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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
ABBREVIATION :
CALAME
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
CAAM2
CAAML
COMMON NAMES :
American beautyberry
Spanish-mulberry
French-mulberry
Bermuda-mulberry
sour-berry
sow-berry
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name for American beautyberry is
Callicarpa americana L. [9]. There are two recognized varieties:
var. americana and var. lactea F.J. Mull. [12].
LIFE FORM :
Shrub
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
Milo Coladonato, 1992
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Coladonato, Milo. 1992. Callicarpa americana. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
American beautyberry is widely distributed throughout the Atlantic and
Gulf coastal plains, from Virginia to Florida and west to Arkansas,
Oklahoma, and Texas. It also occurs in the West Indies [9,30]. It is
cultivated in Hawaii [37].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES12 Longleaf - slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES16 Oak - gum - cypress
STATES :
AL FL GA HI LA MS NC SC TX VA
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
BICY BITH BLRI BUFF CAHA CALO
CHCH COLO COSW CUIS EVER FOCA
GRSM GUIS HOBE HOSP JELA NATR
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
NO-ENTRY
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K090 Live oak - sea oats
K091 Cypress savanna
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
K113 Southern floodplain forest
K114 Pocosin
SAF COVER TYPES :
70 Longleaf pine
75 Shortleaf pine
76 Shortleaf pine -oak
78 Virginia pine - oak
79 Virginia pine
80 Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
81 Loblolly pine
82 Loblolly pine - hardwood
83 Longleaf pine - slash pine
85 Slash pine - hardwood
87 Sweetgum - yellow poplar
91 Swamp chestnut oak - cherrybark oak
98 Pond pine
100 Pond cypress
101 Baldcypress
102 Baldcypress - tupelo
103 Water tupelo - swamp tupelo
104 Sweetbay - swamp tupelo - redbay
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Common overstory associates of American beautyberry include sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua), sweetbay (Persea borbonia), flowering dogwood
(Cornus florida), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora), hickory
(Carya spp.), and oak (Quercus spp.). Understory associates include
sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), southern bayberry (Myrica
cerifera), hurrahbush (Lyonia lucida), greenbrier (Smilax spp.), and
fetterbush (Leucothoe racemosa) [18,24,33,34].
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
The seeds of American beautyberry are an important food source for birds
and small mammals. At least 10 species of birds feed on the fruit,
especially northern bobwhite. The fruit is also eaten by raccoon,
opossum, and gray fox [30].
American beautyberry is considered one of the most desirable spring and
summer browse of white-tailed deer [1,10]. Cattle occasionally browse on
the leaves of American beautyberry [17].
PALATABILITY :
American beautyberry is highly palatable to white-tailed deer [26].
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
Seasonal percent nutrient values for American beautyberry is as follows
[26]:
April September November
protein leaves twigs leaves twigs leaves twigs
21.21 15.36 9.68 4.52 - 4.29
calcium leaves twigs leaves twigs leaves twigs
0.534 0.598 1.287 0.703 - 0.582
phosphorus leaves twigs leaves twigs leaves twigs
0.24 0.26 0.09 0.05 - 0.07
COVER VALUE :
American beautyberry provides environmental protection for a variety of
birds and small mammals along the coastal plains of the southeastern
United States [5,22].
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
American beautyberry is one of the most prevalent woody competitors of
pines in southeastern United States [2]. A combination of tebuthiuron
application and burning is an effective management practice for
controlling American beautyberry [21].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
American beautyberry is a large deciduous, bushy shrub. It is prostrate
to erect and reaches heights of 3 to 12 feet (1.0-3.5 m). The slender
stems are arched and the large leaves are opposite, with the smaller
leaves at the end of the twigs. The short tubular flowers are borne
along the twigs at the base of the leaf axils. The fruit is a berrylike
drupe containing four small nutlets [6,19,29].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Phanerophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
American beautyberry is a prolific seed producer, and the literature
suggests that regeneration from seed is its primary mode of reproduction
[22,23]. The seed is dispersed by birds [25,29]. It also regenerates
vegetatively by sprouting, although details have not been described.
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
American beautyberry grows on a variety of sites in the Atlantic and
Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States. It is mostly
restricted to climates with mild winters and long, hot, humid summers.
It grows best in clay or loamy soil but will also grow on sandy sites
[6,27,29,32].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
American beautyberry is an early- to mid-seral species that is shade
intolerant [3]. In the longleaf pine-bluestem (Pinus
palustris-Andropogon spp.) range in the Big Thicket region of eastern
Texas, American beautyberry was an early invader of openings created by
disturbance [31].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
American beautyberry flowers between June and July; the fruit ripens
from August to November [30].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
American beautyberry probably survives fire by sprouting from the root
collar. However, its primary mode of regeneration after fire is through
a seedbank [4,15].
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Tall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Severe fires can kill American beautyberry by completely removing soil
organic layers and charring the roots [11]. Low-severity fires only
top-kill plants.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
American beautyberry increases the first growing season following fire
[14]. However, density will decline as the faster growing trees and
shrubs overtop it [15].
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Twelve years of annual burning eliminated American beautyberry on a
Louisiana longleaf pine site [11].
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Callicarpa americana | American Beautyberry
REFERENCES :
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Index
Related categories for Species: Callicarpa americana
| American Beautyberry
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