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Economy - overview:
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Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 8% to 10% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $8.476 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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9.1% (2002 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 19%
industry: 26%
services: 55% (2002 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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60% (2001 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1998)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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34.7 (1998)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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12% (2001 est.)
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Labor force:
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3.187 million (2000)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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40% (2002 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $502 million
expenditures: $520 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2002 est.)
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Industries:
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aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
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Industrial production growth rate:
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10.3% (2000 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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14.18 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 1.9%
hydro: 98.1%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
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Electricity - consumption:
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14.52 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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3.909 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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5.242 billion kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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250 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Natural gas - production:
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50 million cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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1.25 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
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Exports:
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$710 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
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Exports - partners:
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Netherlands 29.4%, Turkey 16.1%, Russia 11.9%, Uzbekistan 9.9%, Switzerland 9.3%, Hungary 5.4%, Latvia 4.2% (2002)
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Imports:
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$830 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs
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Imports - partners:
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Russia 22.7%, Uzbekistan 18.4%, Ukraine 11.2%, Kazakhstan 10%, Turkmenistan 6.5%, Azerbaijan 5.7%, India 4.4% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$1 billion (2002 est.)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$60.7 million from US (2001)
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Currency:
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somoni
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Currency code:
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TJS
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Exchange rates:
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Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.7 (2002), 2.37 (2001), 2.08 (2000), 1.24 (1999), 0.78 (1998)
note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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