References for species: Bufo boreas

1. Aubry, Keith B.; Hall, Patricia A. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the southern Washington Cascade Range. In: Ruggiero, Leonard F.; Aubry, Keith B.; Carey, Andrew B.; Huff, Mark H., technical coordinators. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 327-338. [17325]

2. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p. [434]

3. Brown, David E. 1982. Californian evergreen forest and woodland. In: Brown, David E., ed. Biotic communities of the American Southwest--United States and Mexico. Desert Plants. 4(1-4): 66-69. [8887]

4. Committee on Herpetological Common Names. 1956. Common names for North American amphibians and reptiles. Copeia. 3: 171-185. [13616]

5. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]

6. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others]. 1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]

7. Gilbert, Frederick F.; Allwine, Rochelle. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Cascade Range. In: Ruggiero, Leonard F.; Aubry, Keith B.; Carey, Andrew B.; Huff, Mark H., technical coordinators. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 319-324. [17324]

8. Kricher, John C. 1993. A field guide to the ecology of western forests. The Peterson Field Guide Series No. 45. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. 554 p. [21729]

9. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York: American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]

10. Olson, Deanna H. 1992. Ecological susceptibility of amphibians to population declines. In: Harris, Richard R.; Erman, Don C.; Kerner, Hannah M., technical coordinator. Proceedings of the symposium on biodiversity of northwestern California; 1991 October 28-30; Santa Rosa, CA. Report 29. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wildland Resources Center: 55-62. [22185]

11. Porter, Kenneth R. 1972. Herpetology. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Sanders Company. 524 p. [24388]

12. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]

13. Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles. 6th ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; American Society of Icthyologists and Herpetologists. 280 p. [24389]

14. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 10 p. [20090]

15. Stebbins, R. C. 1951. Amphibians of western North America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 539 p. [24390]

16. Stebbins, Robert C. 1985. Western reptiles and amphibians. 2nd ed. Peterson Field Guides No. 16. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 336 p. [22647]

17. Thomas, J. W. 1978. Species list: birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians for the Forest Service. Misc. Publ. . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 82 p. [21138]

18. California Department of Fish and Game; U.S. Department of Agricultur Agriculture, Forest Service, California Region. [n.d.]. Checklist of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians prest on forest and rangelands in California. [Sacramento, CA: California Department of Fish and Game]. Pamphlet. [24391]

19. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982. National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names. SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]

20. Verner, Jared; Boss, Allan S., tech. coords. 1980. California wildlife and their habitats: western Sierra Nevada. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-37. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 439 p. [10237]

21. Welsh, Harwell H., Jr.; Lind, Amy J. 1991. The structure of the herpetofaunal assemblage in the Douglas-fir/ hardwood forests of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. In: Ruggiero, Leonard F.; Aubry, Keith B.; Carey, Andrew B.; Huff, Mark H., technical coordinators. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 395-411. [17330]

22. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; animal candidate review for listing as endangered or threatened species; proposed rule. 50 CFR Part 17. Tuesday, November 15, 1994. Federal Register. 59(219): 58982-59028. [24357]

23. Martin, David L. 1992. Sierra Nevada anuran guide. San Jose, CA: Canorus Ltd. Press. 28 p. [21343]

24. Kahn, Walter C. 1960. Observations on the effect of a burn on a population of Sceloporus occidentalis. Ecology. 41: 358-359. [13560]

25. Means, D. Bruce; Campbell, Howard W. 1981. Effects of prescribed burning on amphibians and reptiles. In: Wood, Gene W., ed. Prescribed fire and wildlife in southern forests: Proceedings of a symposium; 1981 April 6-8; Myrtle Beach, SC. Georgetown, SC: Clemson University, Belle W. Baruch Forest Science Institute: 89-97. [14814]

26. Komarek, E. V., Sr. 1969. Fire and animal behavior. In: Proceedings, annual Tall Timbers fire ecology conference; 1969 April 10-11; Tallahassee, FL. No. 9. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station: 161-207. [13531]

27. Raphael, Martin G. 1988. Long-term trends in abundance of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals in Douglas-fir forests of northwestern California. In: Szaro, Robert C.; Severson, Kieth E.; Patton, David R., technical coordinators. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America: Proceedings of the symposium; 1988 July 19-21; Flagstaff, AZ. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-166. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 23-31. [7105]

28. Kovalchik, Bernard L.; Hopkins, William E.; Brunsfeld, Steven J. 1988. Major indicator shrubs and herbs in riparian zones on National Forests of central Oregon. R6-ECOL-TP-005-88. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 159 p. [8995]

29. Crane, Marilyn F. 1982. Fire ecology of Rocky Mountain Region forest habitat types. Final Report Contract No. 43-83X9-1-884. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 1. 272 p. On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. [5292]

30. Agee, James K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests. Washington, DC: Island Press. 493 p. [22247]

31. Chandler, Craig; Cheney, Phillip; Thomas, Philip; [and others}. 1983. Fire in forestry: Vol. I. Forest fire behavior and effects. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 450 p. [12241]

32. Black, Jeffrey Howard; Brunson, Royal Bruce. 1971. Breeding behavior of the boreal toad, Bufo boreas boreas (Baird and Girard), in western Montana. The Great Basin Naturalist. 31(2): 109-113. [24381]

33. Campbell, James B. 1976. Environmental controls on boreal toad populations in the San Juan Mountains. In: Steinhoff, Harold W.; Ives, Jack D., eds. Ecological impacts of snowpack augmentation in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Final report San Juan ecology project. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University Publication: 289-295. [24387]

34. Campbell, James B.; Degenhardt, William G. 1971. Bufo boreas boreas in New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist. 16(2): 219. [24382]

35. Cook, Francis R. 1977. Records of the boreal toad from the Yukon and northern British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 91: 185-186. [24383]

36. Long, Charles A. 1964. The badger as a natural enemy of Ambystoma tigrinum and Bufo boreas. Herpetologica. 20(2): 144. [24384]

37. Martin, Robert F. 1973. Osteology of North American bufo: the americanus, cognatus, and boreas species groups. Herpetologica. 29(4): 375-387. [24385]

38. Norman, Bradford R. 1988. Bufo boreas boreas (boreal toad). Herp Review. 19(1): 16. [24386]

39. Campbell, James B. 1970. Hibernacula of a population of Bufo boreas boreas in the Colorado Front Range. Herpetologica. 26: 278-282. [24552]

40. Campbell, James B. 1970. Life history of Bufo boreas boreas on the Colorado Front Range. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Biology Department. 124 p. Dissertation. In: Dissertation Abstracts. 33: 3331B. [24585]

41. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; animal candidate review for listing as endangered or threatened species; proposed rule. 50 CFR Part 17. Tuesday, November 15, 1994. Federal Register. 59(219): 58982-59028. [24357]

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