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Location:
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Central Africa, south of Libya
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Geographic coordinates:
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15 00 N, 19 00 E
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Map references:
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Africa
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Area:
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total: 1.284 million sq km
water: 24,800 sq km
land: 1,259,200 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly more than three times the size of California
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Land boundaries:
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total: 5,968 km
border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked)
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked)
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Climate:
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tropical in south, desert in north
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Terrain:
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broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m
highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)
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Land use:
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arable land: 2.78%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 97.2% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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200 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
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Environment - current issues:
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inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
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