Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population, Selected Years, 1600- 1991

**(in thousands)**
Year	Population	Year	Population
1600	1,800	1960	7,047
1700	2,100	1970	7,467
1800	3,064	1980	7,549
1850	3,650	1985	7,558
1900	6,004	1990	7,718
1930	6,684	1991	7,796

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1993, Vienna, 1993, 13.

Table 3. Population by Province, 1951, 1981, and 1991

**(in thousands)**
Province	1951	1981	1991
Burgenland	276	270	271
Carinthia	475	536	548
Lower Austria	1,400	1,428	1,474
Salzburg	327	442	482
Styria	1,109	1,187	1,185
Tirol	427	587	631
Upper Austria	1,109	1,270	1,333
Vorarlberg	194	305	331
Vienna	1,616	1,531	1,540
TOTAL*	6,934	7,555	7,796

*Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1993, Vienna, 1993, 13.

Table 4. Population of Official Ethnic Groups, Selected Years, 1910-81

Year	Croats	Slovenes	Czechs and Slovaks	Hungarians
1910	44,243	74,210	119,447	26,570
1951	34,427	42,095	4,118	5,566
1971	28,084	23,579	7,967¹	14,815²
1981	22,371	18,371	5,168	12,415

¹ Increase caused by naturalization of Czech and Slovak asylum-seekers after Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.
² Increase caused by naturalization of Hungarian asylum- seekers after failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

Source: Based on information from Jim Sweeney and Josef Weidenholzer (eds.), Austria: A Study in Modern Achievement, Aldershot, United Kingdom, 1988, 252.

Table 5. Overview of Education System, Academic Year 1990-91

Type of Institution	Number of Schools	Number of Teachers	Number of Students
Preschool and kindergarten	4,715	16,794	217,414
Elementary and middle schools	5,074	68,953	648,719
Basic vocational school	238	4,530	149,806
Middle vocational school	747	---	67,207
Vocational high school	299	18,292*	99,109
Teacher-training high school	44	7,121	10,227
Academic high school	325	17,999	83,801
Vocational college	44	155	2,863
Teacher-training college	27	1,715	6,281
University	18	11,511	192,928

*Includes teachers at middle vocational schools.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1992, Vienna, 1992, 75.

Table 6. Enrollment of Students Aged Ten to Fourteen, Selected Academic Years, 1960-61 to 1990-91

Year	AHS¹	HS²	Ratio AHS:HS
1960-61	50,773	205,965	1:4.1
1970-71	81,232	308,935	1:3.8
1980-81	102,743	367,611	1:3.6
1990-91	92,818	238,953	1:2.6

¹ Allgemeinbildende Höhere Schule (higher school of general education). Provides schooling leading to university study or advanced technical training.
² Hauptschule (middle school). Provides compulsory general education.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 80.

Table 7. University Attendance, Selected Academic Years, 1955-56 to 1991-92

Year	Students Enrolled	Percentage of Males	Percentage of Females	Degrees Awarded
1955-56	19,124	80	20	2,970
1960-61	38,533	77	23	3,257
1970-71	53,152	75	25	6,025
1980-81	115,616	60	40	8,047
1990-91	192,928	56	44	9,694
1991-92	201,615	56	44	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1992, Vienna, 1992, 80.

Table 8. Principal Causes of Death by Gender, 1989 and 1990

**(per 100,000 of the same gender)**
Cause	1989		1990
	Males	Females	Males	Females
Cardiovascular diseases	505.4	329.7	477.9	317.2
Cancer	263.5	160.9	262.7	159.5
Accidents	99.5	37.9	94.8	35.2
Respiratory diseases	58.2	25.2	58.7	26.3
Cirrhosis of the liver	42.7	13.1	41.9	13.2
Suicide	35.6	12.5	33.8	11.5
Other	69.4	68.6	70.4	69.7
TOTAL	1,074.3	647.9	1,040.2	632.6

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 441; and Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1992, Vienna, 1992, 453.

Table 9. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, Selected Years, 1960-90

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1960	1970	1980	1990
Agriculture and forestry	11.1	6.9	4.4	3.1
Mining and manufacturing	36.6	34.4	28.3	26.6
Power and water supply	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.5
Construction	7.6	8.2	8.2	7.0
Trade and tourism	15.5	18.1	16.8	16.4
Transportation and communications	6.0	5.9	5.8	6.2
Property administration	6.2	8.4	12.0	16.7
Other services	2.9	3.0	3.2	4.0
Less imputed bank service charges	- 2.3	-3.1	-4.5	-5.8
Other	10.9	11.9	13.7	13.8
Import levies	2.7	3.5	0.6	0.7
Value-added tax	n.a.	n.a.	8.5	8.8
TOTAL*	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

n.a.--not available.
* Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 210.

Table 10. Labor Force by Sector, 1970, 1980, and 1990

**(in percentages of total work force)**
Sector	1970	1980	1990
Agriculture and forestry	18.8	10.5	7.9
Mining and quarrying	1.0	0.6	0.4
Manufacturing	30.0	29.5	27.0
Electricity, gas, and water	1.1	1.3	1.2
Construction	8.2	8.8	8.4
Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels	14.2	17.1	18.6
Transportation, storage, and commerce	6.3	6.3	6.4
Finance, insurance, and business services	3.4	5.0	6.5
Communal, social, and personal services	16.5	20.8	23.7
Activities not adequately defined	0.3	0.1	---
TOTAL*	100.0	100.0	100.0

---means negligible.
*Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 108; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys, 1991-1992: Austria, Paris, 1992, 160-61.

Table 11. Distribution of Trade, 1970, 1980, and 1990

**(in percentages)**
	1970	1980	1990
Exports
EC¹	39.4	55.2	64.5
EFTA²	25.3	12.4	10.1
Eastern Europe³	12.9	12.1	8.5
OPEC⁴	n.a.	5.6	2.7
West Germany	23.4	30.8	36.7
Switzerland	10.4	7.5	6.9
Italy	9.7	11.0	9.8
Britain	6.1	3.7	3.9
United States	4.1	2.2	3.2
Netherlands	2.9	2.6	2.9
Soviet Union	2.9	2.7	2.2
France	2.2	3.5	4.8
Japan	0.5	0.8	1.6
Imports
EC	56.0	62.4	68.3
EFTA	19.1	7.9	7.1
Eastern Europe	9.3	9.7	6.0
OPEC	n.a.	7.1	2.1
West Germany	41.2	40.8	43.7
Switzerland	7.4	5.0	4.3
Britain	6.8	2.7	2.6
Italy	6.5	9.1	9.1
France	3.5	3.9	4.2
United States	3.4	3.4	3.6
Netherlands	2.9	2.7	2.8
Soviet Union	2.2	4.2	1.8
Japan	1.0	2.4	4.5

n.a.--not available.
¹ European Community. In November 1993, it became known as the European Union.
² European Free Trade Association.
³ Does not include the Soviet Union.
⁴ Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1972, Vienna, 1972, 196-97; Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1982, Vienna, 1982, 369; and Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 310.

Table 12. Balance of Payments, 1989 and 1991

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1989	1991
Merchandise exports, f.o.b.*	31,832	40,136
Merchandise imports, f.o.b.	- 38,437	-52,186
Trade balance	-6,605	-12,050
Exports of services	18,841	26,064
Imports of services	-10,931	-12,524
Other income received	6,876	9,893
Other income paid	-7,965	-11,693
Private unrequited transfers (net)	- 57	166
Official unrequited transfers (net)	- 72	-108
Current account balance	59	-252
Direct investment (net)	-66	-768
Portfolio investment (net)	1,197	574
Other capital (net)	-300	211
Capital account balance	831	17
Errors and ommissions (net)	106	1,107
Overall balance	996	872

*f.o.b.--free on board.

Source: Based on information from The Europa World Year Book, 1993, 1, London, 1993, 412.

Table 13. Selected Nationalrat Election Results, 1945-90

**(in percentages of valid votes and number of seats)**
Year	SPÖ¹		ÖVP²		FPÖ³		KPÖ⁴		Greens⁵
	Percentage	Seats	Percentage	Seats	Percentage	Seats	Percentage	Seats	Percentage	Seats
1945	45	76	50	85	---	---	5	4	---	---
1949	39	67	44	77	12	16	5	5	---	---
1953	42	73	41	74	11	14	5	4	---	---
1956	43	74	46	82	7	6	4	3	---	---
1959	45	78	44	79	8	8	3	0	---	---
1962	44	76	45	81	7	8	3	0	---	---
1966	43	74	48	85	5	6	1	0	---	---
1970	48	81	45	78	6	6	1	0	---	---
1971	50	93	43	80	6	10	1	0	---	---
1975	51	93	43	80	5	10	1	0	---	---
1979	51	95	42	77	6	11	1	0	---	---
1983	48	90	43	81	5	12	1	0	---	---
1986	43	80	41	77	10	18	1	0	5	8
1990	43	80	32	60	17	33	0	0	5	10

--- means not applicable.
¹ Sozialistische Partei Österreichs (Socialist Party of Austria).
² Österreichische Volkspartei (Austrian People's Party).
³ Freiheitlich Partei Österreichs (Freedom Party of Austria).
⁴ Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (Communist Party of Austria).
⁵ Greens are those environmentalist groups elected to the Nationalrat. The various groups that make up the Greens were formed in the 1980s. They gained their first seats in 1986.

Source: Based on information from Austria, Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt, Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österrei

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