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REFERENCES

SPECIES: Populus tremuloides | Quaking Aspen
REFERENCES : 1. Alexander, Martin E.; Maffey, Murray E. 1993. Predicting fire behavior in Canada's aspen forests. Fire Management Notes. 53/54(1): 10-13. [20938] 2. Anderson, Murray L.; Bailey, Arthur W. 1979. Effect of fire on a Symphoricarpos occidentalis shrub community in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57: 2820-2823. [2867] 3. Bailey, Arthur W.; Anderson, Murray L. 1980. Fire temperatures in grass, shrub and aspen forest communities of central Alberta. Journal of Range Management. 33(1): 37-40. [6937] 4. Baker, Frederick S. 1918. Aspen reproduction in relation to management. Journal of Forestry. 16: 389-398. [16494] 5. Baker, Frederick S. 1925. Aspen in the central Rocky Mountain region. Department Bulletin No. 1291. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 47 p. [15589] 6. Barmore, William J., Jr.; Taylor, Dale; Hayden, Peter. 1976. Ecological effects and biotic succession following the 1974 Waterfalls Canyon Fire in Grand Teton National Park. Research Progress Report 1974-1975. Unpublished report on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. 99 p. [16109] 7. Barnes, Burton V. 1966. The clonal growth habit of American aspens. Ecology. 47: 439-447. [16466] 8. Barnes, Burton V. 1969. Natural variation and delineation of clones of Populus tremuloides and P. grandidentata in northern lower Michigan. Silvae Genetica. 18: 130-142. [2887] 9. Barrett, Stephen, W.; Arno, Stephen F. 1982. Indian fires as an ecological influence in the Northern Rockies. Journal of Forestry. 80(10): 647-651. [12711] 10. Bartos, Dale L.; Brown, James K.; Booth, Gordon D. 1994. Twelve years biomass response in aspen communities following fire. Journal of Range Management. 47: 79-83. [22891] 11. Bartos, Dale L.; Johnston, Robert S. 1978. Biomass and nutrient content of quaking aspen at two sites in the western United States. Forest Science. 24(2): 273-280. [16913] 12. Bartos, Dale L.; Mueggler, Walter F. 1979. Influence of fire on vegetation production in the aspen ecosystem in western Wyoming. In: Boyce, Mark S.; Hayden-Wing, Larry D., eds. North American elk, ecology, behavior and management. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming: 75-78. [5101] 13. Bartos, D. L.; Mueggler, W. F. 1981. Early succession in aspen communities following fire in western Wyoming. Journal of Range Management. 34(4): 315-318. [5100] 14. Bartos, Dale L.; Mueggler, Walter F.; Campbell, Robert B., Jr. 1991. Regeneration of aspen by suckering on burned sites in western Wyoming. Res. Pap. INT-448. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 10 p. [16468] 15. Basile, Joseph V. 1979. Elk-aspen relationships on a prescribed burn. Res. Note INT-271. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 7 p. [4347] 16. Beetle, A. A. 1974. Range survey in Teton County, Wyoming: Part IV - quaking aspen. SM 27. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming, Agricultural Experiment Station. 28 p. [26850] 17. Shields, Paul W. 1981. Opportunities for wildlife habitat management in aspen. In: DeByle, Norbert V., ed. Situation management of two intermountain species: aspen and coyotes; 1981 April 23-24; Logan, UT. UMC 52. Logan, UT: Utah State University, College of Natural Resources: 69-76. [11897] 18. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434] 19. Bevins, Collin D. 1984. Historical fire occurrence in aspen stands of the Intermountain West. Missoula, MT: Systems for Environmental Management. Cooperative Agreement 22-C-4-INT-31. 23 p. [3649] 20. Bird, Ralph D. 1930. Biotic communities of the aspen parkland of central Canada. Ecology. 11(2): 356-442. [15277] 21. Blinn, Charles R.; Buckner, Edward R. 1989. Normal foliar nutrient levels in North American forest trees: A summary. Station Bulletin 590-1989. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 27 p. [15282] 22. Bradley, Anne F.; Noste, Nonan V.; Fischer, William C. 1992. Fire ecology of forests and woodlands of Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-287. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 128 p. [18212] 23. Brinkman, Kenneth A.; Roe, Eugene I. 1975. Quaking aspen: silvics and management in the Lake States. Agric. Handb. 486. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 52 p. [5107] 24. Brown, J. K. 1996 [pers. comm.] 25. Brown, J. K.; Booth, G. D.; Simmerman, D. G. 1989. Seasonal change in live fuel moisture of understory plants in western U.S. aspen. In: MacIver, D. C.; Auld, H.; Whitewood, R., eds. Proceedings of the 10th conference on fire and forest meteorology; 1989 April 17-21; Ottawa, ON. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisher unknown]: 406-412. [Copies availablefrom: Petawawa National Forestry Institute; Department of Forest Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Canadian Climate Centre, Downsview, ON]. [15270] 26. Brown, James K.; DeByle, Norbert V. 1987. Fire damage, mortality, and suckering in aspen. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 1100-1109. [5099] 27. Brown, James K.; DeByle, Norbert V. 1989. Effects of prescribed fire on biomass and plant succession in western aspen. Res. Pap. INT-412. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 16 p. [9286] 28. Brown, James K.; Simmerman, Dennis G. 1986. Appraising fuels and flammability in western aspen: a prescribed fire guide. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-205. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 48 p. [544] 29. Buckman, Robert E.; Blankenship, Lytle H. 1965. Repeated spring prescribed burning reduces abundance and vigor of aspen root suckering. Journal of Forestry. 63: 23-25. [12804] 30. Buell, Murray F.; Buell, Helen F. 1959. Aspen invasion of prairie. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 86(4): 264-269. [14068] 31. Byelich, John D.; Cook, Jack L.; Blouch, Ralph I. 1972. Management for deer. In: Aspen: Symposium proceedings; [Date of conference unknown]; [Location of conference unknown]. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-1. St. Paul, MI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station: 120-125. [12048] 32. Campbell, Celina; Campbell, Ian D.; Blyth, Charles B.; McAndrews, John H. 1994. Bison extirpation may have caused aspen expansion in western Canada. Ecography. 17(4): 360-362. [25941] 33. Chan, Franklin J.; Wong, Raymond M. 1989. Reestablishment of native riparian species at an altered high elevation site. In: Abell, Dana L., technical coordinator. Proceedings of the California riparian systems conference: Protection, management, and restoration for the 1990's; 1988 September 22-24; Davis, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-110. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station: 428-435. [13771] 34. Covington, W. Wallace; Kurmes, Ernest A.; Haisley, James R. 1983. The effect of controlled burning on understory vegetation and soil nitrogen in the aspen-bunchgrass type. Final report for Research Grant No. RM-80-111-GR (EC-361). Eisenhower Consortium for Western Environmental Forestry Research. 34 p. [5210] 35. Crouch, Glenn L. 1981. Regeneration on aspen clearcuts in northwestern Colorado. Res. Note RM-407. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 5 p. [3381] 36. Cryer, Douglas H.; Murray, John E. 1992. Aspen regeneration and soils. Rangelands. 14(4): 223-226. [19078] 37. Davidson, Ross W.; Hinds, Thomas E.; Hawksworth, Frank G. 1959. Decay of aspen in Colorado. Station Paper No. 45. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 14 p. [26838] 38. DeByle, Norbert V. 1979. Potential effects of stable versus fluctuating elk populations in the aspen ecosystem. In: Boyce, Mark S.; Hayden-Wing, Larry D, eds. North American elk, ecology, behavior and management. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming: 294. [3458] 39. DeByle, Norbert V. 1981. Songbird populations and clearcut harvesting of aspen in northern Utah. Res. Note INT-302. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 7 p. [5398] 40. DeByle, N. V. 1985. Environment of Populus tremuloides. In: Proceedings of the 1985 Society of American Foresters National Convention; 1985 July 28 - July 31; Fort Collins, CO. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 87-91. [222] 41. DeByle, Norbert V. 1985. The role of fire in aspen ecology. In: Lotan, James E.; Kilgore, Bruce M.; Fisher, William C.; Mutch, Robert W., technical coordinators. Proceedings--Symposium and workshop on wilderness fire; 1983 November 15 - November 18; Missoula, MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-182. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 326. [7363] 42. DeByle, Norbert V. 1985. Wildlife. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 135-152. [11916] 43. DeByle, Norbert V. 1985. Animal impacts. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 115-123. [11914] 44. DeByle, Norbert V. 1985. Water and watershed. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 153-160. [11917] 45. DeByle, Norbert V. 1985. Management for esthetics and recreation, forage, water, and wildlife. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 223-232. [11925] 46. DeByle, Norbert V.; Bevins, Collin D.; Fischer, William C. 1987. Wildfire occurrence in aspen in the interior western United States. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 2(3): 73-76. [774] 47. DeByle, Norbert V.; Urness, Philip J.; Blank, Deborah L. 1989. Forage quality in burned and unburned aspen communities. Res. Pap. INT-404. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 8 p. [6588] 48. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806] 49. Doucet, Rene. 1989. Regeneration silviculture of aspen. The Forestry Chronicle. Feb: 23-27. [6112] 50. Einspahr, Dean W.; Winton, Lawson L. 1976. Genetics of quaking aspen. Res. Pap. WO-25. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 23 p. [26702] 51. Ellison, Lincoln. 1943. A natural seedling of western aspen. Journal of Forestry. 41: 767-768. 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Spring burning in an aspen-conifer stand for maintenance of moose habitat, West Boulder River, Montana. In: Proceedings, Montana Tall Timbers fire ecology conference and Intermountain Fire Research Council fire & land management symposium; 1974 October 8-10; Missoula, MT. No. 14. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research STation: 501-538. [13529] 63. Graham, Samuel A.; Harrison, Robert P., Jr.; Westell, Casey E., Jr. 1963. Aspens: Phoenix trees of the Great Lakes Region. Ann Arbor, MI: The Univeristy of Michigan Press. 272 p. [26670] 64. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603] 65. Jourdonnais, Craig S.; Bedunah, Donald J. 1990. Prescribed fire and cattle grazing on an elk winter range in Montana. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 18(3): 232-240. [14113] 66. Greenlee, John M. 1973. A study of the fire ecology of the Emigrant Basin Primitive Area. 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Lakewood, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. 164 p. [18670] 87. Jones, John R. 1976. Aspen harvesting and reproduction. In: Utilization and marketing as tools for aspen management in the Rocky Mountains: Proceedings of the symposium; 1976 September 8-9; Fort Collins, CO. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 30-34. [26854] 88. Jones, John R.; DeByle, Norbert V. 1985. Fire. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 77-81. [11910] 89. Jones, John R.; Schier, George A. 1985. Growth. In: DeByle, Norbert V.; Winokur, Robert P., eds. Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-119. 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The lodgepole pine zone in Colorado. American Midland Naturalist. 81: 87-98. [10798] 109. Morgan, M. D. 1969. Ecology of aspen in Gunnison County, Colorado. American Midland Naturalist. 82(1): 204-228. [15935] 110. Moss, E. H. 1938. Longevity of seed and establishment of seedlings in species of Populus. Botanical Gazette. 99: 529-542. [26846] 111. Mueggler, W. F. 1976. Type variability and succession in Rocky Mountain aspen. In: Utilization and marketing as tools for aspen management in the Rocky Mountains: Proceedings of the symposium. General Technical Report RM-29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 16-19. [3893] 112. Mueggler, W. F. 1985. Aspen communities in the Interior West. In: Proceedings of the 1985 Society of American Foresters national convention; 1985 July 28 - July 31; Fort Collins, CO. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 106-111. [258] 113. Mueggler, W. F. 1985. Forage. 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