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Location:
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Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
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Geographic coordinates:
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45 10 N, 15 30 E
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total: 56,542 sq km
water: 128 sq km
land: 56,414 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than West Virginia
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,197 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro (north) 241 km, Serbia and Montenegro (south) 25 km, Slovenia 670 km
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Coastline:
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5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
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Maritime claims:
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continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
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Climate:
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Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
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Terrain:
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geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Dinara 1,830 m
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Natural resources:
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oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
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Land use:
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arable land: 23.55%
permanent crops: 2.24%
other: 74.21% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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30 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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destructive earthquakes
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Environment - current issues:
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air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
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Geography - note:
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controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
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