DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Rubus spectabilis | Salmonberry 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
Salmonberry grows mostly west of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon
southward to northwestern California [29,53].  It occurs along the
Pacific Coast northward to Alaska [5,34] and may extend as far east as
Idaho [5,25].  The variety franciscanus occurs from the Santa Cruz
Mountains to Sonoma County, California [5].  A variety of salmonberry
(not specified in the literature) grows on the islands of Hokkaido and
Honshu in Japan [5].


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods


STATES : 
     AK  CA  ID  MT  OR  WA  BC


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     DENA  GLBA  LACL  NOCA  OLYM  PORE
     REDW  SAJH


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K006  Redwood forests
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   213  Grand fir
   221  Red alder
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   226  Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228  Western redcedar
   230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   232  Redwood
   234  Douglas-fir - tanoak - Pacific madrone


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
This shade-tolerant shrub is also well represented in many Northwestern
coniferous forests dominated by western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla),
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menseisii), western redcedar (Thuja plicata),
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), grand
fir (Abies grandis), and Pacific silver fir (A. amabilis) [17,18,45,71].
Salmonberry often forms dense patches within the understory of
Douglas-fir and western hemlock forests [61].  Dense continuous stands
develop under red alder (Alnus rubra) on upland or riparian sites [21].
Continuous stands may reach up to 32.8 feet (100 m) or more in diameter
[5].  Salmonberry also grows in mixed evergreen and hardwood forests
[5,48,68] and in riparian forests dominated by black cottonwood (Populus
trichocarpa), Sitka alder (A. viridis spp. sinuata), and other hardwoods
[19].  It is a common constituent of northern California shrub
communities dominated by baccharis (Baccharis spp.), thimbleberry (Rubus
parviflorus), and trailing blackberry (R. ursinus) [31].
 
Associated species:  Species which commonly occur with salmonberry
include false lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum dilatatum), thimbleberry,
trailing blackberry, tall Oregon grape (Berberis aquifolium), salal
(Gautheria shallon), red huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), gooseberry
(Ribes spp.), deer fern (Blechnum spicant), evergreen huckleberry,
bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata),
western swordfern (Polystichum munitum), bracken fern (Pteridium
aquilinum), lupine (Lupinus spp.), common velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus),
elderberry (Sambucus spp.), sweetscented bedstraw (Galium triflorum),
and Oregon oxalis (Oxalis oregana) [2,3,4,17,21,61].

Salmonberry has been identified as a codominant with western swordfern
(Polystichum munitum), stink currant (Ribes bracteosum), Sitka spruce,
red alder, Sitka alder, thimbleberry, trailing blackberry, sea watch
(Angelica lucida), evergreen huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum), devil's
club (Oplopanax horridis), and mycelis (Mycelis spp.).  Salmonberry is
listed as an indicator or dominant in the following publications:

Riparian vegetation in Oregon's western Cascade Mountains: composition,
  biomass, and autumn phenology [10]
Synecological features of a natural headland prairie on the Oregon coast [13]
Vegetation and habitats [20]
Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington [21]
Ecoclass coding system for the Pacific Northwest plant associations [28]
Plant succession in the Alnus rubra/Rubus spectabilis habitat type in
  western Oregon [32]

Related categories for Species: Rubus spectabilis | Salmonberry