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Economy - overview:
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Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic development problems stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions; the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes; corruption; weaknesses in the banking system; and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. In November 2001, Indonesia agreed with the IMF on a series of economic reforms in 2002, thus enabling further IMF disbursements. Negotiations with the IMF and bilateral donors continued in 2002. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, the build-up of the confidence of international donors and investors, and a strong comeback in the global economy.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $714.2 billion (2002 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3.7% (2002 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $3,100 (2002 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 17%
industry: 41%
services: 42% (2001 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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27% (1999)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 26.7% (1999)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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31.7 (1999)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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11.9% (2002 est.)
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Labor force:
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99 million (1999)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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10.6% (2002 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $26 billion
expenditures: $30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
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Industries:
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petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism
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Industrial production growth rate:
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4.9% (2002 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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95.78 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 86.9%
hydro: 10.5%
other: 2.5% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
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Electricity - consumption:
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89.08 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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1.451 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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1.045 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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7.083 billion bbl (37257)
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Natural gas - production:
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69 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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36.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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32.8 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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2.549 trillion cu m (37257)
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Agriculture - products:
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rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
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Exports:
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$52.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 21.1%, US 13.2%, Singapore 9.4%, South Korea 7.2%, China 5.1%, Taiwan 4.2% (2002)
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Imports:
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$32.1 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
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Imports - partners:
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Japan 14.1%, Singapore 13.1%, US 8.5%, China 7.8%, South Korea 5.3%, Taiwan 5.1%, Australia 5.1% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$131 billion (2002 est.)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)
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Currency:
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Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
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Currency code:
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IDR
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Exchange rates:
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Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 9,311.19 (2002), 10,260.8 (2001), 8,421.77 (2000), 7,855.15 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year
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