DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Toxicodendron radicans | Poison-Ivy 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : 
The range of poison-ivy extends from southern Ontario east to Nova
Scotia and Prince Edward Island [47,59,70,103].  Poison-ivy occurs in
all states east of the southern Cascades, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert
[39,41,60,95,104].  Populations continue southward through Central
America to Guatemala [18,39,40,60,112].  Poison-ivy is also native to
eastern Asia [39].

Although poison-ivy has been listed as occurring in the following parks,
it is probably misindentified, as these parks are within the range
limits of western poison-ivy (Toxicondendron rydbergii):  Arches
National Park (ARCH), Canyonlands National Park (CANY), Capitol Reef
National Park (CARE), Coulee Dam Recreation Area (CODA), Glacier
National Park (GLAC), Grand Teton National Park (GRTE), Gulf Islands
National Seashore (GUIS), John Day Fossil Beds National Monument (JODA),
Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR), Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR),
Timpanogos Cave National Monument (TICA), Yellowstone National Park
(YELL), Zion National Park (ZION).  [See the western poison ivy write-up
in the FEIS data base.]


ECOSYSTEMS : 
   FRES12  Longleaf - slash pine
   FRES13  Loblolly - shortleaf pine
   FRES14  Oak - pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES16  Oak - gum - cypress
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES33  Southwestern shrubsteppe
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie


STATES : 
     AL  AZ  AR  CO  CT  DE  FL  GA  IL  IN
     IA  KS  KY  LA  ME  MD  MA  MI  MO  NH
     NJ  NM  NY  NC  ND  OH  OK  PA  RI  SC
     SD  TN  TX  VT  VA  WV  NS  ON  PE  PQ
     MEXICO


ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS : 
     ACAD  ALPO  ANTI  ASIS  BADL  BAND
     BIBE  BICY  BISO  BITH  BLRI  BUFF
     CACH  CACO  CAHA  CALO  CACA  CATO
     CHCH  COLO  COSW  CORO  CUGA  CUIS
     CUVA  DEWA  DINO  EFMO  EVER  FIIS
     FOBO  FODO  GATE  GWCA  GWMP  GRSM
     GUMO  HOBE  HOSP  INDU  ISRO  JECA
     JOFL  LAMR  MACA  MANA  MEVE  MORR
     NERI  OBRI  OZAR  PIRO  RICH  ROCR
     ROMO  SAGU  SHEN  SHIL  SLBE  THRO
     VAFO  WACA  WICR


BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS : 
    7  Lower Basin and Range
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands


KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS : 
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K031  Oak - juniper woodlands
   K061  Mesquite - acacia savanna
   K067  Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
   K069  Bluestem - grama prairie
   K072  Sea oats prairie
   K079  Palmetto prairie
   K080  Marl - everglades
   K081  Oak savanna
   K086  Juniper - oak savanna
   K091  Cypress savanna
   K098  Northern floodplain forest
   K099  Maple - basswood forest
   K100  Oak - hickory forest
   K101  Elm - ash forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K103  Mixed mesophytic forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K110  Northeastern oak - pine forest
   K111  Oak - hickory - pine forest
   K112  Southern mixed forest
   K113  Southern floodplain forest


SAF COVER TYPES : 
    14  Northern pin oak
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26  Sugar maple - basswood
    27  Sugar maple
    40  Post oak - blackjack oak
    42  Bur oak
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    59  Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
    61  River birch - sycamore
    62  Silver maple - American elm
    63  Cottonwood
    64  Sassafras - persimmon
    65  Pin oak - sweetgum
    70  Longleaf pine
    71  Longleaf pine - scrub oak
    74  Cabbage palmetto
    75  Shortleaf pine
    76  Shortleaf pine - oak
    80  Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
    81  Loblolly pine
    82  Loblolly pine - hardwood
    83  Longleaf pine - slash pine
    88  Willow oak - water oak - diamondleaf oak
    89  Live oak
    92  Sweetgum - willow oak
    93  Sugarberry - American elm - green ash
    94  Sycamore - sweetgum - American elm
    95  Black willow
    96  Overcup oak - water hickory
    97  Atlantic white-cedar
    98  Pond pine
   100  Pondcypress
   101  Baldcypress
   102  Baldcypress - tupelo
   108  Red maple


SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES : 
NO-ENTRY


HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES : 
Poison-ivy is not an indicator or uniquely associated with a particular
community type [119].  It is a dominant understory plant in Gambel oak
(Quercus gambelii) community type [80].  Poison-ivy was one of the seven
most frequently occurring plants in the herbaceous layer of a shagbark
hickory (Carya ovata) community type.  There were an average of 3,540
stems per acre (8741 stems/ha), with 80 individuals attaining a size
class 2 (0.01-0.5 inch [0.03-1.3 cm] d.b.h.) [113].  Poison-ivy was an
understory dominant in a northern pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis)-
cherrybark oak (Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia) community.
Poison-ivy occurred with 55 percent relative frequency in the Wisconsin
habitat type white pine/hog peanut (Pinus strobus/Amphicarpa bracteata)
[63].

Poison-ivy is subdominant in Nebraska smooth sumac-American hazel (Rhus
glabra-Corylus americana) associes, bur oak-bitternut hickory (Quercus
macrocarpa-Carya cordiformis) associes, and green ash-American elm
(Fraxinus pennsylvanica-Ulmus americana) associes [3].  It is
subdominant in buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) communities in North
Dakota [51].  Poison-ivy occurs in the spike grass-beardgrass-croton
(Uniola laxa-Andropogon spp.-Croton glandulosus) community type [10].

Poison-ivy is listed as a dominant in the following community or habitat
type publications:

(1)  Phytogeographia Laurentiana. II. The principal plant associations
       of the Saint Lawrence Valley [20].
(2)  The "big woods" of Minnesota:  its structure, and relation to
       climate, fire, and soils [21].
(3)  Field guide to forest habitat types of northern Wisconsin [63].
(4)  Woodland communities and soils of Fort Bayard, southwestern New
       Mexico [80].
(5)  An ecological investigation of the oakwood bottoms Greentree
       Reservoir in Illinois [113].

Related categories for Species: Toxicodendron radicans | Poison-Ivy