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Wildlife, Animals, and Plants
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Introductory
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
ABBREVIATION :
ROSMUL
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
ROMU
COMMON NAMES :
multiflora rose
Japanese rose
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name for multiflora rose is Rosa
multiflora Thunb. There are no recognized subspecies, varieties, or
forms [4,9,12].
LIFE FORM :
Shrub
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
COMPILED BY AND DATE :
William R. Reed, June 1993
LAST REVISED BY AND DATE :
NO-ENTRY
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa multiflora. In: Remainder of Citation
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Multiflora rose has been introduced in the United States throughout
scattered areas of the Northeast, Southeast, north-central Midwest, and
upper Great Plains [4,9,12]. It is cultivated in Hawaii [28].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES14 Oak - pine
FRES15 Oak - hickory
FRES17 Elm - ash - cottonwood
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES39 Prairie
STATES :
AR HI IL IN KS KY MD MA MI MO
NE NJ NY NC OH PA SC TN VA WV
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS :
ALPO BLRI BUFF CATO CHCH COLO
CUVA DEWA FIIS FODO GATE GWCA
GWMP GRSM HAVO INDU MANA NERI
OBRI RICH ROCR SHEN VAFO WICR
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
14 Great Plains
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K075 Nebraska Sandhills prairie
K083 Cedar glades
K100 Oak - hickory forest
K101 Elm - ash forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K104 Appalachian oak forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K111 Oak - hickory - pine forest
K112 Southern mixed forest
SAF COVER TYPES :
14 Northern pin oak
24 Hemlock - yellow birch
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
26 Sugar maple - basswood
27 Sugar maple
40 Post oak - blackjack oak
42 Bur oak
43 Bear oak
46 Eastern redcedar
50 Black locust
53 White oak
55 Northern red oak
57 Yellow poplar
60 Beech - sugar maple
63 Cottonwood
64 Sassafras - persimmon
76 Shortleaf pine - oak
78 Virginia pine - oak
87 Sweet gum - yellow-poplar
94 Sycamore - sweetgum - American Elm
108 Red maple
109 Hawthorn
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE AND USE
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
WOOD PRODUCTS VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
The persistent fruits of multiflora rose are an important food source
for birds and mammals [5,14]. The fruits and leaves are consumed by the
following [5,6,7,14]:
grouse pheasant oppossum
rabbit skunk coyote
black bear beaver bobwhite quail
mouse
Extensive browsing of multiflora rose by white-tailed deer has been
noted in Ohio and Illinois [20,24]. Rabbits browse the canes,
particularly in winter [5].
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
Multiflora rose forms extremely dense, impenetrable thickets which are
ideal nesting and escape cover for many birds and small mammals
[5,6,14].
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
Multiflora rose was used for stabilizing disturbed sites from the 1950's
to the 1970's due to its rapid growth and ability to adapt to adverse
soil conditions. It has been used extensively in strip mine
reclamation in the East to prevent soil erosion [13,16]. It is now
considered a pest species, and in many states its use is regulated or
prohibited [14].
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
Multiflora rose is an increaser under heavy browsing [24]. It is
susceptible to the viral disease rose rosette [14]. Several insect
species adversely affect its growth [14].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Multiflora rose is an introduced, long-lived, perennial shrub which
grows 6.5 to 10 feet (2-3 m) tall and 10 to 14 feet (3-4 m) wide. The
shrub is generally erect for the first 6 to 10 feet (2-3 m), above which
the stems droop to the soil [11,14]. The stems are spiny and have
compound leaves of five to seven leaflets approximately 1.5 inches (4
cm) long and 0.5 to 1.5 inches (0.8-3.5 cm) wide [11,22].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Phanerophyte
Chamaephyte
Geophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Sexual reproduction: Multiflora rose begins flowering and producing
seed at 2 to 5 years of age. The seeds are dispersed by birds and
mammals [5,7,13]. They require stratification for 30 to 120 days in
order to effect germination. Seeds may remain viable in the soil for 10
or more years [25].
Vegetative reproduction: Multiflora rose spreads vegetatively through
layering, root suckering, and rhizomes [5,14].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Multiflora rose is commonly found on marginal sites or poorly managed
agricultural lands and tolerates adverse site conditions [14,15,16]. It
is found with greater frequency on acidic soils, but will establish on
all soils except those that are poorly drained. It favors disturbed or
open sites and aggressively colonizes streambanks, field edges,
pastures, and reclaimed strip mines [15,16]. Multiflora rose is also
found on prairies and savannahs [20,24].
Climate: Multiflora rose flourishes in climates of moderate rainfall,
long summers, and short winters [19].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Obligate Initial Community Species
Multiflora rose is an aggressive colonizer of disturbed sites, open
pastures, streambanks, and pond edges [14,18,20,25]. It is not shade
tolerant, and persists only where moderate to full sunlight is
available [5]. Multiflora rose is commonly found in second-growth
forests [1].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Multiflora rose generally flowers from early May to late July. Fruits
mature in summer to late fall. They persist on the plant until the
following spring [10,14].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Multiflora rose probably sprouts from the root crown, roots, and
rhizomes following low-severity fire. It establishes on disturbed sites
from animal-dispersed seed [5].
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Small shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Rhizomatous shrub, rhizome in soil
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Multiflora rose was completely killed after a fire of unreported
severity in Illinois [27]. Other information concerning the effects of
fire on this species is lacking.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
No information concerning multiflora rose response to fire was found in
the literature. Top-killed plants probably sprout from the root crown,
roots, and rhizomes.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
NO-ENTRY
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Rosa multiflora | Multiflora Rose
REFERENCES :
1. Artigas, Francisco J.; Boerner, Ralph E. J. 1989. Advance regeneration
and seed banking of woody plants in Ohio pine plantations: implications
for landscape change. Landscape Ecology. 2(3): 139-150. [13633]
2. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
3. Brothers, Timothy S.; Spingarn, Arthur. 1992. Forest fragmentation and
alien plant invasion of central Indiana old-growth forests. Conservation
Biology. 6(1): 91-100. [19616]
4. Chapman, William K.; Bessette, Alan E. 1990. Trees and shrubs of the
Adirondacks. Utica, NY: North Country Books, Inc. 131 p. [12766]
5. Decker, Daniel J.; Enck, Jody W., eds. 1987. Exotic plants with
identified detrimental impacts on wildlife habitats in New York state.
Natural Resources Research and Extension Series 29. Ithaca, NY:
[Publisher unknown]. 56 p. [20400]
6. Ellis, Jack A.; Edwards, William R.; Thomas, Keith P. 1969. Responses of
bobwhites to management in Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Management.
33(4): 749-762. [16070]
7. Elowe, Kenneth D.; Dodge, Wendell E. 1989. Factors affecting black bear
reproductive success and cub survival. Journal of Wildlife Management.
53(4): 962-968. [10339]
8. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
9. Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. [Corrections
supplied by R. C. Rollins]. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press. 1632 p.
(Dudley, Theodore R., gen. ed.; Biosystematics, Floristic & Phylogeny
Series; vol. 2). [14935]
10. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
11. Gill, John D.; Pogge, Franz L. 1974. Rosa L. Rose. In: Schopmeyer, C.
S., ed. Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agriculture Handbook
No. 450. Washington: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service:
732-737. [7742]
12. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
13. Hardt, Richard A.; Forman, Richard T. T. 1989. Boundary form effects on
woody colonization of reclaimed surface mines. Ecology. 70(5):
1252-1260. [9470]
14. Hindal, Dale F.; Wong, Man Sek. 1988. Potential biocontrol of multiflora
rose, Rosa multiflora. Weed Technology. 2: 122-131. [11092]
15. Hughes, H. Glenn. 1989. Use of native shrubs on strip-mined lands in the
humid East. In: Wallace, Arthur; McArthur, E. Durant; Haferkamp,
Marshall R., compilers. Proceedings--symposium on shrub ecophysiology
and biotechnology; 1987 June 30 - July 2; Logan, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep.
INT-256. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Research Station: 70-73. [5925]
16. Hughes, H. Glenn. 1990. Ecological restoration: fact or fantasy on
strip-mined lands in western Pennsylvania?. In: Hughes, H. Glenn;
Bonnicksen, Thomas M., eds. Restoration '89: the new management
challenge: Proceedings, 1st annual meeting of the Society for Ecological
Restoration; 1989 January 16-20; Oakland, CA. Madison, WI: The
University of Wisconsin Arboretum, Society for Ecological Restoration:
237-243. [14699]
17. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
18. McDonnell, Mark J. 1986. Old field vegetation height and the dispersal
pattern of bird- disseminated woody plants. Bulletin of the Torrey
Botanical Club. 113(1): 6-11. [4563]
19. Nixon, Charles M.; McClain, Milford W.; Russell, Kenneth R. 1970. Deer
food habits and range characteristics in Ohio. Journal of Wildlife
Management. 34(4): 870-886. [16398]
20. Osborn, Eric D.; Hoagstrom, Carl W. 1989. Small mammals of a relict wet
prairie in Ohio. In: Bragg, Thomas B.; Stubbendieck, James, eds. Prairie
pioneers: ecology, history and culture: Proceedings, 11th North American
prairie conference; 1988 August 7-11; Lincoln, NE. Lincoln, NE:
University of Nebraska: 247-250. [14056]
21. Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, C. Ritchie. 1968. Manual of
the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of
North Carolina Press. 1183 p. [7606]
22. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
23. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
24. Strole, Todd A.; Anderson, Roger C. 1992. White-tailed deer browsing:
species preferences and implications for central Illinois forests.
Natural Areas Journal. 12(3): 139-144. [19494]
25. Szafoni, Robert E. 1991. Vegetation management guideline: multiflora
rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.). Natural Areas Journal. 11(4): 215-216.
[16333]
26. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
27. Anderson, Roger C.; Van Valkenburg, Charles. 1977. Response of a
southern Illinois grassland community to burning. Transactions, Illinois
State Academy of Science. 69(4): 399-414. [19481]
28. St. John, Harold. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the
Hawaiian islands. Hong Kong: Cathay Press Limited. 519 p. [25354]
Index
Related categories for Species: Rosa multiflora
| Multiflora Rose
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