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You are here >1Up Info > Wildlife, Animals, and Plants > Plant Species > Shrub > Species: Celtis reticulata | Netleaf Hackberry
 

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VALUE AND USE

SPECIES: Celtis reticulata | Netleaf Hackberry
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE : Wood of netleaf hackberry is light brown, heavy, and not easily worked [37,43]. It is used to make boxes, crates, barrels, furniture, cabinets, paneling, and miscellaneous items [23,55,65], and is used locally for fenceposts and firewood [37,72]. Early homesteaders crafted rough furniture from hackberry wood [44]. IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE : Netleaf hackberry is used extensively for food and cover by many birds and mammals [37]. Browse: On the Edwards Plateau of Texas, netleaf hackberry is a preferred white-tailed deer browse [3,15]. In parts of southern Texas, it is a major component of mule deer diets but is relatively unimportant to white-tailed deer [2]. It may be heavily utilized by deer during drought years [1] and in southern Texas receives most use during winter and spring [15]. Pronghorn commonly browse netleaf hackberry in the spring [11]. Beaver feed on hackberry wood in many areas [48]. Scrub jays commonly feed on leaf galls present on foliage of netleaf hackberry [34]. Cattle sometimes browse netleaf hackberry [59], although it is most often used on overgrazed sites where more preferred forage is unavailable [20]. Spanish goats often seek out tender young sprouts during the first year after fire [70]. Fruit: Fruit of netleaf hackberry is readily consumed by many birds [55,73]. It is considered the single most important winter bird food at the lower edge of the mountain brush zone along the Wasatch Front of northern Utah [34]. The band-tailed pigeon, Steller's jay, northern flicker, American robin, Townsend's solitaire, Bohemian waxwing, cedar waxwing, American crow, scrub jay, and rufous-sided towhee feed on this persistent berry [34,43]. It reportedly constitutes an emergency food source for avian seed eaters during January and February [62]. Many mammals, including squirrels, foxes, Barbary sheep, and coyotes, also eat netleaf hackberry fruit [43,76]. PALATABILITY : Leaves of netleaf hackberry become somewhat tough as they mature [74] and may decline in palatability to some species; however, white-tailed deer preference for this species tends to be highest in summer and fall [60,62]. In Texas, general palatability has been rated as follows [11]: Pronghorn excellent Cattle poor Domestic sheep poor Fruit of netleaf hackberry is highly palatable to many birds and mammals [48]. NUTRITIONAL VALUE : Netleaf hackberry browse in the Edwards Plateau of Texas has been rated as good in protein (14.35%), good in phosphoric acid (P2O5) (0.38%), and fair in lime (CaO) (6.27%) [26]. COVER VALUE : Netleaf hackberry provides good cover for a variety of big game species [39,43]. The dense cover of netleaf hackberry stands is favored by white-tailed deer in the Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas [49]. Southern plains woodrats use netleaf hackberry twigs to construct houses [66]. Netleaf hackberry provides nesting sites for the white-tailed raven, Swainson's hawk, scissor-tailed flycatcher, Bullock's oriole, and many doves, quail, and numerous desert songbirds [19,27,43]. Hackberries offer good hiding or resting cover for quail in many parts of the Southwest [27]. Netleaf hackberry provides much sought-after shade for domestic livestock in the Southwest and in the Snake River Drainage of Idaho [18,39]. VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES : Netleaf hackberry can be used to aid in soil stabilization on various types of disturbed sites [54,67]. It is well adapted to mountain-brush and pinyon-juniper communities [54]. Netleaf hackberry can be propagated from seed, which when cleaned, averages 4,870 per pound (10,727/kg) [8]. It can also be propagated vegetatively from stem cuttings [8]. Nursery or container stock can be transplanted onto disturbed sites with good results [54,64]. OTHER USES AND VALUES : Netleaf hackberry is well suited for use in landscaping [38]. This small shade tree is tolerant of dry sites and can be planted in yards or patios [23,64], and along streets in urban areas [23]. The shade value of netleaf hackberry was also recognized by early Native American peoples, including the Basketmakers of the Southwest [44]. Because of its tendency to grow near flowing water, this tree provided the focus for habitations such as Hovenweep and Montezuma Castle [44]. The sweet, edible fruit [37,63] was traditionally an important food source for many Native American peoples [55,72]. Today, the fruit receives only limited human use [37]. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS : Netleaf hackberry is susceptible to "witches broom" and various insect infestations [37,44,75]. Netleaf hackberry can be reduced by heavy grazing [59].

Related categories for Species: Celtis reticulata | Netleaf Hackberry

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Information Courtesy: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Fire Effects Information System

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