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Location:
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Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
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Geographic coordinates:
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40 00 N, 45 00 E
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Map references:
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Asia
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Area:
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total: 29,800 sq km
water: 1,400 sq km
land: 28,400 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Maryland
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Land boundaries:
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total: 1,254 km
border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked)
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked)
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Climate:
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highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
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Terrain:
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Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Debed River 400 m
highest point: Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m
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Natural resources:
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small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
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Land use:
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arable land: 17.52%
permanent crops: 2.3%
other: 80.18% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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2,870 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
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Environment - current issues:
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soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Geography - note:
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landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range
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