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You are here >1Up Info > Wildlife, Animals, and Plants > Plant Species > Shrub > Species: Betula glandulosa | Bog Birch
 

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DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE

SPECIES: Betula glandulosa | Bog Birch
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : Bog birch is widely distributed from the interior of Alaska across northern Canada to Labrador and Greenland [60]. In the West, it is found from coastal British Columbia in the mountains to California and Colorado [23,63]. In the northeastern United States bog birch is found in Maine and New Hampshire [48]. Betula pumila var. glandulifera inhabits North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and much of southeastern Canada [4,17,51]. In Idaho, British Columbia, and Alberta both the type specimen of Betula glandulosa and Betula pumila var. glandulifera occur [6]. ECOSYSTEMS : FRES11 Spruce - fir FRES20 Douglas-fir FRES21 Ponderosa pine FRES23 Fir - spruce FRES26 Lodgepole pine FRES44 Alpine STATES : AK CA CO ID ME MT NH OR UT WA WY AB BC MB NF NT NS ON PQ SK YT ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : CRMO DENA GLAC GRTE LACL NOCA OLYM ROMO TICA VOYA WRST YELL YUCH BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 2 Cascade Mountains 4 Sierra Mountains 8 Northern Rocky Mountains 9 Middle Rocky Mountains 10 Wyoming Basin 11 Southern Rocky Mountains 16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : K008 Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest K012 Douglas-fir forest K015 Western spruce - fir forest K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest K021 Southwestern spruce - fir forest K037 Mountain mahogany - oak scrub K052 Alpine meadows and barren K093 Great Lakes spruce - forest (B. pumila var. glandulifera) K094 Conifer bog (B. pumila var. glandulifera) SAF COVER TYPES : 12 Black spruce (B. pumila var. glandulifera) 13 Black spruce - tamarack (B. pumila var. glandulifera) 38 Tamarack (B. pumila var. glandulifera) 107 White spruce 201 White spruce 202 White spruce - paper birch 203 Balsam poplar 204 Black spruce 206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir 210 Interior Douglas-fir 217 Aspen 218 Lodgepole pine 251 White spruce - aspen 252 Paper birch 253 Black spruce - white spruce 254 Black spruce - paper birch SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : NO-ENTRY HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : In the boreal forests of interior Alaska and Canada, bog birch is found in many black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (P. glauca) communities and is especially common at the western, northern, and altitudinal limit of trees [44,58,60]. In these northern environments, permafrost prevents the percolation of water, resulting in the development of muskegs, bogs, and ponds which often impede the growth of trees, but which support many low growing shrubs such as bog birch, bog-rosemary (Andromeda polifolia), dwarf arctic birch (Betula nana), and Labrador-tea (Ledum spp.) [14,60]. Over vast areas of the arctic, moist tundra is characterized by continuous and uniformly developed cottongrass (Eriophorum spp.) occasionally interspersed with shrubs including bog birch [60]. Bog birch occurs on these wet sites but may also be found on many cool and dry to mesic spruce sites where it may form a continuous tall shrub layer [14]. Near treeline bog birch often forms extensive pure stands [55] or shrubfields with alders (Alnus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) [60,61]. In southwestern Canada and the contiguous United States bog birch most often occurs on wetland sites within lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanii), or subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) forest types and is often associated with alders and willows [27,29,39,61]. Associated species: In the interior of Alaska and Canada, bog birch is often present in the understory of black and white spruce communities. Commonly associated shrubs throughout the range of this species include grayleaf willow (Salix glauca), Lemmon willow (S. lemmonii), Geyer willow (S. geyerana), Booth willow (S. boothii), thinleaf alder (Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia), green alder (A. viridis ssp. crispa), prickly rose (Rosa acicularis), Douglas spirea (Spiraea douglasii), bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), mountain cranberry (V. vitis-idaea), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), and red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) [14,29,39,43,44,61]. Commonly associated grasses and sedges include water sedge (Carex aquatilis), soft-leaved sedge (C. disperma), beaked sedge (C. rostrata), bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), and tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa) [43,44,63]. Horsetails (Equisetum spp.) and rushes (Juncus spp.) are also often found with bog birch [43,44]. Publications listing bog birch as a dominant, codominant, or indicator species include: Classification, description, and dynamics of plant communities after fire in the taiga of interior Alaska [14] Riparian dominance types of Montana [18] Plant associations of Region Two: Potential plant communities of Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, and Kansas [24] Forest vegetation of the Gunnison and parts of the Uncompahgre National Forests: a preliminary habitat type classification [28] Riparian zone associations: Deschutes, Ochoco, Fremont, and Winema National Forests [29] A physical and biological characterization of riparian habitat and its importance to wildlife in Wyoming [39 Wetland community type classification for west-central Montana [43] Ecosystem classification and interpretation of the sub-boreal spruce zone, Prince Rupert Forest Region, British Columbia [44] The Alaska vegetation classification [58]

Related categories for Species: Betula glandulosa | Bog Birch

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Information Courtesy: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Fire Effects Information System

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