist. 79: 296-313. [21796]
34. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey. [n.d.].
NPLichen: A National Park Service lichen data base. Madison, WI: U.S.
Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey, Wisconsin
Cooperative Research Unit, Institute for Environmental Studies,
University of Wisconsin-Madison. [23373]
Related categories for Species: Collema tenax
| Black Lichen
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