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You are here >1Up Info > Wildlife, Animals, and Plants > Plant Species > Graminoid > SPECIES: Bromus madritensis | Foxtail Chess
 

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DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE

SPECIES: Bromus madritensis | Foxtail Chess

GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:


Foxtail chess is native to Europe and the British Isles [34,39,45,71,75,77]. Exotic in North America, foxtail chess occurs from Washington east to Idaho and south to Baja California, southwestern Texas, and Sonora [39,45,61,77,78]. It is also introduced in Hawaii [70]. 

The PLANTS database provides distributional maps of the typical subspecies of foxtail chess and of red brome. The typical subspecies is native throughout Europe and the British Isles [61,71]. In North America, it occurs widely in coastal and central California and is also recorded from Reno, Nevada, and Portland, Oregon [61,78].

Red brome is native to southern Europe [75]. In North America, it is distributed from central Washington south to Baja California and east to central Idaho, southwestern Texas, and Sonora [61,78]. It is casually adventive in the Northeast [34].

ECOSYSTEMS [33]:


FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub
FRES40 Desert grasslands
FRES42 Annual grasslands

STATES:


AZ CA HI ID MD
MA MI MS MT NV
NM NY OR TX SC
UT VA WA

MEXICO

BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [12]:


2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range

KUCHLER [51] PLANT ASSOCIATIONS:


K027 Mesquite bosques
K030 California oakwoods
K033 Chaparral
K035 Coastal sagebrush
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K039 Blackbrush
K041 Creosotebush
K042 Creosotebush-bursage
K043 Paloverde-cactus shrub
K044 Creosotebush-tarbush

SAF COVER TYPES [31]:


242 Mesquite
249 Canyon live oak
250 Blue oak-foothills pine
255 California coast live oak

SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES [69]:


201 Blue oak woodland
202 Coast live oak woodland
205 Coastal sage shrub
206 Chamise chaparral
207 Scrub oak mixed chaparral
208 Ceanothus mixed chaparral
209 Montane shrubland
210 Bitterbrush
211 Creosotebush scrub
212 Blackbush
214 Coastal prairie
215 Valley grassland
401 Basin big sagebrush
413 Gambel oak
414 Salt desert shrub
503 Arizona chaparral
506 Creosotebush-bursage
507 Palo verde-cactus

HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES:


Foxtail chess is an invasive weed. It is most prevalent in desert shrub and annual grassland communities [2,5,10,11,19,30,54].

Arizona: Red brome is an invader of Arizona desert scrub [54]. It is also an invasive understory species of mature mesquite bosques (Prosopis spp.), which were historically open with a ground cover of saltbushes or annual and perennial native grasses and forbs [21].

California: Foxtail chess is a dominant invader of the historical perennial grasslands of California [2,5]. It is widely distributed over central and southern California [64]. It has also invaded steppe ecosystems of the southern San Joaquin Valley, the Great Basin, and the Mojave Desert [6].

Common grass associates of foxtail chess within the western foothill annual grassland of the Sierra Nevada include soft chess (Bromus mollis), ripgut brome (B. diandrus), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros), slender wildoat (Avena barbata), California melic (Melica californica), and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). Common forbs include cutleaf filaree (Erodium cicutarium), Napa thistle (Centaurea melitensis), clover (Trifolium spp.), hairy lotus (Lotus subpinatus), and godetia (Godetia dudleyana) [14].

Common associates in California oak savannah include blue oak (Quercus douglasii), interior live oak (Q. wislizenii) [25,30], valley oak (Q. lobata) [73], gray pine (Pinus sabiniana) [25,30], and California buckeye (Aesculus californica) [30]. Common shrub associates include wedgeleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus cuneatus) and chaparral whitethorn (C. leucodermis). Soft chess, ripgut brome [30], slender wildoat, wild oat (A. fatua) [30,73], mouse barley (Hordeum leporium) [73], and fescue (Festuca spp.) [30] are common grasses. Common forb associates include cutleaf filaree [25,30], longbeak storksbill (Erodium botrys), burclover (Medicago polymorpha), and clover [30].

Common coastal sage scrub shrub associates include black sage (Salvia mellifera) and California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) [49].

Nevada: Red brome is a dominant annual of blackbrush (Coleogyne ramossisima) communities at 4,000 to 5,000 feet (1,200-1,500 m). In the western Yucca Flat of southern Nevada, red brome is a member of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata)-blackbrush transition communities between 4,000 and 4,300 feet (1,200-1,300 m), and is infrequent in creosotebush associations between 3,000 and 4,000 feet (900-1,200 m). Red brome is abundant within creosotebush-saltbush (Atriplex spp.)-blackbrush communities [10]. Red brome is a prominent member of blackbrush communities within the Mojave Desert [11,19].

Utah:  Red brome is common in blackbrush, juniper (Juniperus spp.), creosotebush [59], and sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) [59,65] communities of Utah. It is most commonly found at base of shrubs in shadscale and white burrobush (Hymenoclea salsola) communities [57].

Classifications describing plant communities in which foxtail chess is a dominant species are as follows:

CA: [16,36,48,62]


Related categories for SPECIES: Bromus madritensis | Foxtail Chess

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Information Courtesy: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Fire Effects Information System

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