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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants |
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DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:Foxtail chess is native to Europe and the British Isles [34,39,45,71,75,77]. Exotic in North America, foxtail chess occurs from Washington east to Idaho and south to Baja California, southwestern Texas, and Sonora [39,45,61,77,78]. It is also introduced in Hawaii [70].
The PLANTS database
provides distributional maps of the typical subspecies of foxtail chess and of red brome.
The typical subspecies is native throughout Europe and the British Isles
[61,71].
In North America, it occurs widely in coastal and central California and is also recorded from Reno,
Nevada, and Portland, Oregon [61,78].
ECOSYSTEMS [33]:FRES28 Western hardwoods FRES29 Sagebrush FRES30 Desert shrub FRES34 Chaparral-mountain shrub FRES40 Desert grasslands FRES42 Annual grasslands
STATES:
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [12]:2 Cascade Mountains 3 Southern Pacific Border 4 Sierra Mountains 5 Columbia Plateau 6 Upper Basin and Range 7 Lower Basin and Range
KUCHLER [51] PLANT ASSOCIATIONS:K027 Mesquite bosques K030 California oakwoods K033 Chaparral K035 Coastal sagebrush K038 Great Basin sagebrush K039 Blackbrush K041 Creosotebush K042 Creosotebush-bursage K043 Paloverde-cactus shrub K044 Creosotebush-tarbush
SAF COVER TYPES [31]:242 Mesquite 249 Canyon live oak 250 Blue oak-foothills pine 255 California coast live oak
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES [69]:201 Blue oak woodland 202 Coast live oak woodland 205 Coastal sage shrub 206 Chamise chaparral 207 Scrub oak mixed chaparral 208 Ceanothus mixed chaparral 209 Montane shrubland 210 Bitterbrush 211 Creosotebush scrub 212 Blackbush 214 Coastal prairie 215 Valley grassland 401 Basin big sagebrush 413 Gambel oak 414 Salt desert shrub 503 Arizona chaparral 506 Creosotebush-bursage 507 Palo verde-cactus
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES:Foxtail chess is an invasive weed. It is most prevalent in desert shrub and annual grassland communities [2,5,10,11,19,30,54]. Arizona: Red brome is an invader of Arizona desert scrub [54]. It is also an invasive understory species of mature mesquite bosques (Prosopis spp.), which were historically open with a ground cover of saltbushes or annual and perennial native grasses and forbs [21]. California: Foxtail chess is a dominant invader of the historical perennial grasslands of California [2,5]. It is widely distributed over central and southern California [64]. It has also invaded steppe ecosystems of the southern San Joaquin Valley, the Great Basin, and the Mojave Desert [6]. Common grass associates of foxtail chess within the western foothill annual grassland of the Sierra Nevada include soft chess (Bromus mollis), ripgut brome (B. diandrus), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros), slender wildoat (Avena barbata), California melic (Melica californica), and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). Common forbs include cutleaf filaree (Erodium cicutarium), Napa thistle (Centaurea melitensis), clover (Trifolium spp.), hairy lotus (Lotus subpinatus), and godetia (Godetia dudleyana) [14]. Common associates in California oak savannah include blue oak (Quercus douglasii), interior live oak (Q. wislizenii) [25,30], valley oak (Q. lobata) [73], gray pine (Pinus sabiniana) [25,30], and California buckeye (Aesculus californica) [30]. Common shrub associates include wedgeleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus cuneatus) and chaparral whitethorn (C. leucodermis). Soft chess, ripgut brome [30], slender wildoat, wild oat (A. fatua) [30,73], mouse barley (Hordeum leporium) [73], and fescue (Festuca spp.) [30] are common grasses. Common forb associates include cutleaf filaree [25,30], longbeak storksbill (Erodium botrys), burclover (Medicago polymorpha), and clover [30]. Common coastal sage scrub shrub associates include black sage (Salvia mellifera) and California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) [49].
Nevada: Red brome is a dominant annual of blackbrush (Coleogyne
ramossisima) communities at 4,000 to 5,000 feet (1,200-1,500 m).
In the western Yucca Flat of southern Nevada, red brome is a member of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata)-blackbrush
transition communities between 4,000 and 4,300 feet (1,200-1,300 m), and is infrequent in creosotebush
associations between 3,000 and 4,000 feet (900-1,200 m). Red brome is abundant within
creosotebush-saltbush (Atriplex spp.)-blackbrush communities [10]. Red brome is a prominent
member of blackbrush communities within the Mojave Desert [11,19].
Related categories for SPECIES: Bromus madritensis | Foxtail Chess |
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