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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Purshia mexicana var. stansburiana | Stansbury Cliffrose
REFERENCES : 1. Alexander, Robert R.; Jorgensen, Kent; Plummer, A. P. 1974. Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana (Torr.) Jepsen: cliffrose. In: Schopmeyer, C. S., technical coordinator. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handb. 450. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 353-355. [6853] 2. Baisan, Christopher H.; Swetnam, Thomas W. 1990. Fire history on a desert mountain range: Rincon Mountain Wilderness, Arizona, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 20: 1559-1569. [14986] 3. Baker, William L. 1984. A preliminary classification of the natural vegetation of Colorado. Great Basin Naturalist. 44(4): 647-676. [380] 4. Bassett, R.; Larson, M.; Moir, W. 1987. Forest and woodland habitat types (plant associations) of Arizona south of the Mogollon Rim and southwestern New Mexico. 2nd Edition. Albuquerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region. [Pages unknown]. [20308] 5. Bates, Patricia A. 1983. Prescribed burning blackbrush for deer habitat improvement. Cal-Neva Wildlife Transactions. [Volume unknown]: 174-182. [4458] 6. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 7. Blackburn, Wilbert H.; Tueller, Paul T.; Eckert, Richard E., Jr. 1969. Vegetation and soils of the Pine and Mathews Canyon watersheds. Reno, NV: University of Nevada, Agricultural Experiment Station. 109 p. In cooperation with: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. [7437] 8. Blauer, A. Clyde; Plummer, A. Perry; McArthur, E. Durant; [and others]. 1975. Characteristics and hybridization of important Intermountain shrubs. I. Rose family. Res. Pap. INT-169. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 36 p. [472] 9. Boltz, Mike; Jones, Chuck; Green, Galen; Johansen, Jim. 1987. Jarbridge Resource Area: normal year fire rehab plan; greenstripping plan; sagebrush management plan. Boise, ID: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office. 179 p. [483] 10. Borland, Jim. 1988. Cowania mexicana. American Nurseryman. 168(5): 138. [25030] 11. Britton, Carlton M.; Wright, Henry A. 1983. Brush management with fire. In: McDaniel, Kirk C., ed. Proceedings--brush management symposium; 1983 February 16; Albuquerque, NM. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 61-68. [521] 12. Brotherson, J. D.; Price, K. P.; O'Rourke, L. 1987. Age in relationship to stem circumference and stem diameter in cliffrose (Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana) in central Utah. Great Basin Naturalist. 47(2): 334-338. [527] 13. Brown, David E. 1982. Great Basin montane scrubland. In: Brown, David E., ed. Biotic communities of the American Southwest--United States and Mexico. Desert Plants. 4(1-4): 83-84. [8890] 14. Brown, David E. 1982. Madrean evergreen woodland. In: Brown, David E., ed. Biotic communities of the American Southwest--United States and Mexico. Desert Plants. 4(1-4): 59-65. [8886] 15. Brown, Richard L. 1989. Effect of timber management practices on elk. In: Tecle, Aregai; Covington, W. Wallace; Hamre, R. H., technical coordinators. Multiresource management of ponderosa pine forests: Proceedings of the symposium; 1989 November 14-16; Flagstaff, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-185. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 160-164. [11314] 16. Brown, Thomas C.; Boster, Ron S. 1974. Effects of chaparral-to-grass conversion on wildfire suppression costs. Res. Pap. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 11 p. [549] 17. Cable, Dwight R. 1975. Range management in the chaparral type and its ecological basis: the status of our knowledge. Res. Pap. RM-155. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 30 p. [579] 18. Clary, Warren P. 1989. Test of RPA production coefficients and local assumptions for the pinyon-juniper ecosystem in central Utah. Res. Pap. INT-403. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculature, Forest Service. 11 p. [9292] 19. Cline, Morris G. 1960. A comparison of the root systems of bitterbrush and cliffrose. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 81 p. Thesis. [6562] 20. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905] 21. Davis, James N. 1983. Performance comparison among populations of bitterbrush, cliffrose, and bitterbrush-cliffrose crosses on study sites throughout Utah. In: Tiedemann, Arthur R.; Johnson, Kendall L., compilers. Proceedings--research and management of bitterbrush and cliffrose in western North America; 1982 April 13-15; Salt Lake City, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-152. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 38-44. [756] 22. Dayton, William A. 1931. Important western browse plants. Misc. Publ. 101. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 214 p. [768] 23. Dietz, Donald R.; Nagy, Julius G. 1976. Mule deer nutrition and plant utilization. In: Workman; Low, eds. Mule deer decline in the West: A symposium; [Date of conference unknown]; [Location of conference unknown]. [Logan], UT: College of Natural Resources, Utah Agriculture Experiment Station: 71-78. [6909] 24. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806] 25. Ferguson, Robert B. 1983. Use of rosaceous shrubs for wildland plantings in the Intermountain West. In: Monsen, Stephen B.; Shaw, Nancy, compilers. Managing Intermountain rangelands--improvement of range and wildlife habitats; Proceedings of symposia; 1981 September 15-17; Twin Falls, ID; 1982 June 22-24; Elko, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-157. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 136-149. [915] 26. Ferguson, Robert B.; Frischknecht, Neil C. 1981. Shrub establishment on reconstructed soils in semiarid areas. In: Shrub establishment on disturbed arid and semi-arid lands: Proceedings of the symposium; 1980 December 2-3; Laramie, WY. Laramie, WY: Wyoming Game and Fish Department: 57-63. [916] 27. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998] 28. Gipe, Donald. 1976. Response of range to burning. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference: Pacific Northwest; 1974 October 16-17; Portland, OR. No. 15. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 16-17. [1023] 29. Giunta, Bruce C.; Christensen, Donald R.; Monsen, Stephen B. 1975. Interseeding shrubs in cheatgrass with a browse seeder-scalper. Journal of Range Management. 28(5): 398-402. [3714] 30. Grygiel, Carolyn E; Bonham, Charles D.; Redente, Edward F. 1984. Combined effects of environmental and agronomic factors on the invasion patterns of Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. (Malvacea). Phytologia. 56(3): 145-153. [4641] 31. Hanks, Jess P.; Fitzhugh, E. Lee; Hanks, Sharon R. 1983. A habitat type classification system for ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona. Gen. Tech Rep. RM-97. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 22 p. [1072] 32. Harper, Kimball T.; Buchanan, Hayle. 1983. The ecology of shrubs in Bryce Canyon National Park with special reference to Purshia tridentata. In: Tiedemann, Arthur R.; Johnson, Kendall L., compilers. Proceedings--research and management of bitterbrush and cliffrose in western North America; 1982 April 13-15; Salt Lake City, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-152. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 91-98. [1089] 33. Hickman, James C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1400 p. [21992] 34. Holland, Robert F. 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the terrestrial natural communities of California. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Fish and Game. 156 p. [12756] 35. Horton, Howard, ed. and compiler. 1989. Interagency forage and conservation planting guide for Utah. Extension Circular 433. Logan, UT: Utah State University, Cooperative Extension Service. 67 p. [12231] 36. Humphrey, R. R. 1950. Arizona range resources. II. Yavapai County. Bull. 229. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Station. 55 p. [5088] 37. Humphrey, Robert R. 1974. Fire in the deserts and desert grassland of North America. In: Kozlowski, T. T.; Ahlgren, C. E., eds. Fire and ecosystems. New York: Academic Press: 365-400. [14064] 38. Jensen, Charles H.; Urness, Philip J. 1981. Establishing browse utilization from twig diameters. Journal of Range Management. 34(2): 113-116. [130] 39. Julander, Odell. 1937. Utilization of browse by wildlife. Transactions, 2nd North American Wildlife Conference. ?: 276-287. [25031] 40. Kartesz, John T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume II--thesaurus. 2nd ed. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 816 p. [23878] 41. Kearney, Thomas H.; Peebles, Robert H.; Howell, John Thomas; McClintock, Elizabeth. 1960. Arizona flora. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1085 p. [6563] 42. Keeley, Jon E. 1977. Fire-dependent reproductive strategies in Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus. In: Mooney, Harold A.; Conrad, C. Eugene, technical coordinators. Symposium on the environmental consequences of fire and fuel management in Mediterranean ecosystems: Proceedings; 1977 August 1-5; Palo Alto, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-3. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 391-396. [4868] 43. Koehler, Donald L.; Smith, Dale M. 1981. Hybridization between Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana and Purshia glandulosa (Rosaceae). Madrono. 28(1): 13-25. [25032] 44. Konoshima, Takao; Takasaki, Midori; Tatsumoto, Takeshi; [and others]. 1994. Inhibitory effects of cucurbitane triterpenoids on Epstein--Barr virus activation and two stage carcinogenesis of skin tumors. Biological Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 17(5): 668-671. [25033] 45. Konoshima, Takao; Kashiwada, Yoshiki; Takasaki, Madori; [and others]. 1994. Cucurbitacin F derivatives, anti-HIV principles from Cowania mexicana. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chermistry Letters. 4(11): 1323-1326. [25034] 46. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384] 47. Kunzler, L. M.; Harper, K. T. 1980. Recovery of Gambel oak after fire in central Utah. Great Basin Naturalist. 40(2): 127-130. [1389] 48. Larson, Milo; Moir, W. H. 1987. Forest and woodland habitat types (plant associations) of northern New Mexico and northern Arizona. 2d ed. Albuquerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region. 90 p. [8947] 49. Leary, Patrick J. 1988. Plant succession after fire, Hunter Mountain, Death Valley National Monument. Report No. 034/06.. Las Vegas, NV: University of Nevada, Department of Biological Sciences, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. 30 p. [14926] 50. McArthur, E. Durant; Giunta, Bruce C.; Plummer, A. Perry. 1977. Shrubs for restoration of depleted range and disturbed areas. Utah Science. 35: 28-33. [25035] 51. McArthur, E. Durant; Stutz, Howard C.; Sanderson, Stewart C. 1983. Taxonomy, distribution, and cytogenetics of Purshia, Cowania, and Fallugia (Rosoideae, Rosaceae). In: Tiedemann, Arthur R.; Johnson, Kendall L., compilers. Proceedings--research and management of bitterbrush and cliffrose in western North America; 1982 April 13-15; Salt Lake City, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-152. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 2-24. [1578] 52. McClaran, Mitchel P.; Allen, Larry S.; Ruyle, George B. 1992. Livestock production and grazing management in the encinal oak woodlands of Arizona. In: Ffolliott, Peter F.; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Bennett, Duane A.; [and others], technical coordinators. Ecology and management of oak and associated woodlands: perspectives in the sw United States & n Mexico: Proceedings; 1992 April 27-30; Sierra Vista, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-218. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 57-64. [19743] 53. McCulloch, Clay Y. 1966. Cliffrose browse yield on bulldozed pinyon-juniper areas in northern Arizona. Journal of Range Management. 19: 373-374. [131] 54. McCulloch, Clay Y. 1969. Some effects of wildfire on deer habitat in pinyon-juniper woodland. Journal of Wildlife Management. 33(4): 778-784. [1594] 55. Monsen, Stephen B. 1987. Shrub selections for pinyon-juniper plantings. In: Everett, Richard L., compiler. Proceedings--pinyon-juniper conference; 1986 January 13-16; Reno, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-215. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 316-329. [4925] 56. Monsen, Stephen B.; Davis, James N. 1985. Progress in the improvement of selected western North American rosaceous shrubs. In: Carlson, Jack R.; McArthur, E. Durant, chairmen. Range plant improvement in western North America: Proceedings of a symposium at the annual meeting of the Society for Range Management; 1985 February 14; Salt Lake City, UT. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management: 93-101. [1681] 57. Mower, Kerry J.; Smith, H. Duane. 1989. Diet similarity between elk and deer in Utah. Great Basin Naturalist. 49(4): 552-555. [9929] 58. Mozingo, Hugh N. 1987. Shrubs of the Great Basin: A natural history. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. 342 p. [1702] 59. Munz, Philip A. 1973. A California flora and supplement. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1905 p. [6155] 60. Nelson, David L. 1983. Occurrence and nature of actinorhizae on Cowania stansburiana and other Rosaceae. In: Tiedemann, Arthur R.; Johnson, Kendall L., compilers. Proceedings--research and management of bitterbrush and cliffrose in western North America; 1982 April 13-15; Salt Lake City, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-152. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 225-239. [1738] 61. Neuenschwander, L. F. [n.d.]. The fire induced autecology of selected shrubs of the cold desert and surrounding forests: A-state-of-the-art-review. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences. In cooperation with: Fire in Multiple Use Management, Research, Development, and Applications Program, Northern Forest Fire Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 30 p. Unpublished manuscript on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [1747] 62. Nord, Eamor C. 1959. Bitterbrush ecology--some recent findings. Res. Note No. 148. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 8 p. [16581] 63. Patton, David R. 1987. Habitat and wildlife relations of Rocky Mountain shrubs in ponderosa pine. In: Fisser, Herbert G., ed. Wyoming shrublands: Proceedings, 16th Wyoming shrub ecology workshop; 1987 May 26-27; Sundance, WY. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, Department of Range Management, Wyoming Shrub Ecology Workshop: 28-32. [13915] 64. Plummer, A. Perry. 1970. Plants for revegetation of roadcuts and other disturbed or eroded areas. Range Improvement Notes. [Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region]; 15(1): 1-10. [1897] 65. Plummer, A. Perry; Christensen, Donald R.; Monsen, Stephen B. 1968. Restoring big-game range in Utah. Publ. No. 68-3. Ephraim, UT: Utah Division of Fish and Game. 183 p. [4554] 66. Price, K. P.; Brotherson, J. D. 1987. Habitat and community relationships of cliffrose (Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana) in central Utah. Great Basin Naturalist. 47(1): 132-151. [169] 67. Quinones, Ferdinand A. 1980. Seed germination and production of range species for use in revegetation. Bulletin 670. Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station. 28 p. [5001] 68. Ralphs, Michael H.; Schen, David C.; Busby, Frank E. 1976. General considerations necessary in planning a prescribed burn. In: Use of prescribed burning in western woodland and range ecosystems: Proceedings of the symposium; 1976 March 18-19; Logan, UT. Logan, UT: Utah State University, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station: 49-53. [1932] 69. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843] 70. Righetti, Timothy L.; Chard, Carolyn H.; Backhaus, Ralph A. 1986. Soil and environmental factors related to nodulation in Cowania and Purshia. Plant and Soil. 91: 147-160; 1986. [1990] 71. Righetti, Timothy L.; Munns, Donald N. 1980. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in cliffrose (Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana (Torr.) Jeps.). Plant Physiology. 65(2): 411-412. [25036] 72. Sabo, David G.; Johnson, Gordon V.; Martin, William C.; Aldon, Earl F. 1979. Germination requirements of 19 species of arid land plants. Res. Pap. RM-210. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 26 p. [2047] 73. Sampson, Arthur W.; Jespersen, Beryl S. 1963. California range brushlands and browse plants. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, California Agricultural Experiment Station, Extension Service. 162 p. [3240] 74. Severson, Kieth E.; Rinne, John N. 1990. Increasing habitat diversity in Southwestern forests and woodlands via prescribed fire. In: Krammes, J. S., technical coordinator. Effects of fire management of Southwestern natural resources: Proceedings of the symposium; 1988 November 15-17; Tucson, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-191. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 94-104. [11277] 75. Shaw, N. 1984. Producing bareroot seedlings of native shrubs. In: Murphy, P. M., compiler. The challenge of producing native plants for the Intermountain area: Proceedings, Intermountain Nurseryman's Association conference; 1983 August 8-11; Las Vegas, NV. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-168. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 6-15. [6850] 76. Shiflet, Thomas N., ed. 1994. Rangeland cover types of the United States. Denver, CO: Society for Range Management. 152 p. [23362] 77. Skousen, J.; Davis, J. N.; Brotherson, Jack D. 1986. Comparison of vegetation patterns resulting from bulldozing and two-way chaining on a Utah pinyon-juniper big game range. Great Basin Naturalist. 46(3): 508-512. [2153] 78. Smith, Arthur D. 1953. Consumption of native forage species by captive mule deer during summer. Journal of Range Management. 6: 30-37. [2161] 79. Smith, Arthur D. 1957. Nutritive value of some browse plants in winter. Journal of Range Management. 10: 162-164. [2162] 80. Smith, Arthur D.; Hubbard, Richard L. 1954. Preference ratings for winter deer forages from northern Utah ranges based on browsing time and forage consumed. Journal of Range Management. 7: 262-265. [2163] 81. Springfield, H. W. 1973. Cliffrose and mountainmahogany seeds retain viability 6 years in cold storage. Res. Note RM-236. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 2 p. [43] 82. Stanton, Frank. 1974. Wildlife guidelines for range fire rehabilitation. Tech. Note 6712. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 90 p. [2221] 83. Stevens, Richard; Davis, James N. 1985. Opportunities for improving forage production in the Gambel oak types of Utah. In: Johnson, Kendall L., ed. Proceedings, 3rd Utah shrub ecology workshop; 1983 August 30-31; Provo, UT. Logan, UT: Utah State University, College of Natural Resources: 37-41. [3085] 84. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090] 85. Stutz, Howard C. 1979. The meaning of "rare" and "endangered" in the evolution of western shrubs. In: Wood, Stephen L., ed. The endangered species: a symposium: Proceedings; 1978 December 7-8; Provo, UT. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs Number 3. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University: 119-128. [3876] 86. Stutz, Howard C. 1982. Broad gene pools required for disturbed lands. In: Aldon, Earl F.; Oaks, Wendall R., eds. Reclamation of mined lands in the Southwest: a symposium: Proceedings; 1982 October 20-22; Albuquerque, NM. Albuquerque, NM: Soil Conservation Society of America, New Mexico Chapter: 113-118. [2282] 87. Stutz, Howard C.; Thomas, L. Kay. 1964. Hybridization and introgression in Cowania and Purshia. Evolution. 18: 183-195. [88] 88. Suminski, Rita R. 1993. Management implications for mule deer winter range in northern pinon-juniper. In: Aldon, Earl F.; Shaw, Douglas W., technical coordinators. Managing pinon-juniper ecosystems for sustainability and social needs: Proceedings; 1993 April 26-30; Santa Fe, NM. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-236. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 133-139. [22864] 89. Summerfield, Harry B., Jr. 1976. Effects of prescribed burning on watershed conditions. 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Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 80 p. [3426] 95. Wasser, Clinton H. 1982. Ecology and culture of selected species useful in revegetating disturbed lands in the West. FWS/OBS-82/56. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 347 p. [15400] 96. Weber, William A. 1987. Colorado flora: western slope. Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press. 530 p. [7706] 97. Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C., eds. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. 894 p. [2944] 98. White, Susan M.; Welch, Bruce L. 1981. Paired comparisons: a method for ranking mule deer preference for various browse species. Research Note INT-308. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 4 p. [5265] 99. Wright, Henry A.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1982. 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