DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens | Red Elderberry 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
S. racemosa ssp. pubens is found across North America from Newfoundland
to Alaska [33].  It is restricted to moist, cool sites in the south and
extends southward into California in the coastal mountains, into Arizona
and New Mexico in the Rocky Mountains, and into Georgia and Tennessee in
the Appalachian highlands [33,118].

The distribution by variety is as follows [35,42,63,69,75,78,102,113]:

    Var. melanocarpa is primarily found in the northern Rocky Mountains
    of Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and into western Alberta and British
    Columbia.  It also extends west into Washington and Oregon, and south
    into northeastern California and northern New Mexico and Arizona.

    Var. microbotrys occurs primarily from southern Wyoming, south to
    New Mexico then west into the Sierra Nevada and northern Coast
    ranges of California.

    Var. arborescens is found along the Pacific coast from the Aleutian
    Islands and southern Alaska south to the California coast ranges
    ending around San Francisco Bay.

    Var. leucocarpa extends from southeastern British Columbia, Montana,
    and South Dakota east through Canada to Newfoundland and the
    northeastern United States.  It also extends south into the
    Great Lakes states and through the Appalachian Mountains into
    Georgia and Tennessee.


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES44  Alpine


STATES : 
     AZ  CA  CO  GA  ID  IL  IN  KY  ME  MA
     MI  MN  MT  NE  NV  NH  NM  NY  NC  ND
     OH  OR  SC  SD  TN  UT  VT  VA  WA  WV
     WI  WY  AB  BC  MB  NB  NF  ON  PQ  SK


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ALPO  APIS  BICA  BLCA  BLRI  CAMO
     CUVA  DENA  GLBA  GRPO  INDU  ISRO
     JOFL  KEFJ  LACL  OLYM  PIRO  PORE
     REDW  SACR  SHEN  SITK  VOYA  WICA
     WRST  YOSE


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    1.  Northern Pacific Border
    2.  Cascade Mountains
    3.  Southern Pacific Border
    4.  Sierra Mountains
    5.  Columbia Plateau
    6.  Upper Basin and Range
    8.  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9.  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10.  Wyoming Basin
   11.  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12.  Colorado Plateau
   15.  Black Hills Uplift


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K007  Red fir forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K099  Maple - basswood forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    16  Aspen
    17  Pin cherry
    18  Paper birch
    34  Red spruce - Fraser fir
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    27  Sugar maple
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    60  Beech - sugar maple
   201  White spruce
   251  White spruce - aspen
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   207  Red fir
   256  California mixed subalpine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   216  Blue spruce
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   221  Red alder
   223  Stika spruce
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   229  Pacific Douglas-fir
   230  Douglas-fir - western hemlock
   232  Redwood
   237  Interior ponderosa pine
   239  Pinyon - juniper
   243  Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
   244  Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
   245  Pacific ponderosa pine
   247  Jeffrey pine


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
S. racemosa ssp. pubens may occur as an understory dominant in red alder
(Alnus rubra) or quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands and as a
dominant or codominant species in seral conifer forests in the West.  It
may persist in climax deciduous forests of the East.  

Published classification schemes listing S. racemosa ssp. pubens as an
indicator species or as a dominant part of vegetation in community
types, habitat types, or plant associations are presented below.

Field guide habitat classification system: For the Upper Peninsula of
  Michigan and northeast Wisconsin [9]
Ecoclass coding system for the Pacific Northwest plant associations [36]
Plant associations of Region Two: Potential plant communities of
  Wyoming, South Dakota, Nabraska, Colorado, and Kansas [45]
Aspen community types of the Intermountain Region [72]
Aspen community types of Utah [74]

Associated Species:  S. racemosa ssp. pubens is so widespread that any
complete list of associated species would be excessively long.  A few of
its common western associates include aspen, red alder, big sagebrush
(Artemisia tridentata), snowberry (Symphoricarpos spp.), serviceberry
(Amelanchier spp.), other shrubs, and many herbaceous species [12,71].
In northeastern hemlock-white pine (Tsuga canadensis-Pinus
strobus)-northern hardwood forests, it grows with American fly
honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis), beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta),
hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), and winterberry (Ilex verticillata).
In the Appalachians it is associated with striped maple (Acer
pensylvanicum), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), hobblebush (Viburnum
alnifolium), and winterberry [118].

                         

Related categories for Species: Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens | Red Elderberry