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| Geography |
Serbia and Montenegro |
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Location:
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Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Geographic coordinates:
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44 00 N, 21 00 E
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total: 102,350 sq km
water: 214 sq km
land: 102,136 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Kentucky
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,246 km
border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
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Coastline:
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199 km
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Maritime claims:
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NA
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Climate:
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in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
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Terrain:
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extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Daravica 2,656 m
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Natural resources:
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oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
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Land use:
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arable land: 36.34%
permanent crops: 3.44%
other: 60.22% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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570 sq km
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Natural hazards:
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destructive earthquakes
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Environment - current issues:
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pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity
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Geography - note:
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controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
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