DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Chimaphila umbellata | Prince's Pine 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Prince's pine is a circumboreal species that is widely distributed in
the northern hemisphere.  It is found from Newfoundland to Alaska south
to California and Mexico, and east to New Mexico, Colorado, and South
Dakota.  It is also found in the eastern United States from Maine south
in the mountains to Georgia and west to Minnesota [25,44,63,67,81,82].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES13  Loblolly - shortleaf pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods


STATES : 
     AK  AZ  CA  CO  CT  DE  GA  ID  IL  IN
     IA  KY  ME  MD  MA  MI  MN  MT  NV  NH
     NJ  NM  NY  NC  OH  OR  PA  RI  SC  SD
     TN  UT  VT  VA  WA  WV  WI  WY  AB  BC
     MB  NB  NF  NT  NS  ON  PE  PQ  SK  YT
     MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     APIS  CACO  CAHA  CATO  COLO  CRLA
     CUVA  GLAC  GRCA  GRTE  ISRO  MANA
     MORA  NERI  NOCA  OLYM  PIRO  PRWI
     RICH  ROCR  ROMO  SAJH  SHEN  SLBE
     VOYA  YELL  YOSE


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K007  Red fir forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K016  Eastern ponderosa forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest 
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest
   K030  California oakwoods
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K098  Northern floodplain forest
   K099  Maple - basswood forest
   K100  Oak - hickory forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K103  Mixed mesophytic forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
   K109  Transition between K104 and K106
   K110  Northeastern oak - pine forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    14  Northern pin oak
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    19  Gray birch - red maple
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21  Eastern white pine
    22  White pine - hemlock
    23  Eastern hemlock
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26  Sugar maple - basswood
    27  Sugar maple
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    34  Red spruce - Fraser fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white-cedar
    38  Tamarack
    42  Bur oak
    45  Pitch pine
    51  White pine - chestnut oak
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    55  Northern red oak
    58  Yellow-poplar - eastern hemlock
    59  Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
    63  Cottonwood
   107  White spruce
   108  Red maple
   110  Black oak
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   207  Red fir
   208  Whitebark pine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   226  Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228  Western redcedar
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   231  Port-Orford-cedar
   232  Redwood
   233  Oregon white oak
   234  Douglas-fir - tanoak - Pacific madrone
   235  Cottonwood - willow
   236  Bur oak
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   246  California black oak
   249  Canyon live oak
   251  White spruce - aspen
   252  Paper birch
   253  Black spruce - white spruce
   254  Black spruce -  paper birch
   256  California mixed subalpine


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Prince's pine is a common understory species in many habitat types
throughout its range but often does not reach dominance.  It is found in
coniferous and mixed forests with numerous tree species.  In addition to
those already mentioned, prince's pine may occur with sugar pine (Pinus
lambertiana), giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea), and Brewer spruce (Picea
breweriana) [6,65,79].  Several publications that list prince's pine as
a dominant understory species in the western United States follow.

Description and classification of the forests of the upper Illinois
  River drainage of southwestern Oregon [6]
Preliminary plant associations of the Siskiyou Mountain Province [8]
Preliminary plant associations of the southern Oregon Cascade Mountain
  Province [7]
Terrestrial vegetation of California [66]
Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington [21]
Plant association and management guide: Willamette National Forest [37]
Plant associations of south Chiloquin and Klamath Ranger
  Districts--Winema National Forest [40]
Vegetation and fire history of a pondersosa pine-white fir forest in
   Crater Lake National Park [53]

Associated species are well described for the Northwest and include
baldhip rose (Rosa gymnocarpa), Nootka rose (R. nutkana), Greene
mountain-ash (Sorbus scopulina), common snowberry (Symphoricarpos
albus), Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), Pacific yew
(Taxus brevifolia), huckleberry (Vaccinium spp.), russet buffaloberry
(Shepherdia canadensis), spiraea (Spiraea spp.), menziesia (Menziesia
ferruginea), creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis), common juniper
(J. communis), pachistima (Pachistima myrsinites), snowbrush ceanothus
(Ceanothus velutinus), Utah honeysuckle (Lonicera utahensis), currant
(Ribes spp.), raspberry (Rubus spp.), twinflower (Linnaea borealis),
bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax),
Oregon-grape (Mahonia repens), queencup beadlily (Clintonia uniflora),
violet (Viola spp.), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), sweet-scented bedstraw
(Galium trifolium), pyrola (Pyrola spp.), oneleaf foamflower (Tiarella
unifoliata), western rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera oblongifolia),
pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens), and elk sedge (Carex geyeri)
[1,7,14,28,37].

Related categories for Species: Chimaphila umbellata | Prince's Pine