Appendix

Albania: Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Albania: Table 2. Population of Largest Cities and Towns, 1987


City or Town	Population	City or Town	Population
Tiranë	226,000	Berat	40,500
Durrës	78,700	Fier	40,300
Elbasan	78,300	Lushnjë	26,900
Shkodër	76,300	Kavajë	24,200
Vlorë	67,700	Gjirokastër	23,800
Korçë	61,500	Kuçovë	20,600

Source: Based on information from Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Të Shqipërisë, 1988 (Statistical Yearbook of the Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiranë, 1988, 26- 28.

Albania: Table 3. Structure of Realized Net Material Product by Sector, Selected Years, 1938-83

(in percentages, using 1981 prices)*
Sector	1938	1950	1960	1970	1980	1983
Agriculture	93.1	73.2	37.6	34.2	32.7	34.1
Industry	3.8	7.0	18.6	28.2	43.6	43.3
Construction	0.8	3.1	6.5	7.1	6.7	7.8
Services	2.3	16.7	37.3	30.5	17.0	14.8
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

* Net material product--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91, London, 1990, 37.

Albania: Table 4. Key Economic Indicators, 1961-88

**(in percentage average annual increase)**
	1961-70	1971-80	1981-88
Net material product¹	7.4	4.6	1.7²
Global social product	8.3	5.4	2.2²
Net material product per capita	4.4	2.2	- 0.3
Gross industrial production	9.8	7.5	2.8
Industrial labor productivity³	1.5	1.8	- 1.3
Gross agricultural production	6.0	3.8	1.5
Agricultural labor productivity³	1.0	-0.2	- 2.0
Freight transportation⁴	9.0	6.7	0.8
Gross investment	8.4	4.9	1.5
Retail sales⁵	5.7	4.6	3.4

¹ Net material product--see Glossary.
² Estimated.
³ Labor productivity is defined as gross production per employee.
⁴ Domestic transportation by road, rail, and sea as measured in ton-kilometers.
⁵ At current prices.

Sources: Based on information from Per Sandstrom and Örjan Sjöberg, ""Albanian Economic Performance: Stagnation in the 1980s,"" Soviet Studies [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 937.

Albania: Table 5. Net Material Product by Branch of Origin, 1986, 1988, and 1990

(in millions of leks)*
Branch of Origin	1986	1988	1990
Net industrial production	20,128	20,821	20,033
Net agricultural production	8,828	8,376	8,591
Construction	2,861	2,851	2,820
Transportation	971	991	904
Domestic trade	892	848	788
Foreign trade	727	720	777
Other	355	348	365
TOTAL	34,762	34,955	34,278

* For value of the lek--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Anders Aslund and Örjan Sjöberg, ""Privatization and Transition to a Market Economy in Albania,"" Communist Economics and Economic Transformation [Abingdon, United Kingdom], 4, No. 1, 1992, 137.

Albania: Table 6. Structure of Work Force by Sector, Selected Years, 1960-87

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1960	1970	1980	1985	1987
Agriculture	55.6	52.2	51.4	51.3	52.0
Industry	15.1	19.2	21.8	22.3	22.9
Construction	11.4	9.9	9.1	8.0	7.1
Transportation and communications	2.0	2.3	2.5	2.9	2.9
Trade	5.9	5.9	4.8	4.8	4.6
Education and culture	3.4	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.4
Health	2.7	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.9
Other	3.9	3.2	2.8	3.4	3.2
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Të Shqipërisë, 1988 (Statistical Yearbook of the Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiranë, 1988, 69.

Albania: Table 7. Primary Agricultural Output, Selected Years, 1979-88

**(in thousands of tons)**
Product	1979-81¹	1985	1987	1988
Wheat	492	530	565	589
Corn	318	400	320	306
All cereals	916	1,055	1,010	1,024
Potatoes	112	136	135	137
Meat²	52	54	55	56
Vegetables (including melons)	193	186	188	188
Tomatoes	44	47	48	48
Fruit (excluding melons)	156	193	210	216
Sugar beets	298	320	360	360
Milk	326	342	346	347
Eggs	10	13.2	13.2	14

¹ Annual averages.
² Beef, mutton, and pork.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91, London, 1990, 40.

Albania: Table 8. Structure of Industry, Selected Years, 1950-88

**(in percentages)**
Product	1950	1960	1970	1980	1985	1988
Food	64.1	43.5	30.4	25.6	25.3	24.7
Oil	18.8	15.5	14.9	9.2	5.7	5.2
Light industry	7.8	21.6	19.9	15.5	16.3	16.2
Wood and paper	6.7	11.2	8.0	5.8	5.8	5.1
Building materials	3.3	4.7	5.6	7.9	6.3	5.8
Engineering	3.1	2.9	7.6	12.5	14.7	14.5
Copper	2.2	0.8	5.2	6.4	7.6	8.8
Chromite	2.1	2.0	1.3	1.7	1.7	2.0
Printing	1.6	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7
Coal	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.7
Electric power	0.5	1.1	2.0	3.6	2.9	3.1
Chemicals	0.3	0.6	3.3	4.7	5.5	5.9
Glass and ceramies	---	0.2	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.9
Iron and metallurgy	n.a.	1.3	2.2	3.0	3.4	3.8
Other	1.5	0.2	0.3	1.1	1.2	1.5
TOTAL*	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

---means negligible.
n.a.--not available.
*Figures may not add to 100 percent because of rounding or because of unverified information in source.

Source: Based on information from Vjetari Statistiskor i R.P.S. Të Shqipërisë, 1988 (Statistical Yearbook of the Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiranë, 1988.

Albania: Table 9. Output of Main Industrial Products, 1980, 1985, and 1988

**(in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)**
Product	1980	1985	1988
Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours)	3,717	3,147	3,984
Blister copper	9.8	11	15
Copper wire and cable	5.7	9.4	116
Carbonic ferrochrome	12.2	11.9	38.7
Metallurgical coke	173	250	291
Rolled wrought steel	96	107	96
Phosphate fertilizer	150	157	165
Ammonium nitrate	109	95	96
Urea	88	78	77
Sulfuric acid	72	73	81
Caustic soda	25	29	31
Soda ash	23	22	22
Machinery and equipment (in millions of leks)*	350	465	496
Spare parts (in millions of leks)*	327	407	493
Cement	826	642	746
Bricks and tiles (in millions of pieces)	294	295	319
Refractory bricks (in millions of pieces)	4.8	28	30
Heavy cloth (in millions of meters)	12.5	12.3	11.3
Knitwear (in millions of pieces)	9.8	11	12.1
Footwear (in thousands of pairs)	4,735	4,800	5,396
Television receivers (in thousands)	21	21.3	16.5
Radio receivers (in thousands)	8	16	25
Cigarettes (in millions of pieces)	4,950	5,348	5,310
Soap and detergent	14.7	18.2	21.5

* For value of the lek--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book, 1991, 1, London, 1991, 301.

Albania: Table 10. Production of Energy and Mineral Ores, Selected Years, 1980-88

**(in thousands of tons unless otherwise indicated)**
Product	1980	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988
Energy
Coal	1,418	2,010	2,100	2,230	2,130	2,184
Crude oil	1,900*	1,300*	1,200*	1,400*	1,200	1,200*
Electricity (in gigawatt-hours)	3,717	3,800	3,147	5,070	4,200*	3,984
Ores
Chromite	1,004	960	1,111	1,207	1,080	1,109
Copper	769	1,007	989	1,024	1,160	1,087
Ferronickel	597	1,080	905	n.a.	970	1,067

n.a.--not available.
* Estimated.

Sources: Based on information from Per Sandstrom and Örjan Sjöberg, ""Albanian Economic Performance: Stagnation in the 1980s,"" Soviet Studies [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 941.

Albania: Table 11. Major Trading Partners, 1982-87

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
Country	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987
Imports
Yugoslavia	74	50	43	42	46	37*
Italy	42	28	27	15	9	26
Bulgaria	23	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Romania	19	27	20	22	23*	25*
West Germany	17	17	15	13	21	16
France	16	8	12	15	7	6
Poland	15	15	11	12*	12*	13*
Greece	13	18	10	3	56	14*
Hungary	12	9	8	10	11	13
China	4	7	2	6	13	19
United States	3	4	3	4	4	2
Britain	n.a.	n.a.	2	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Exports
Yugoslavia	74	38	46	41	47	49
West Germany	36	22	14	16	18	16
Italy	32	27	22	20	21	34
Romania	27	30	25	27	28*	31*
Bulgaria	23	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Poland	18	18	12	13*	14*	15*
United States	17	4	9	12	5	3
Greece	12	8	7	9	6	4*
Hungary	11	10	8	10	14	13
France	9	15	28	17	6	8
Britain	8	5	6	7	4	4
China	n.a.	4	3	10	9	15

n.a.--not available.
* Estimated.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91, London, 1990, 47; and International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics, Washington, n.d.

Albania: Table 12. Major Imports, Selected Years, 1970-88

**(in percentages)**
Product	1970	1975	1980	1985	1988
Capital goods	32.8	45.2	21.7	25.1	31.5
Spare parts	7.2	3.8	2.5	5.3	4.8
Fuels and minerals	21.6	21.4	35.8	27.0	23.1
Chemicals	9.4	8.3	14.9	14.1	12.7
Building materials	1.8	0.9	2.6	1.4	0.1
Nonedible agricultural products	14.7	11.3	13.5	12.8	13.5
Foodstuffs	3.4	5.0	4.0	8.3	8.1
Consumer goods	7.7	4.1	5.0	6.0	6.2
TOTAL*	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

* Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Gramoz Pashko, ""The Albanian Economy at the Beginning of the 1990s,"" in Örjan Sjöberg and Michael L. Wyzan (eds.), Economic Change in the Balkan States: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia, London, 1991, 137.

Albania: Table 13. Major Exports, Selected Years, 1970-88

**(in percentages)**
Product	1970	1975	1980	1985	1988
Fuels	27.4	25.7	29.0	15.1	7.9
Electric power	n.a.	2.9	9.1	7.8	7.3
Minerals and metals	31.1	26.9	24.5	31.5	39.8
Chemicals	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.7	0.8
Building materials	0.1	0.7	1.5	1.0	1.5
Nonedible agricultural products	13.1	9.4	10.4	14.6	16.1
Processed foods	15.1	15.5	8.4	10.8	8.7
Unprocessed foods	4.4	6.3	5.4	8.1	8.2
Consumer goods	7.6	12.3	10.5	10.7	9.7
TOTAL*	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

n.a.--not available.
* Figures may not add to total because of rounding.

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