You are here -allRefer - Reference - Country Study & Country Guide - China >

allRefer Reference and Encyclopedia Resource

allRefer    
allRefer
   


-- Country Study & Guide --     

 

China

 
Country Guide
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belize
Bhutan
Bolivia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Caribbean Islands
Comoros
Cyprus
Czechoslovakia
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
Georgia
Germany
Germany (East)
Ghana
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Cote d'Ivoire
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Laos
Lebanon
Libya
Lithuania
Macau
Madagascar
Maldives
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Nepal
Nicaragua
Nigeria
North Korea
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Seychelles
Singapore
Somalia
South Africa
South Korea
Soviet Union [USSR]
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
Turkey
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yugoslavia
Zaire

Bibliography -- China


Chapter 1

Barnett, A. Doak. "Ten Years after Mao," Foreign Affairs,
     65, No. 1, Fall 1986, 37-65.

______. Uncertain Passage: China's Transition to the Post-Mao
     Era. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1974.

Baum, Richard. Prelude to Revolution: Mao, the Party, and the
     Peasant Question. New York: Columbia University Press,
     1975.

Bedeski, Robert E. "The Evolution of the Modern State in China:
     National and Communist Continuities," World Politics,
     27, No. 4, July 1975, 541-68.

Bianco, Lucien. "People's China: 25 Years. `Fu-chiang' and Red
     Fervor," Problems of Communism, 23, September-October
     1974, 2-9.

Boorman, Howard L., and Richard C. Howard (eds.). Biographic
     Dictionary of Republican China. 5 vols. New York:
     Columbia University Press, 1967-79.

Bridgham, Philip. "The Fall of Lin Piao," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 55, July-September 1973, 427-49.

Brodsgaard, Kjeld Erik. "The Democracy Movement in China,
     1978-1979: Opposition Movements, Wall Poster Campaigns, and
     Underground Journals," Asian Survey, 21, No. 7, July
     1981, 747-74.

Buhite, Russell D. Decisions at Yalta: An Appraisal of Summit
     Diplomacy. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources,
     1986.

Burns, John P. "Reforming China's Bureaucracy, 1979-82," Asian
     Survey, 23, No. 6, June 1983, 692-722.

Burns, John P., and Stanley Rosen (eds.). Policy Conflicts in
     Post-Mao China: A Documentary Survey, with Analysis.
     Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1986.

Chang, Chun-shu. The Making of China: Main Themes in Premodern
     Chinese History. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Chang, Parris H. "Chinese Politics: Deng's Turbulent Quest,"
     Problems of Communism, 30, No. 1, January-February
     1981, 1- 21.

______. Power and Policy in China. University Park:
     Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975.

Chen, Yung-fa. Making Revolution: The Communist Movement in
     Eastern and Central China, 1937-1945. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

Cheng, Te-k'un. Studies in Chinese Archaeology. Hong Kong:
     Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 1982.

Cheng Dalin. The Great Wall of China. Hong Kong: South
     China Morning Post, 1984.

Chesneaux, Jean. China: The People's Republic, 1949-1976.
     (Trans., Paul Aster and Lydia Davis.) New York: Pantheon,
     1979.

Chi, Wen-shun. Ideological Conflicts in Modern China: Democracy
     and Authoritarianism. New Brunswick, New Jersey:
     Transaction Books, 1986.

China Handbook Editorial Committee. China Handbook Series:
     History. (Trans., Dun J. Li.) Beijing: Foreign Languages
     Press, 1982.

China Official Annual Report. Hong Kong: Kingsway
     International, 1981-83.

Coye, Molly Joel, and Jon Livingston (eds.). China Yesterday
     and Today. (2d ed.) New York: Bantam Books, 1979.

Cranmer-Byng, John. "The Chinese View of Their Place in the World:
     An Historical Perspective," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 53, January-March 1973, 67-79.

deBary, Wm. Theodore, et al. Sources of Chinese Tradition.
     New York: Columbia University Press, 1960.

Dien, Albert E., et al. (eds.). Chinese Archaeological
     Abstracts. 2. Prehistoric to Western Zhou. (Monumenta
     Archaeologica, vol. 9.) Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology,
     University of California at Los Angeles, 1985.

Dittmer, Lowell. "Bases of Power in Chinese Politics: A Theory and
     an Analysis of the Fall of the `Gang of Four'," World
     Politics, 30, No. 4, October 1978, 26-60.

______. "Death and Transfiguration: Liu Shaoqi's Rehabilitation and
     Contemporary Chinese Politics," Journal of Asian
     Studies, 40, No. 3, May 1981, 455-80.

______. Liu Shao-ch'i and the Chinese Cultural Revolution: The
     Politics of Mass Criticism. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
     University of California Press, 1974.

Domes, Jurgen. The Internal Politics of China, 1949-1972.
     (Trans., Rudiger Machetzki.) New York: Praeger, 1973.

______. China after the Cultural Revolution: Politics Between
     Two Party Congresses. (With a contribution by Marie-Luise
     Nath.) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1977.

______. The Government and Politics of the PRC: A Time of
     Transition. Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

Dreyer, June Teufel. "China's Quest for a Socialist Solution,"
     Problems of Communism, 24, September-October 1975,
     49-62.

Eberhard, Wolfram. A History of China. (4th ed.) Berkeley
     and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977.

Egashira, K. "Chinese-Style Socialism: Some Aspects of Its Origin
     and Structure," Asian Survey, 15, No. 11, November
     1975, 981-95.

Elisseeff, Daniel, and Vadime Elisseeff. (Trans., Larry Lockwood.)
     New Discoveries in China: Encountering History Through
     Archaeology. Fribourg, Switzerland: Chartwell Books,
     1983.

Elvin, Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1973.

Fairbank, John King. The Great Chinese Revolution,
     1800-1985. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

Fairbank, John K., and Edwin O. Reischauer. China: Tradition &
     Transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.

Fairbank, John K., Edwin O. Reischauer, and Albert Craig. East
     Asia: The Modern Transformation. Boston: Houghton
     Mifflin, 1965.

Fontana, Dorothy Grouse. "Background to the Fall of Hua Guofeng,"
     Asian Survey, 22, No. 3, March 1982, 237-60.

Gayn, Mark. "People's China: 25 Years. A View from the Village,"
     Problems of Communism, 23, September-October 1974,
     10-15.

Gittings, John. "New Light on Mao: His View of the World,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 60, October-December
     1974, 750- 66.

______. The World and China, 1922-1972. New York: Harper
     & Row, 1974.

Goodman, David S.G. "China: The Politics of Succession," World
     Today [London], 33, No. 4, April 1977, 131-40.

______. "The Provincial Revolutionary Committee in the People's
     Republic of China, 1967-79: An Obituary," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 85, March 1981, 49-79.

Goodrich, L. Carrington. A Short History of the Chinese
     People. London: Allen & Unwin, 1969.

Grieder, Jerome B. Intellectuals and the State in Modern China:
     A Narrative History. (Transformation of Modern China
     series.) New York: Free Press, 1981.

Han, Suyin. The Morning Deluge: Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese
     Revolution, 1893-1953. London: Jonathan Cape, 1972.

______. Wind in the Tower: Mao Tsetung and the Chinese
     Revolution, 1949-1975. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976.

Harding, Harry, Jr. "Asian Communism in Flux: China after Mao,"
     Problems of Communism, 26, March-April 1977, 1-18.

______. "China: The 1st Year Without Mao," Contemporary
     China, No. 2, Spring 1978, 81-98.

______. China: The Uncertain Future. (Headline series, No.
     223.) New York: Foreign Policy Association, December 1974.

Hearn, Maxwell K. "An Ancient Chinese Army Rises from Underground
     Sentinel Duty," Smithsonian, 10, No. 8, November
     1979, 38-51.

Hiniker, Paul J. "The Cultural Revolution Revisited: Dissonance
     Reduction or Power Maximization," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 94, June 1983, 282-303.

Hinton, Harold C. (ed.). The People's Republic of China: A
     Handbook. Boulder: Westview Press, 1979.

Ho, Ping-ti. "The Paleoenvironment of North China--A Review
     Article," Journal of Asian Studies, 43, No. 4, August
     1984, 723-34.

Hsieh, Chiao-min. Atlas of China. New York: McGraw-Hill,
     1973.

Hsiung, James C. Ideology and Practice: The Evolution of
     Chinese Communism. New York: Praeger, 1970.

Hsu, Cho-yun. "Early Chinese History: The State of the Field,"
     Journal of Asian Studies, 38, No. 3, May 1979,
     453-75.

Hsu, Immanuel C.Y. The Rise of Modern China. (3d ed.) New
     York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Hu Sheng, et al. The 1911 Revolution: A Retrospective after 70
     Years. (China Studies series.) Beijing: New World Press,
     1983.

Hucker, Charles O. China to 1850: A Short History.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1978.

Johnson, Chalmers (ed.). Ideology and Politics in Contemporary
     China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1973.

Johnson, David, et al. (eds.). Popular Culture in Late Imperial
     China. (Studies on China series.) Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1985.

Kim, Ilpyong J. The Politics of Chinese Communism: Kiangsi
     under the Soviets. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University
     of California Press, 1974.

Klein, Donald W., and Anne B. Clark. Biographic Dictionary of
     Chinese Communism, 1921-1965. 2 vols. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1971.

Knightly, David N. "Shang China Is Coming of Age--A Review
     Article," Journal of Asian Studies, 41, No. 3, May
     1982, 549-57.

La Dany, L. "People's China: 25 Years. Shrinking Political Life,"
     Problems of Communism, 23, September-October 1974,
     25-28.

Lee, Shao Chang. "China's Cultural Development." (Wall chart) East
     Lansing, Michigan, 1964.

Levenson, Joseph R., and Franz Schurmann. China: An
     Interpretative History from the Beginnings to the Fall of
     Han. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1969.

Li, Dun J. The Ageless Chinese: A History. New York:
     Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971.

Li Xueqin. Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilization. (Trans.,
     K.C. Chang.) New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

Lieberthal, Kenneth. "China in 1975: The Internal Political Scene,"
     Problems of Communism, 24, May-June 1975, 1-11.

Lindsay, Michael. "Analysis of the People's Republic of China,"
     Asia Quarterly [Brussels], 2, 1975, 153-74.

______. "The Chinese Communist Party: History and Doctrines." Pages
     123-96 in Yuan-li Wu (ed.), China: A Handbook. New
     York: Praeger, 1973.

Liu, James T.C. Political Institutions in Traditional China:
     Major Issues. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974.

Loewe, Michael. Imperial China: The Historical Background to
     the Modern Age. New York: Praeger, 1966.

MacFarquhar, Roderick. "China after the 10th Congress," World
     Today [London], 29, No. 12, December 1973, 514-26.

Mancall, Mark. China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign
     Policy. (Transformation of Modern China series.) New
     York: Free Press, 1984.

Meisner, Maurice. Mao's China and After: A History of the
     People's Republic. (rev. ed.) (Transformation of Modern
     China series.) New York: Free Press, 1986.

Michael, Franz. "China after the Cultural Revolution: The
     Unresolved Succession Crisis," Orbis, 17, No. 2,
     Summer 1973, 315-33.

Oksenberg, Michel. "Mao's Policy Commitments, 1921-1976,"
     Problems of Communism, 25, November-December 1979,
     1-26.

Oksenberg, Michel, and Steven Goldstein. "The Chinese Political
     Spectrum," Problems of Communism, 23, March-April
     1974, 1- 13.

Onate, Andres D. Chairman Mao and the Chinese Communist
     Party. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979.

People's Republic of China Year Book. Beijing: Xinhua
     Publishing House, 1983-85.

Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. The Han Dynasty. (Trans.,
     Janet Seligman.) New York: Rizzoli, 1982.

Pong, David, and Edmund S.K. Fung (eds.). Ideal and Reality:
     Social and Political Changes in Modern China, 1860-1949.
     Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.

Pye, Lucian W. "Mao Tse-tung's Leadership Style," Political
     Science Quarterly, 91, No. 2, Summer 1976, 219-36.

Qi Wen. China: A General Survey. Beijing: Foreign
     Languages Press, 1979.

Reischauer, Edwin O. "The Sinic World in Perspective," Foreign
     Affairs, 52, No. 2, January 1974, 341-48.

Rice, Edward E. Mao's Way. Berkeley and Los Angeles: 
     University of California Press, 1972.

______. "People's China: 25 Years. A Radical Break with the Past,"
     Problems of Communism, 23, September-October 1974,
     16-20.

Ristaino, Marcia R. China's Art of Revolution: The Mobilization
     of Discontent, 1927 and 1928. Durham: Duke University
     Press, 1987.

Rossabi, Morris (ed.) China among Equals: The Middle Kingdom
     and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1983.

Salisbury, Harrison E. The Long March: The Untold Story.
     Franklin Center, Pennsylvania: Franklin Library, 1985.

Sandschneider, Eberhard. "Political Succession in the People's
     Republic of China: Rule by Purge," Asian Survey, 25,
     No. 6, June 1985, 638-58.

Schram, Stuart R. "To Utopia and Back: A Cycle in the History of
     Chinese Communist Party," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 87, September 1981, 407-39.

Schurmann, Franz, and Orville Schell (eds.). Communist China:
     Revolutionary Reconstruction and International Confrontation,
     1949 to the Present (China readings, 3). Harmondsworth:
     Penguin, 1968.

Schwarcz, Vera. The Chinese Enlightenment: Intellectuals and
     the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919. Berkeley
     and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

Service, John S. "Edgar Snow: Some Personal Reminiscences,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 50, April-June 1972,
     209-19.

Smith, Richard J. China's Cultural Heritage: The Ch'ing
     Dynasty, 1644-1912. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

Solomon, Richard H. Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political
     Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
     California Press, 1971.

Somers, Robert M. "Time, Space, and Structure in the Consolidation
     of the T'ang Dynasty (A.D. 617-700)," Journal of Asian
     Studies, 45, No. 5, November 1986, 971-94.

Starr, John Bryan. "Chinese Politics, 1973-76: From the 10th Party
     Congress to the Premiership of Hua Kuo-feng: The Significance
     of the Colour of the Cat," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 67, September 1976, 457-88.

Sullivan, Lawrence R. "The Role of the Control Organs in the CCP,
     1977-83," Asian Survey, 24, No. 6, June 1984, 597-
     619.

Tang Tsou. The Cultural Revolution and Post-Mao Reforms: A
     Historical Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago
     Press, 1986.

Teiwes, Frederick C. "Reports from China: Before and after the
     Cultural Revolution," China Quarterly [London], No.
     58, April-May 1974, 332-48.

Terrill, Ross. "China in the 1980s," Foreign Affairs, 58,
     No. 4, Spring 1980, 920-35.

______. 800,000,000: The Real China. Boston: Little,
     Brown, 1972.
Terrill, Ross (ed.). The China Difference. New York:
     Harper & Row, 1979.

Thaxton, Ralph. "On Peasant Revolution and National Resistance:
     Toward a Theory of Peasant Mobilization and Revolutionary War
     with Special Reference to Modern China," World
     Politics, 30, No. 1, October 1977, 24-57.

Thornton, Richard C. China: A Political History,
     1917-1980. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.

Townsend, James R., and Brantly Womack. Politics in China.
     (3d ed.) (Series in Comparative Politics: A Country Study.)
     Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

Tung Chi-ming (comp.). An Outline History of China.
     (Originally published in People's Republic of China by Foreign
     Languages Press in 1958 and 1959.) Hong Kong: Joint
     Publishing, 1979.

Uhalley, Stephen, Jr. Mao Tse-tung: A Critical Biography.
     New York: New Viewpoints, 1975.

Wakeman, Frederic E., Jr. The Fall of Imperial China.
     (Transformation of Modern China series.) New York: Free Press,
     1975.

Walder, Andrew G. "Methodological Note: Press Accounts and the
     Study of Chinese Society," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 79, September 1979, 568-92.

Wang, Ting. "The Succession Problem," Problems of
     Communism, 22, No. 3, May-June 1973, 13-24.

Whiting, Allen S. "New Light on Mao. Quemoy 1958: Mao's
     Miscalculations," China Quarterly [London], No. 62,
     June 1975, 263-70.

Whitson, William W. Chinese Military and Political Leaders and
     the Distribution of Power in China, 1956-1971.
     (R-1091-DOS ARPA June 1973.)(Report prepared for Defense
     Advanced Research Projects Agency and Department of State.)
     Santa Monica: Rand, June 1973.

Wich, Richard. "The Tenth Party Congress: The Power Structure and
     the Succession Question," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 58, April-May 1974, 231-48.

Wilson, Dick (ed.). Mao Tse-tung in the Scales of History.
     (Preliminary assessment organized by China
     Quarterly.) London: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Womack, Brantly. "Modernization and Democratic Reforms in China,"
     Journal of Asian Studies, 43, No. 3, May 1984, 417-
     40.

Wu, Yuan-li (ed.). China: A Handbook. New York: Praeger,
     1973.

Yang, Benjamin. "The Zunyi Conference as One Step in Mao's Rise to
     Power: A Survey of Historical Studies of the Chinese Communist
     Party," China Quarterly [London], No. 106, June 1986,
     235- 71.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Beijing Review [Beijing];
Bibliography of Asian Studies; China
News Analysis [Hong Kong]; China Quarterly [London];
Chinese Studies in History; Foreign Broadcast Information
Service, Daily Report: China; Joint Publications Research
Service, China Report: Political, Sociological, and Military
Affairs, and Journal of Asian Studies.

Chapter 2

Aird, John S. "Fertility Decline in China." Pages 119-227 in
     Nicholas Eberstadt (ed.), Fertility Decline in the Less
     Developed Countries. New York: Praeger, 1981.

______. "The Preliminary Results of China's 1982 Census," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 96, December 1983, 613-40.

Arnold, Fred, and Liu Zhaoxiang. "Sex Preference, Fertility, and
     Family Planning in China," Population and Development
     Review, 12, No. 2, June 1986, 221-46.

Banister, Judith. "An Analysis of Recent Data on the Population of
     China," Population and Development Review, 10, No. 2,
     June 1984, 241-71.

______. China's Changing Population. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1987.

______. "Urban-Rural Population Projections for China." Bureau of
     the Census, Center for International Research, Washington:
     March 1986.

Banister, Judith, and Kim Woodward. "A Tale of New Cities,"
     China Business Review, 14, No. 2, March-April 1987,
     12-21.

Bianco, Lucien. "Family Planning Programs and Fertility Decline in
     Taiwan and Mainland China: A Comparison," Issues &
     Studies [Taipei], 21, No. 11, November 1985, 53-95.

Bongaarts, John, and Susan Greenhalgh. "An Alternative to the
     One-Child Policy in China." (Working Papers, No. 115.) New
     York: Center for Policy Studies, Population Council, October
     1985.

Burns, John P., and Stanley Rosen (eds.). Policy Conflicts in
     Post-Mao China: A Documentary Survey, with Analysis.
     Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1986.

Chan, Kam Wing, and Xu Xueqiang. "Urban Population Growth and
     Urbanization in China since 1949: Reconstructing a Baseline,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 104, December 1985,
     583-613.

Chang, Luke T. China's Boundary Treaties and Frontier
     Disputes. London: Oceana, 1982.

Chang, Sen-dou. "Trends in Internal Migration and Urbanization in
     China." (Paper presented at China Population Analysis
     Conference, University of Hawaii, East-West Center, May 19-23,
     1980.) Honolulu: 1980.

Chao, Kang. Man and Land in Chinese History: An Economic
     Analysis. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986.

Chen Haifeng. Modern Chinese Medicine, III: Chinese Health
     Care. Beijing: MTP Press, 1984.

Chen, Xiangming. "The One-Child Population Policy, Modernization,
     and the Extended Chinese Family," Journal of Marriage and
     the Family, 47, No. 1, February 1985, 193-202.

China. State Statistical Bureau. China: Urban Statistics,
     1985. Essex, United Kingdom: Longman Group, 1985.

China Handbook Editorial Committee. China Handbook Series:
     Economy. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1984.

______. China Handbook Series: Georgraphy. Beijing:
     Foreign Languages Press, 1983.

Chung Chi. An Outline of Chinese Geography. Beijing:
     Foreign Languages Press, 1978.

Cressy, George Babcock. Land of the 500 Million. New York:
     McGraw-Hill, 1955.

Croizier, Ralph. Traditional Medicine in Modern China.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.

Croll, Elisabeth J. China's One-Child Family Policy. New
     York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

______. "Production Versus Reproduction: A Threat to China's
     Development Strategy," World Development [Oxford],
     11, No. 6, June 1983, 467-81.

Davin, Delia. "The Single-child Family Policy in the Countryside."
     Pages 37-45 in Elisabeth Croll (ed.), China's One-Child
     Family Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Dreyer, June Teufel. China's Forty Millions: Minority
     Nationalities and National Integration in the People's
     Republic of China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
     1976.

Editorial Committee of the China Official Yearbook. China
     Official Yearbook, 1983-84, Hong Kong: Dragon Pearl,
     1983. 

Edward, Mike. "China's Born-Again Giant Shanghai," National
     Geographic, 158, No. 1, July 1980, 15-43.

Emerson, John Philip. The Growth of the Chinese Labor Force,
     1957-1979. Washington: Department of Commerce, 1981.

Fang Chun-ie. 1981 2 China Official Annual Report. Hong
     Kong: Kingsway International, 1981.

Fei Hsiao Tung. Toward a People's Anthropology. Beijing:
     New World Press, 1981.

Geelan, P.J.M., and D.C. Twitchett (eds.). Times Atlas of
     China. London: Times Newspapers, 1974.

Goldstein, Sydney, and Alice Goldstein. "China on the Move: New
     Responsibilities, New Challenges," Pages 59-71 in Jane
     Vanderlind and William Barrows (eds.), Proceedings of the
     Eighteenth Annual Conference. New York: Association for
     Population Family Planning Libraries and Information Centers,
     International, 1986.

______. Population Mobility in the People's Republic of
     China. (Papers of the East-West Population Institute, No.
     95, East-West Center.) University of Hawaii: Honolulu, 1985.

Goyer, Doreen. Workshop in Census Population. Pages 41-56
     in Jane Vanderlind and William Barrows (eds.). Proceedings
     of the Eighteenth Annual Conference. New York:
     Association for Population Family Planning Libraries and
     Information Centers, International, 1986.

"Greenery to Be Accelerated," Beijing Review [Beijing],
     27, No. 12, March 19, 1984, 10.

Hoffman, Charles. "Employment in the People's Republic of China,"
     Asian Thought and Society, 7, No. 20, July 1982,
     156-75.

Hsiao, William C. "Transformation of Health Care in China," New
     England Journal of Medicine, 310, No. 14, April 5, 1984,
     932-36.

Hsieh, Chiao-min. Atlas of China. New York: McGraw-Hill,
     1973.

Jamison, Dean T. China: The Health Sector. (World Bank
     Country Study, No. 84-13150). Washington: World Bank, 1984.

Kallgren, Joyce K. "Family Planning in China," Current
     History, 85, No. 512, September 1986, 269-72, 281, 304.

Kaplan, Fredric M., Julian M. Sobin, and Stephen Andors (eds.).
     Encyclopedia of China Today. Fair Lawn, New Jersey:
     Eurasia Press, 1979.

Keyfitz, Nathan. "The Population of China," Scientific
     American, 250, No. 2, February 1984, 38-47.

Kirkby, R.J.R. Land of the 500 Million. New York: McGraw-
     Hill, 1955.

______. Urbanization in China: Town and Country in a Developing
     Economy, 1949-2000 AD. New York: Columbia University
     Press, 1985.

Lampton, David M. The Politics of Medicine in China.
     (Westview Special Studies on China and East Asia.) Boulder:
     Westview Press, 1977.

Li Chengrui (ed.). A Census of One Billion People: Papers on
     the International Seminar on China's 1982 Census.
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1987.

Li Shengqi. "The Kazak: A Nationality on Horseback," New China
     Quarterly [Hong Kong], No. 1, July 1986, 92-95.

Liu, Alan P.L. How China Is Ruled. Englewood Cliffs:
     Prentice-Hall, 1986.

Lu Guangtian. "A Review of Demographic Studies of China's National
     Minorities," Social Sciences in China [Beijing], No.
     3, September 1986, 89-110.

Ma, Laurence J.C. "Preliminary Results of the 1982 Census,"
     Geographical Review, 73, No. 2, April 1983, 198-210.

Moser, Leo J. The Chinese Mosaic: The Peoples and Provinces of
     China. (Westview Special Studies on East Asia, No. 9.)
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

Mosher, Steven. "Thinking Clear: Forced Abortions and Infanticide
     in Communist China," Human Life Review, 11, No. 3,
     Summer 1985, 7-34.

Orleans, Leo A. Every Fifth Child: The Population of
     China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972. 

______. Health Policies and Services in China. (U.S.
     Congress, 93d, 2d Session, Senate, Committee on Labor and
     Public Welfare, Subcommittee on Health.) Washington: GPO,
     1974.

Orleans, Leo A., and Ly Burnham. "The Enigma of China's Urban
     Population," Asian Survey, 24, No. 7, July 1984,
     788-804.

Pannell, Clifton W., and Laurence J.C. Ma. China: The Geography
     of Development and Modernization. Washington: Winston and
     Sons, 1983.

Parish, William L., and Martin King Whyte. Village and Family
     Life in Contemporary China. Chicago: University of
     Chicago Press, 1978.

Physical Geography of China. Beijing, 1986.

Platte, Erika. "China's Fertility Transition: The One-Child
     Campaign," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 57, No. 4,
     Winter 1984-85, 646-71.

Prescott, J.R.V. The Maritime Boundaries of the World. New
     York: Methuen, 1985.

Qi Wen. China: A General Survey. Beijing: Foreign
     Languages Press, 1979.

"Reforming the Public Security Forces," China News
     Analysis [Hong Kong], No. 1318, September 15, 1986, 1-9.

Rosenthal, Marilynn M. Health Care in the People's Republic of
     China: Moving Toward Modernization. (Westview Special
     Studies on China.) Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

Schwarz, Henry G. The Minorities of Northern China: A
     Survey. Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian
     Studies, Western Washington University, 1984.

Shabad, Theodore. China's Changing Map. New York: Praeger,
     1972.

Shan Fang. "Mainland China's Rural Surplus Labor," Issues &
     Studies, [Taipei], 22, No. 4, April 1986, 51-68.

Taylor, Jeffrey R. Employment and Unemployment in China:
     Results from 10-Percent Sample Tabulation of 1982 Population
     Census. (Foreign Economic Report, No. 23.) Washington:
     Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, September 1985.

Tien, H. Yuan. "China: Demographic Billionaire," Population
     Bulletin, 38, No. 2, April 1983, 1-43.

______. "Redirection of the Chinese Family: Ramifications of
     Minimal Reproduction."(Michigan State University Working
     Papers, Women in International Development series, No. 67.)
     East Lansing: Michigan State University, October 1984.

Ting, Tin-yu, and Chen Hsin-mu. "Involuntary Family Size: An
     Evaluation of Mainland China's One-Child Family Policy,"
     Issues & Studies [Taipei], 22, No. 2, February 1986,
     45-63.

Treagear, T.R. An Economic Geography of China. New York:
     American Elsevier, 1970.

United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research
     Service. China: Review of Agriculture in 1981 and Outlook
     for 1982, Washington, August 1982.

United States. Department of Interior. Board on Geographic Names.
     Gazetteer of the People's Republic of China: Pinyin to
     Wade- Giles, Wade-Giles to Pinyin, Washington, July 1979.

United States. Congress. 99th, 1st Session. Senate. Committee on
     Finance. MFN Status for Hungary, Romania, China, and
     Afghanistan. Washington: GPO, 1986.

United States. Congress. 99th, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.) China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 1: The
     Four Modernizations. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Warner, Denis. "The Bear Across the Chinese Border," Pacific
     Defence Reporter [Victoria, Australia] 13, No. 3,
     September 1986, 31-33.

Wu Yiming. People's Republic of China Year-Book, 1984.
     Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 1984.

Yang, Zunyi. The Geology of China. New York: Oxford
     University Press, 1986.

Yue, Guangzhao. "Employment, Wages and Social Security in China,"
     International Labor Review [Montreal] 124, No. 4,
     July-August 1985, 411-22.

Zhao Songqiao. Physical Geography of China. Beijing:
     Science Press, 1986.

Zheng Zhensun. People's Republic of China Year Book, 1985,
     Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 1985.

Zhongguo 1982 Nian Renkou Pucha Ziliao (Dianzi Jisuanji
     Huizong) [1982 Population Census of China] (Results of
     Computer Tabulation), Beijing, March 1985.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Beijing Review [Beijing];
British Broadcasting Corporation, Summary of World Broadcasts:
Far East Report [Caversham Park, United Kingdom]; China
Daily [Beijing]; China Reconstructs [Beijing];
Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong]; Foreign Broadcast
Information Service, Daily Report: China; Joint
Publications Research Service, China Report: Political,
Sociological, and Military Affairs; and Ta Kung Pao Weekly
Supplement [Hong Kong].

Chapter 3

"As We Reform the Party, We Must Oppose The Art of Using
     Connections," Study and Research [Beijing], May 5,
     1985, 43- 46.

Bernstein, Thomas. Up to the Mountains and Down to the
     Villages: The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural
     China. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

Blecher, Mark. "Balance and Cleavage in Urban-Rural Relations."
     Pages 219-45 in William L. Parish, (ed.), Chinese Rural
     Development: The Great Transformation. Armonk, New York:
     Sharpe, 1985.

Bodde, Derk. China's Cultural Tradition: What and Whither?
     New York: Rinehart, 1957.

Brown, G. Thompson. Christianity in the People's Republic of
     China. (rev. ed.) Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1986.

Chan, Anita. Children of Mao: Personality Development and
     Political Activism in the Red Guard Generation. Seattle:
     University of Washington Press, 1985.

Chan, Anita, and Jonathan Unger. "Grey and Black: The Hidden
     Economy of Rural China," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver],
     55, No. 3, Fall 1982, 452-71.

Chan, Anita, Richard Madsen, and Jonathan Unger. Chen Village:
     The Recent History of a Peasant Community in Mao's China.
     Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
     1984.

Chao Yuen Ren. Aspects of Chinese Sociolinguistics.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1976.

Chesneaux, Jean. Popular Movements and Secret Societies in
     China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977.

China. State Statistical Bureau. Statistical Yearbook of China,
     1986. Hong Kong: Economic Information & Agency, 1986.

Croll, Elisabeth. "Marriage Choice and Status Groups in
     Contemporary China." Pages 175-97 in James L. Watson (ed.),
     Class and Social Stratification in Post-Revolution
     China. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Davin, Delia. Woman-Work: Women and the Party in Revolutionary
     China. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

DeGlopper, Donald R. "Recent Changes in Chinese Society,"
     Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
     Sciences, 402, July 1972, 15-25.

Diamond, Norma. "Taitou Revisited: State Policies and Social
     Change." Pages 246-70 in William L. Parish (ed.), Chinese
     Rural Development. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1985.

"Educated Women Groan under Housework," Beijing Review
     [Beijing], 29, No. 49, December 8, 1986, 20.

Edwards, R. Randle. "Civil and Social Rights: Theory and Practice
     in Chinese Law Today." Pages 41-69 in R. Randle Edwards, Louis
     Henkin, and Andrew J. Nathan (eds.), Human Rights in
     Contemporary China. New York: Columbia University Press,
     1986.

Fewsmith, Joseph. "Rural Reform in China: Stage Two," Problems
     of Communism, 34, No. 4, July-August 1985, 48-55.

Gold, Thomas. "After Comradeship: Personal Relations in China since
     the Cultural Revolution," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 104, December 1985, 657-75.

Graham, A.C. Two Chinese Philosophers: Cheng Ming-tao and Cheng
     Yi-chuan. London: Lund Humphries, 1958.

Henderson, Gail. The Chinese Hospital. New Haven: Yale 
     University Press, 1984.

Hinton, William. Hundred Day War: The Cultural Revolution in
     Tsinghua University. New York: Monthly Review Press,
     1972.

Hsiao Kung-ch'uan. Rural China: Imperial Control in the
     Nineteenth Century. Seattle: University of Washington
     Press, 1960.

Kirkby, Richard J.R. Urbanization in China: Town and Country in
     a Developing Economy, 1949-2000 AD. New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1985.

Leong, S.T. "The Hakka Chinese of Lingnan: Ethnicity and Social
     Change in Modern Times." Pages 287-326 in David Pong and
     Edmund S.K. Fung (eds.), Ideal and Reality: Social and
     Political Change in Modern China, 1860-1949. Lanham,
     Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.

Levenson, Joseph R. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate.
     Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
     1968.

Lewis, John Wilson (ed.). The City in Communist China.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971.

Liang Heng, and Judith Shapiro. Son of the Revolution. New
     York: Vintage Books, 1984.

Lieberthal, Kenneth. "The Future of Reform in China," AEI
     Foreign Policy and Defense Review, 6, No. 3, August 1986,
     3- 10.

"`Love Corner' Gone in Shanghai," Beijing Review
     [Beijing], 29, No. 46, November 17, 1986, 8-9.

Madsen, Richard. Morality and Power in a Chinese Village.
     Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
     1984.

Moser, Leo J. The Chinese Mosaic: The Peoples and Provinces of
     China. (Westview Special Studies on East Asia, No. 9.)
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

Nivison, David (ed.). Confucianism in Action. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1959.

Oi, Jean C. "Commercializing China's Rural Cadres," Problems of
     Communism, 35, No. 5, September-October 1986, 1-15.

______. "Peasant Grain Marketing and State Procurement: China's
     Grain Contracting System," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 106, June 1986, 272-90.

Pannell, Clifton W., and Laurence J.C. Ma. China: The Geography
     of Development and Modernization. Washington: V.H.
     Winston, 1983.

Parish, William L. "Introduction: Historical Background and Current
     Issues." Pages 3-32 in William L. Parish (ed.), Chinese
     Rural Development: The Great Transformation. Armonk, New
     York: Sharpe, 1985.

Parish, William L., and Martin K. Whyte. Village and Family in
     Contemporary China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
     1978.

Peck, Graham. Two Kinds of Time. (2d ed.). Boston:
     Houghton Mifflin, 1967.

Perry, Elizabeth J. "Rural Violence in Socialist China," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 103, September 1985, 414-40.

Pruitt, Ida. A Daughter of the Han: The Autobiography of a
     Chinese Working Woman. Stanford: Stanford University
     Press, 1967.

Rawski, Evelyn S. (ed.). Popular Culture in Late Imperial
     China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1985.

Rosen, Stanley. Red Guard Factionalism and the Cultural
     Revolution in Guangzhou. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.

Schurmann, Franz. Ideology and Organization in Communist
     China (2d ed.) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
     California Press, 1968.

Sheng Huochu, and Liu Hongfa. "Resurvey of Workers' Living
     Standards in Tianjin," China Reconstructs [Beijing],
     35, No. 12, December 1986, 29-32.

Shirk, Susan. Competitive Comrades: Career Incentives and
     Student Strategies in China. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
     University of California Press, 1982.

Skinner, G. William. "Mobility Strategies in Late Imperial China."
     Pages 83-126 in Carol A. Smith (ed.), Regional
     Analysis, 1. New York: Academic Press, 1976.

______. "Rural Marketing in China: Repression and Revival,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 103, September 1985,
     393-413.

Skinner, G. William (ed.). The City in Late Imperial
     China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977.

Smith, Arthur H. Chinese Characteristics. New York:  
     Revell, 1894.

______. Village Life in China. New York: Revell, 1899.

Stacey, Judith. Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in
     China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1983.

Tai Houying. Stones of the Wall. (Trans., Frances Wood.)
     New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Thurston, Anne F., and Burton Pasternak (eds.). The Social
     Sciences and Fieldwork in China: Views from the Field.
     Boulder: Westview Press for the American Association for the
     Advancement of Science, 1983.

Unger, Jonathan. "The Class System in Rural China: A Case Study."
     Pages 121-41 in James L. Watson (ed.), Class and Social
     Stratification in Post-Revolution China. New York:
     Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Vogel, Ezra F. Canton under Communism. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1969.

Walder, Andrew G. Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and
     Authority in Chinese Industry. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
     University of California Press, 1986.

Ward, Barbara E. "Varieties of the Conscious Model: The Fishermen
     of South China." Pages 37-71 in M.E. Banton (ed.), The
     Relevance of Models for Social Anthropology. London:
     Tavistock Press, 1968.

Watson, James L. (ed.). Class and Social Stratification in
     Post-Revolution China. New York: Cambridge University
     Press, 1984.

White, Lynn T., III. Careers in Shanghai: The Social Guidance
     of Personal Energies in a Developing Chinese City,
     1949-1966. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
     California Press, 1978.

Whyte, Martin King. Small Groups and Political Rituals in
     China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1974.

______. "Social Trends in China: The Triumph of Inequality?" Pages
     103-23 in A. Doak Barnett and Ralph N. Clough (eds.),
     Modernizing China: Post-Mao Reform and Development.
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

Whyte, Martin King, and William L. Parish. Urban Life in
     Contemporary China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
     1984.

Wolf, Margery. Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary
     China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.

Wolf, Margery, and Roxanne Witke. Women in Chinese
     Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1975.

Yang, C.K. A Chinese Village in Early Communist
     Transition. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1959.

______. Religion in Chinese Society. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1961.

Yue Daiyu and Carolyn Wakeman. To the Storm. Berkeley and
     Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985.

Zhou Qiren. "The Rediscovery of Household Management: On Changes in
     the Agricultural Management Organization Due to the Contract
     System," Social Sciences in China [Beijing], No. 2,
     June 1986, 93-112.

Zweig, David. "Prosperity and Conflict in Post-Mao Rural China,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 105, March 1986, 1- 18.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Beijing Review [Beijing];
China Daily [Beijing]; Foreign Broadcast
Information Service, Daily Report: China, and Joint
Publications Research Service series China Report: Economic
Affairs and China Report: Political, Sociological, and
Military Affairs.)

Chapter 4

Bai Hua. "Ku Lian" (Bitter Love), Cheng Ming (Contending)
     [Hong Kong], No. 44, June 1981, 82-98.

Bao Zhenxi. "Fazhan Zhong de Zhongguo Tushuguan Shiye" (China's
     Developing Library Service), Liaowang Zhoukan
     (Outlook Weekly) [Hong Kong], No. 44, November 3, 1986, 32-33.

Bastid, Marianne. "Educational Necessity and Political Ideals in
     Educational Reform During the Cultural Revolution," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 42, April-June 1970, 16-45.

Burns, John P., and Stanley Rosen (eds.). Policy Conflicts in
     Post-Mao China: A Documentary Survey, with Analysis.
     Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1986.

Ch'en, Shou-yi. Chinese Literature: A Historical
     Introduction. New York: Ronald Press, 1961.

Chen, Theodore. The Maoist Educational Revolution. New
     York: Praeger, 1974.

China ABC. Beijing: New World Press, 1985.

Ci Hai. Shanghai: Shanghai Cishu Chubanshe (Shanghai
     Dictionary Publishers), 1979.

Cleverley, John. The Schooling of China. Sydney: Allen &
     Unwin, 1985.

Croizier, Ralph C. China's Cultural Legacy and Communism.
     New York: Praeger, 1970.

Delfs, Robert. "Contending Thoughts: Party Liberals Push for Free
     Academic Debate," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong
     Kong], June 19, 1986, 49-50.

Dietrich, Craig. People's China: A Brief History. New
     York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Duke, Michael S. Blooming and Contending: Chinese Literature in
     the Post-Mao Era. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
     1985.

"Educational Developments," China Exchange News, 14, No.
     3, September 1986, 28-29.

Feldman, Gayle. "Field Note: The Organization of Publishing in
     China," China Quarterly [London], No. 107,
     July-September 1986, 519-29.

Glassman, Joel. Centralized Planning--Decentralized
     Administration: Community Control in Chinese Communist
     Education. (Proceedings of 30th International Congress of
     Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa.) Mexico City:
     December 1976.

______. "Educational Reform and Manpower Policy in China, 1955-
     58," Modern China, 3, No. 3, 1977, 259-90.

______. "The Political Experience of Primary School Teachers in the
     People's Republic of China," Comparative Education
     [Oxford], 15, No. 2, June 1979, 159-73.

Goldman, Merle. China's Intellectuals: Advise and Dissent.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Gunn, Edward M. (ed.). Twentieth-Century Chinese Drama: An
     Anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.

Hamrin, Carol Lee, and Timothy Cheek (eds.). China's
     Establishment Intellectuals. Armonk, New York: Sharpe,
     1986.

Hawkins, John N. Education and Social Change in the People's
     Republic of China. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Hayhoe, Ruth. Contemporary Chinese Education. Armonk, New
     York: Sharpe, 1984.

Hightower, James Robert. Topics in Chinese Literature: Outlines
     and Bibliographies. (rev. ed.) (Harvard-Yenching
     Institute Studies.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.

Ho, Ping-ti. The Ladder of Success in Imperial China. New
     York: Columbia University Press, 1962.

Hsia, C.T. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. (2d ed.)
     New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.

Hsu, Kai-yu. Literature of the People's Republic of China.
     Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1980.

Kaplan, Fredric M., and Arne J. de Keijzer. The China
     Guidebook. New York: Eurasia Press, 1984.

Kaplan, Fredric M., Julian M. Sobin, and Stephen Andors (eds.).
     Encyclopedia of China Today. New York: Harper & Row,
     1979.

Kinkley, Jeffrey C. (ed.). After Mao: Chinese Literature and
     Society, 1978-1981. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.

Lampton, David M. A Relationship Restored: Trends in U.S.-
     Chinese Educational Exchanges, 1978-1984. Washington:
     National Academy Press, 1986.

Legge, James. The Chinese Classics. Hong Kong: Hong Kong
     University Press, 1960.

Leyda, Jay. Dianying: An Account of Films and the Film Audience
     in China. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1972.

Link, Perry (ed.). Roses and Thorns: The Second Blooming of the
     Hundred Flowers in Chinese Fiction, 1979-1980. Berkeley
     and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984.

Liu, Alan P.L. How China Is Ruled. Englewood Cliffs:
     Prentice-Hall, 1986.

Liu Wu-chi. An Introduction to Chinese Literature.
     Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

McDougall, Bonnie S., and Hu Liuyu (trans.). Literature and the
     Arts. (China Handbook series.) Beijing: Foreign Language
     Press, 1983.

Montaperto, Ronald N., and Jay Henderson (eds.). China's
     Schools in Flux. White Plains: Sharpe, 1979.

Munro, Donald J. "Egalitarian Ideal and Educational Fact in 
     Communist China." Pages 256-301 in John Lindbeck (ed.)
     China: Management of a Revolutionary Society.
     Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1971.

Orleans, Leo A. Manpower for Science and Engineering in
     China. (Science and Technology in the People's Republic
     of China, Background Study, No. 4.) (Prepared for United
     States Congress, 96th, 2d Session, House of Representatives,
     Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Science.)
     Washington: GPO, 1980.

______. Professional Manpower and Education in Communist
     China. Washington: National Science Foundation, 1961.

Parker, Franklin, and Betty June Parker. Education in the
     People's Republic of China, Past and Present: An Annotated
     Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1986.

Pepper, Suzanne. "Chinese Education after Mao: Two Steps Forward,
     Two Steps Back, and Begin Again?" China Quarterly
     [London], No. 81, March 1980, 1-65.

Rosen, Stanley. "Chinese Education in Transition," Current
     History, 82, September 1983, 254-58, 277-78.

Schram, Stuart (ed.). Authority, Participation, and Cultural
     Change in China. London: Cambridge University Press,
     1973.

Seifman, Eli. "China: The Decision on the Reform of the Education
     System," Asian Thought and Society," 11, No. 31,
     March 1986, 37-42.

Seto, May. "Modernization and the Media: China's TV, Radio, and
     Publications Experience: A Renaissance," China Business
     Review, 12, No. 5, September-October 1985, 10-13.

Seybolt, Peter. Revolutionary Education in China: Documents and
     Commentary. White Plains: International Arts and Science
     Press, 1973.

______. "The Yenan Revolution in Mass Education," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 48, October-December 1971,
     641-69.

Shirk, Susan L. "Educational Reform and Political Backlash: Recent
     Changes in Chinese Educational Policy," Comparative
     Education Review, 23, No. 2, June 1979, 183-217.

Sullivan, Michael. The Arts of China. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1978.

______. A Short History of Chinese Art. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1967.

"A Time to Speak Out," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], June 22,
     1986. 47-48, 53-56.

Townsend, James R., and Brantly Womack. Politics in China.
     (3d ed.) (Series in Comparative Politics: A Country Study.)
     Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

Tung, Constantine, and Colin Mackerras. Drama in the People's
     Republic of China. Albany: State University of New York
     Press, 1987.

Unger, Jonathan. "The Chinese Controversy over Higher Education,"
     Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 53, No. 1, Spring 1980,
     29-47.

Wang, Chi. "An Overview of Libraries in the People's Republic of
     China," China Exchange News, 12, No. 3, September
     1984, 1- 5.

Wang, Shu-shin. "The Rise and Fall of the Campaign Against
     Spiritual Pollution in the People's Republic of China,"
     Asian Affairs: An American Review, 13, No. 1, Spring
     1986, 47-62.

Wei Liming. "Criticism: Key to Flourishing Culture," Beijing
     Review [Beijing], 29, No. 27, July 7, 1986, 14-19.

World Bank. China: Issues and Prospects in Education, Annex
     1. Washington: 1985.

Wyman, Molly E. "An Industry Struggles to Meet Demand: The Lure of
     Television," China Business Review, September-October
     1985, 14-21.

Zheng Zhensun. People's Republic of China Year Book, 1985.
     Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 1985.

Zhongguo Dianying Nianjian, 1983 (Chinese Motion Picture
     Yearbook, 1983). Beijing: Zhongguo Dianying Chubanshe (China
     Motion Picture Publishing House), 1984.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Beijing Review [Beijing];
China Daily [Beijing]; China Exchange News; China News
Analysis [Hong Kong]; China Reconstructs [Beijing];
Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
China; Joint Publications Research Service, China Report:
Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs; and
Zhongguo Chuban Nianjian (Chinese Publishing Yearbook)
[Beijing].)

Chapter 5

Barker, Randolph, and Radha Sinha, (eds.), with Beth Rose. The
     Chinese Agricultural Economy. (Westview Special Studies
     on China and East Asia.) Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.

Byrd, William A. China's Financial System: The Changing Role of
     Banks. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

Chen, Nai-Ruenn. Chinese Economic Statistics. Chicago:
     Aldine, 1967.

Chen, Nai-Ruenn, and Walter Galenson. The Chinese Economy under
     Communism. Chicago: Aldine, 1969. 

China. State Statistical Bureau, Statistical Yearbook of China,
     1986. Hong Kong: Economic Information & Agency, 1986.

Chinese Woodcutters' Association (comp.). Woodcuts of Wartime
     China, 1937-1945. Shanghai: Kaiming, 1946.

Chow, Gregory C. The Chinese Economy. New York: Harper &
     Row, 1985.

Congressional Quarterly. China: U.S. Policy since 1945.
     Washington: 1980.

Crook, Frederick W. "The Commune System in the People's Republic of
     China, 1963-1974." Pages 366-410 in United States Congress,
     94th, 1st Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China:
     A Reassessment of the Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

Dernberger, Robert F. (ed.). China's Development Experience in
     Comparative Perspective. (Harvard East Asian Series, No.
     93.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Donnithorne, Audrey. China's Economic System. London:
     Allen & Unwin, 1967. 

Eckstein, Alexander. China's Economic Revolution. New
     York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Eckstein, Alexander (ed.). Quantitative Measures of China's
     Economic Output. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,
     1980.

Elvin, Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1973.

Feuerwerker, Albert. The Chinese Economy, ca. 1870-1911,
     V. (Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies.) Ann Arbor: Center for
     Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1969.

______. Economic Trends in the Republic of China,
     1912-1949, XXI. (Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies.) Ann
     Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan,
     1977.

Gurley, John G. China's Economy and the Maoist Strategy.
     New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976.

Howe, Christopher. China's Economy: A Basic Guide. New
     York: Basic Books, 1978.

______. Employment and Economic Growth in Urban China,
     1949-1957. London: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Hsiao, Katherine H. Money and Monetary Policy in Communist
     China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971.

Hsu, Robert C. Food for One Billion: China's Agriculture since
     1949. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

Lardy, Nicholas R. Agriculture in China's Modern Economic
     Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

______. Economic Growth and Distribution in China. New
     York: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

Liu, Ta-Chung, and Kung-Chia Yeh. The Economy of the Chinese
     Mainland. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.

Myers, Ramon H. The Chinese Economy Past and Present.
     Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1980.

Perkins, Dwight H. Agricultural Development in China,
     1368-1968. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.

______. Market Control and Planning in Communist China.
     (Harvard Economic Studies.) Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1966.

Perkins, Dwight H. (ed.). China's Modern Economy in Historical
     Perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1975.

Perry, Elizabeth J., and Christine Wong (eds.). The Political
     Economy of Reform in Post-Mao China. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1985. 

Rawski, Thomas G. Economic Growth and Employment in China.
     (World Bank Research Publication.) New York: Oxford University
     Press, 1979.

Riskin, Carl. China's Political Economy: The Quest for
     Development since 1949. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
     1986.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. People's Republic
     of China Atlas. Washington: GPO, 1971.

______. National Foreign Assessment Center. China: A
     Statistical Compendium. (Research Paper, No. ER
     79-10374.) Washington: July 1979. 

______. China: Demand for Foreign Grain. (Research Paper,
     No. ER 79-10073.) Washington: January 1979.

______. China: The Continuing Search for a Modernization
     Strategy. (Research Paper, No. ER 80-10248.) Washington:
     April 1980.

______. Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1979. (Research
     Aid, No. ER 79-10274.) Washington: 1979.

United States. Congress. 90th, 1st Session. Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.). An Economic Profile of Mainland
     China. Washington: GPO, 1967.

United States. Congress. 92d, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.). People's Republic of China: An Economic
     Assessment. Washington: GPO, 1972.

United States. Congress. 94th, 1st Session. Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.). China: A Reassessment of the
     Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

United States. Congress. 95th, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.). Chinese Economy Post-Mao. Washington: GPO,
     1978.

United States. Congress. 96th, 1st Session. Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.). Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in
     Government. Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union
     and China, 1979, Pt. 5. (Hearings June 26 and July 9,
     1979.) Washington: GPO, 1980.

United States. Congress. 97th, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.). China under the Four Modernizations, Pts. 1
     and 2. Washington: GPO, 1982.

United States. Congress. 99th, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.). China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 2
     vols. Washington: GPO, 1986.

World Bank. World Development Report, 1986. New York:
     Oxford University Press, 1986.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Beijing Review [Beijing];
China Daily [Beijing]; China Quarterly [London];
China Reconstructs [Beijing]; and The Economist
[London].)

Chapter 6

American Plant Studies Delegation. Plant Studies in the
     People's Republic of China. Washington: National Academy
     of Sciences, 1975.

Barker, Randolph, and Radha Sinha, (eds.), with Beth Rose. The
     Chinese Agricultural Economy. Boulder: Westview Press,
     1982.

Buck, John L. Land Utilization in China. Nanjing:
     University of Nanking, 1937.

Chinese Woodcutters' Association (comp.). Woodcuts of Wartime
     China, 1937-1945. Shanghai: Kaiming, 1946.

Crook, Frederick W. "The Commune System in the People's Republic of
     China, 1963-1974." Pages 366-410 in United States Congress,
     94th, 1st Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China:
     A Reassessment of the Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

______. "The Reform of the Commune System and the Rise of the
     Township-Collective-Household System." Pages 354-375 in United
     States Congress, 99th, 2d Session, Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.), China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 1: The
     Four Modernizations. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Erisman, Alva L. "China: Agriculture in the 1970s." Pages 324-49 in
     United States Congress, 94th, 1st Session, Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.), China: A Reassessment of the
     Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

Groen, Henry J. and James A. Kilpatrick. "China's Agricultural
     Production." Pages 607-52 in United States Congress, 95th, 2d
     Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), Chinese Economy
     Post-Mao, 1: Policy and Performance. Washington: GPO,
     1978.

Howe, Christopher. China's Economy: A Basic Guide. New
     York: Basic Books, 1978.

International Rice Research Institute. Rice Research and
     Production in China. Los Banos, Philippines: 1978.

Lardy, Nicholas R. Agriculture in China's Modern Economic
     Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Myers, Ramon H. The Chinese Economy Past and Present.
     Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1980.

______. The Chinese Peasant Economy. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1970.

Parish, William L., and Martin K. Whyte. Village and Family in
     Contemporary China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
     1978.

Perkins, Dwight H. Agricultural Development in China,
     1368-1968. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.

Schran, Peter. The Development of Chinese Agriculture.
     Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1970.

Shen, T.H. Agricultural Resources of China. Ithaca:
     Cornell University Press, 1951.

Shue, Vivienne. Peasant China in Transition. Berkeley and
     Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980.

Stavis, Benedict. People's Communes and Rural Development in
     China. Ithaca, New York: Rural Development Committee,
     Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1977.

Surls, Frederic M., and Francis Tuan. "China's Agriculture in the
     Eighties." Pages 419-48 in United States Congress, 97th, 2d
     Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China under the
     Four Modernizations, 1: The Four Modernizations.
     Washington: GPO, 1982.

Tang, Anthony M., and Bruce Stone. Food Production in the
     People's Republic of China. Washington: International
     Food Policy Research Institute, 1980.

Tuan, Francis C., and Frederick W. Crook. Planning and
     Statistical Systems in China's Agriculture. (Economic
     Research Service, No. FAER-181.) Washington: Department of
     Agriculture, April 1983.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. China:
     International Trade Fourth Quarter, 1985. (Research
     Paper, No. EA CIT 86-001.) Washington: July 1986.

______. People's Republic of China Atlas. Washington: GPO,
     1971.

United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research
     Service. Agricultural Statistics of the People's Republic
     of China, 1949-82. Statistical Bulletin, No. 714, October
     1984.

______. China: Situation and Outlook Report. (No.
     RS-86-8.) Washington, July 1986.

Walker, Kenneth R. Food Grain Procurement and Consumption in
     China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

______. Planning in Chinese Agriculture: Socialization and the
     Private Sector. Chicago: Aldine, 1965.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: China Daily [Beijing];
China Quarterly [London]; Nongye Nianjian
(Agricultural Yearbook) [Beijing]; and Zhongguo Tongji
Nianjian (Statistical Yearbook of China) [Beijing].)

Chapter 7

Bohnet, Armin, and Guntner Jaehne. "China's New Economic Policy,"
     Intereconomics [Hamburg], 20, No. 1, January-
     February 1985, 43-51.

British Columbia. Ministry of International Trade and Investment.
     China: Economic Overview, A British Columbia
     Perspective. Victoria, British Columbia: 1986.

Burns, John P., and Stanley Rosen (eds.). Policy Conflicts in
     Post-Mao China: A Documentary Survey, with Analysis.
     Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1986.

Chang, John K. Industrial Development in Pre-Communist
     China. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.

Cheng, Chu-yuan. China's Economic Development: Growth and
     Structural Change. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.

Ch'en Te-sheng. "The Development of Town and Township Enterprises
     in Mainland China since 1979," Issues & Studies
     [Taipei], 22, No. 10, October 1986, 67-88.

China. State Statistical Bureau. Statistical Yearbook of China,
     1984. Hong Kong: Economic Information & Agency, December
     1984.

China Handbook Editorial Committe. China Handbook Series:
     Economy. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1984.

Chow, Gregory C. The Chinese Economy. New York: Harper &
     Row, 1985.

Clark, Allen L., James P. Dorian, and Powfoong Fan. "An Estimate of
     the Mineral Resources of China," Resources Policy
     [Guildford, United Kingdom], 13, No. 1, March 1987, 68-84.

Conroy, Richard. "Technological Innovation in China's Recent
     Industrialization," China Quarterly [London], No. 97,
     March 1984, 1-23.

Field, Robert Michael. "Changes in Chinese Industry since 1978,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 100, December 1984,
     742-61.

Henley, John S., and Mee-Kau Nyau. "Reforming Chinese Industrial
     Management," Euro-Asia Business Review [Chichester,
     United Kingdom], 5, No. 3, July 1986, 10-15.

Howe, Christopher. China's Economy: A Basic Guide. New
     York: Basic Books, 1978.

Khanna, Anupam. Issues in the Technological Development of
     China's Electronic Sector. (World Bank Staff Working
     Papers, No. 762.) Washington: World Bank, 1986.

Klenner, Wolfgang. "Economic Reforms in the Industrial Sector of
     the Peoples Republic of China," Intereconomics
     [Hamburg], 18, No. 5, September-October 1983, 245-50.

Lim, Edwin, et al. China: Long-Term Development Issues and
     Options: The Report of a Mission Sent to China by the World
     Bank. (World Bank Country Economic Report.) Baltimore:
     Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.

Pollack, Jonathan D. The R&D Process and Technological
     lnnovation in the Chinese Industrial System. (R-3284.)
     Santa Monica: Rand, 1985.

Prybyla, Jan S. "China's Economic Experiment: From Mao to Market,"
     Problems of Communism, 35, No. 1, January-February
     1986, 21-38.

Rawski, Thomas G. China's Transition to Industrialism. Ann
     Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1980.

Riva, Joseph P., Jr. "The Petroleum Endowment of China,"
     Congressional Research Service Review, 7, No. 6, June
     1986, 19-22.

Simon, Denis Fred. "The Challenge of Modernizing Industrial
     Technology in China," Asian Survey, 26, No. 4, April
     1986, 420-39.

Solinger, Dorothy J. "China's New Economic Policies and the Local
     Industrial Political Process: The Case of Wuhan,"
     Comparative Politics, 18, No. 1, July 1986, 379-99.

Tidrick, Gene. Productivity, Growth, and Technological Change
     in Chinese Industry. (World Bank Staff Working Papers,
     No. 761.) Washington: World Bank, 1986.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Handbook of
     Economic Statistics, 1986. (Reference Aid, No. CPAS
     86-10002.) Washington: September 1986.

United States. Congress. 98th, 2d Session. House of
     Representatives. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Special
     Subcommittee on United States Trade with China. China's
     Offshore Oil Development and the Energy Security of the
     Pacific Rim. (Hearings February 28, 1984.) Washington:
     GPO, 1984. United States. Congress. 99th, 2d Session. Joint
     Economic Committee (ed.). China's Economy Looks Toward the
     Year 2000. 2 vols. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Walder, Andrew G. "China Turns to Industry Reform,"
     Challenge, 28, No. 1, March-April 1985, 42-47.

Warwick, Graham. "China: Rebuilding an Industry," Flight
     International [London], June 28, 1986, 28-29.

Woodward, Dennis. "China's Industrial Reform Policy,"
     Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs [Canberra], No.
     14, July 1985, 85-104.

World Bank. China: Long-Term Development Issues and Options,
     Annex 3: China: The Energy Sector. (World Bank Country
     Study.) Washington, 1983.

______. China: Long-Term Development Issues and Options, Annex
     5: China: Economic Structure in International
     Perspective. (World Bank Country Study.) Washington,
     1985.

______. China: Socialist Economic Development, 1 and 2.
     (World Bank Country Study.) Washington: 1983.

Yeh, K.C. Industrial Innovation in China with Special Reference
     to the Metallurgical Industry. (Rand Notes, N-2307.)
     Santa Monica: Rand, 1985.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asian Business [Hong
Kong]; Asian Wall Street Journal [Hong Kong]; Beijing
Review [Beijing]; Business China [Hong Kong];
China Business Review; China Daily [Beijing];
China News Analysis [Hong Kong]; China
Reconstructs [Beijing]; China's Foreign Trade
[Beijing]; China Trade Report [Hong Kong]; Country
Report: China, North Korea [London]; Far Eastern Economic
Review [Hong Kong]; Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
Daily Report: China; Foreign Broadcast Information
Service, Press Note; Joint Publications Research Service,
China: Economic Affairs; Quarterly Economic Review of
China, North Korea [London]; Sino-British Trade
Review [London]; and Ta Kung Pao Weekly Supplement
[Hong Kong].)

Chapter 8

Almanac of China's Economy. Beijing: Beijing Economic
     Management Press, 1985.

"Aviation and Airport Development," China Transport [Hong
     Kong], 2, No. 2, Summer 1986, 72-74.

Batsavage, Richard E., and John L. Davie. "China's International
     Trade and Finance." Pages 707-41 in United States Congress,
     95th, 2d Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), Chinese
     Economy Post-Mao. Washington: GPO, 1978.

Bernstein, Thomas P. "Reforming Chinese Agriculture," China
     Business Review, 12, No. 2, March-April 1985, 45-49.

Chao Yu-sen. "Promotion of Lateral Economic Ties on Chinese
     Mainland," Issues & Studies [Taipei], 22, No. 7, July
     1986, 5-9.

Chen, Nai-Ruenn. "China's Foreign Trade, 1950-74." Pages 617-52 in
     United States Congress, 94th, 1st Session, Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.), China: A Reassessment of the
     Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

Chen, Nai-Ruenn, and Jeffrey Lee. China's Economy and Foreign
     Trade, 1981-85. Washington: Department of Commerce,
     International Trade Administration, 1984.

Chen Muhua. "Major Reform of China's Foreign Trade System," PRC
     Quarterly [Beijing] No. 4, January 1985, 86-88.

China. General Administration of Customs. Chinese Customs
     Statistics, No. 1 (1987) [Hong Kong], April 1987, table
     4, 92, Business China [Hong Kong], June 22, 1987.

China. State Statistical Bureau. Statistical Yearbook of China,
     1984. Hong Kong: Economic Information & Agency, 1984.

China's Economic Construction: 100 Projects. Beijing:
     China Pictorial, 1984.

"China's Rural Reforms," New China Quarterly [Hong Kong],
     No. 1, July 1986, 57, 60-61.

China Urban Statistics, 1985. Beijing: Longman Group and
     China Statistical Information and Consultancy Service, 1985.

Craig, Jack. "China: Domestic and International Telecommunications,
     1949-74." Pages 289-310 in United States Congress, 94th, 1st
     Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China: A
     Reassessment of the Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

Draper, Rosemary. "Uncertain Course for Inland Waterways,"
     China Business Review, 13, No. 4, July-August 1986,
     20-26.

"Eat from the Great Bowl or `Insure Yourself'," China News
     Analysis [Hong Kong], No. 1322, November 15, 1986, 1-9.

Eckstein, Alexander. China's Economic Revolution. New
     York: Cambridge, University Press, 1977.

________. Communist China's Economic Growth and Foreign
     Trade. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966.

Editorial Committee of the China Official Yearbook. The China
     Official Yearbook, 1985 6. Hong Kong: Salem International
     Publications, 1985.

Ellman, Michael. "Economic Reform in China," International
     Affairs [London], 62, No. 3, Summer 1986, 423-42.

Engle, Tom. "CITIC: Pacesetting Corporation," China Business
     Review, 12, No. 4, July-August 1985, 6-10.

Frankenstein, John. "Understanding Chinese Trade," Current
     History, 85, No. 512, September 1986, 257-60, 274-75.

Gold, Thomas B. "China's Private Entrepreneurs," China Business
     Review, 12, No. 6, November-December 1985, 46-50.

"The Highways Bureau," China Transport [Beijing], 2, No.
     2, Summer 1986, 66-68.

International Monetary Fund. International Financial Statistics
     Yearbook, 1986. Washington; 1986.

Kueh,Y.Y., and Christopher Howe. "China's International Trade:
     Policy and Organizational Change and Their Place in the
     `Economic Readjustment'," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 100, December 1984, 813-48.

LoPinto, Beverly. "Airport Development," China Business
     Review, 13, No. 4, July- August 1986, 43-48.

Mah, Feng-hwa. The Foreign Trade of Mainland China.
     Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, 1971.

Nakajima, Seiichi. "Transport and the 7th Five-Year Plan,"
     China Newsletter [Tokyo], No. 61, March-April 1986,
     12-16.

"A New Look at Communications," China Transport [Beijing],
     2, No. 2, Summer 1986, 58-61.

Oi, Jean C. "Peasant Grain Marketing and State Procurement: China's
     Grain Contracting System," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 106, June 1986, 272- 90.

People's Republic of China Year Book, 1986. Beijing:
     Xinhua Publishing House, 1986.

"Railway Growth--the Details," China Transport [Beijing],
     2, No. 2, Summer 1986, 69-70.

Ross, Madelyn C. "Civil Aviation," China Business Review,
     11, No. 3, May-June 1984, 50-55.

"Satellite Network Goes on Line," Beijing Review
     [Beijing], 29, No. 29, July 21, 1986, 29.

Seto, May. "Modernization and the Media: China's TV, Radio, and
     Publications Experience: A Renaissance," China Business
     Review, 12, No. 5, September-October 1985, 10-13.

Shi Hao. "Yijiubawu Nian de Zhonggong Jiaotong" (The Chinese
     Communist Communications in 1985), Studies on Chinese
     Communism [Taipei], 20, No. 2, February 15, 1986, 44-58.

Skinner, G. William. "Rural Marketing in China: Repression and
     Revival," China Quarterly [London], No. 103,
     September 1985, 393-413.

Terrill, Ross. "Peking: Waiting to be Modernized," New
     Republic [Vancouver], August 1980, 8-16.

Theroux, Eugene A. "Legal and Practical Problems in the China
     Trade." Pages 539-99 in United States Congress, 94th, 1st
     Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China: A
     Reassessment of the Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

Thoburn, John. "China's Special Economic Zones Revisited,"
     Euro-Asia Business Review [Chichester, United
     Kingdom], 5, No. 4, October 1986, 44-49.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Central Government
     Organizations of the People's Republic of China.
     (Reference Aid CR 86-11028.) Washington: 1986.

______. China: International Trade Fourth Quarter, 1984.
     (Reference Aid EA CIT 85- 002.) Washington: 1985.

______. Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1986. (Reference
     Aid CPAS 86-10002.) Washington: 1986.

______. Major Foreign Trade Organizations of the People's
     Republic of China. (Reference Aid CR 86-11030.)
     Washington: 1985.

______. The World Factbook, Nineteen Hundred and
     Eighty-Six. (CR WF 86-001.) Washington: 1986.

United States. Congress. 99th, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.). China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000. 2
     vols. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Venny, Jacques, and Lily V Uy. Transport in China.
     Washington: World Bank, 1985. Vetterling, Philip W., and James
     J. Wagg. "The Transportation Sector, 1950-1971." Pages 147-77
     in United States Congress, 92d, 2d Session, Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.), People's Republic of China: An Economic
     Assessment. Washington: GPO, 1972.

Weil, Martin. "The Two Faces of Chinese Rail Technology," China
     Business Review, 11, No. 5, September- October 1984,
     24-35.

World Bank. Long-Term Development Issues and Options, Annex 6:
     China: The Transport Sector. (World Bank Country Study.)
     Washington, 1985.

Wyman, Molly E. "The Lure of Television," China Business
     Review, 12, No. 5, September-October 1985, 14-25.

Yearbook on Chinese Communism, 1986. Taipei: Institute for
     the Study of Chinese Communist Problems, 1986.

Yenny, Jacques. "Modernizing China's Transport System," China
     Business Review, 13, No. 4, July-August 1986, 20-23.

Yoshida, Hiroshi. "China's Telecommunications Services." China
     Newsletter [Tokyo], No. 61, March-April 1986, 8-11.

Zhao Yutian. "Tourism in China Opens Up to Bright Prospects,"
     New China Quarterly [Hong Kong], No. 1, July 1986,
     18-21.
Zheng Zhensun. People's Republic of China Year Book, 1985.
     Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 1985.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asiaweek [Hong Kong];
Beijing Review [Beijing]; China Business
Review; China Daily [Beijing]; China Trade
Report [Hong Kong]; China Transport [Beijing];
Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong]; and Foreign
Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China.)

Chapter 9

Baark, Erik. "Information Infrastructures in India and China."
     Pages 86-141 in Erik Baark and Andrew Jamison (eds.),
     Technological Development in China, India, and Japan:
     Cross- Cultural Perspectives. New York: St. Martin's
     Press, 1986.

______. "Putting Domestic Technology to Work," China Business
     Review, 14, No. 3, May-June 1987, 53-55.

Battat, Joseph Y. Management in Post-Mao China: An Insider's
     View. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1986.

Bauer, Eugene E. China Takes Off: Technology Transfer and
     Modernization. Seattle: University of Washington Press,
     1986.

Baum, Richard (ed.). China's Four Modernizations: The New
     Technological Revolution. Boulder: Westview Press, 1980. 

Cheng, Chu-yuan. Scientific and Engineering Manpower in 
     Communist China, 1949-1963. Washington: National Science
     Foundation, 1965.

Fischer, William A. "China's Scientific and Technological Policy:
     An Assessment." Pages 1-15 in Pierre M. Perrolle and Denis F.
     Simon (eds.), China's Scientific and Technological
     Modernization: Domestic and International Implications.
     (Occasional Paper, No. 11) Washington: East Asia Program,
     Wilson Center, 1982.

______. "Scientific and Technical Planning in the People's Republic
     of China," Technological Forecasting and Social
     Change, No. 25, May 1984, 189-207.

Goldman, Merle. China's Intellectuals: Advise and Dissent.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Grow, Roy F. "How Factories Choose Technology," China Business
     Review, 14, No. 3, May-June 1987, 35-39.

Heymann, Hans. "Acquisition and Diffusion of Technology in China."
     Pages 685-709 in United States Congress, 94th, 1st Session,
     Joint Economic Committee (eds.), China: A Reassessment of
     the Economy. Washington: GPO, 1975.

Khanna, Anupam. Issues in the Technological Development of
     China's Electronic Sector. (World Bank Staff Working
     Papers, No. 762.) Washington: World Bank, 1986.

Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China, 1-6.
     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954-86.

Orleans, Leo A. "Chinese Students and Technology Transfer,"
     Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 4, No. 4, Winter
     1985, 3- 25.

______. Professional Manpower and Education in Communist
     China. Washington: National Science Foundation, 1961.

______. "Science, Elitism, and Economic Readjustment." Pages 475-88
     in United States Congress, 97th, 2d Session, Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.), China under the Four Modernizations,
     Pt. 1. Washington: GPO, 1982.

______. The Training and Utilization of Scientific and
     Engineering Manpower in the People's Republic of China.
     United States Congress, 98th, 1st Session, House of
     Representatives, Committee on Science and Technology,
     Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology. Washington:
     GPO, 1983.

Orleans, Leo A. (ed.). Science in Contemporary China.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980. Pollack, Jonathan
     D. The Chinese Electronics Industry in Transition.
     (Rand Notes, N- 2306.) Santa Monica: Rand, 1985.

Ridley, Charles P. China's Scientific Policies: Implications
     for International Cooperation. (AEI-Hoover Policy
     Studies.) Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public
     Policy Research, 1976.

Simon, Denis Fred. "China's Capacity to Assimilate Foreign
     Technology: An Assessment." Pages 514-52 in United States
     Congress, 97th, 2d Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.),
     China under the Four Modernizations, Pt. 1.
     Washington: GPO, 1982.

______. "China's S&T Intellectuals in the Post-Mao Era: A
     Retrospective and Prospective Glimpse," Journal of
     Northeast Asian Studies, 4, No. 2, Summer 1985, 57-82.

______. "Chinese-Style S&T Modernization: A Comparison of PRC and
     Taiwan Approaches," Studies in Comparative Communism,
     17, No. 2, Summer 1984, 87-109.

______. "The Evolving Role of Technology Transfer in China's
     Modernization." Pages 254-86 in United States Congress, 99th,
     2d Session, Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China's
     Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 2: Economic Openness in
     Modernizing China. Washington: GPO, 1986.

______. "Rethinking R&D," China Business Review, 10, No.
     4, July-August 1983, 25- 31.

Suttmeier, Richard P. "The Institutional Structure for Industrial
     Research and Development in China." Pages 125-49 in Richard
     Baum (ed.), China's Four Modernizations: The New
     Technological Revolution. Boulder: Westview Press, 1980.

______. "Overview: Science and Technology under Reform." Pages
     199-215 in United States Congress, 99th, 2d Session, Joint
     Economic Committee (ed.), China's Economy Looks Toward the
     Year 2000, 2: Economic Openness in Modernizing China.
     Washington: GPO, 1986.

______. Research and Revolution: Science Policy and Societal
     Change in China. Lexington, Massachusetts: Heath, 1974.

______. "Research, Innovation, and the Chinese Political Economy,"
     Pages 489-513 in United States Congress, 97th, 2d Session,
     Joint Economic Committee (ed.), China under the Four
     Modernizations, Pt. 1. Washington: GPO, 1982.

Tang, Tong B. Science and Technology in China. London:
     Longman, 1984.

Tidrick, Gene. Productivity, Growth, and Technological Change
     in Chinese Industry. (World Bank Staff Working Papers,
     No. 761.) Washington: World Bank, 1986.

Tow, William T. "Science and Technology in China's Defense,"
     Problems of Communism, 34, July-August 1985, 15-31.

United States. Congress. 98th, 1st Session. House of
     Representatives. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Special
     Subcommittee on United States Trade with China. Science
     and Technology: Cooperation Between the United States and
     China. Washington: GPO, 1983.

United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
     "Technology Transfer to China." (OTA-ISC-340.) Washington:
     GPO, July 1987.

Volti, Rudi. Technology, Politics, and Society in China.
     (Westview Special Studies on China and East Asia.) Boulder:
     Westview Press, 1982.

Wei Liming. "China's Scientists Vindicate Their Vocation,"
     Beijing Review [Beijing], 29, No. 41, October 13,
     1986, 14- 19.

World Bank. China: Long-Term Development Issues and
     Options. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1985.

Wu, Yuan-li, and Robert B. Sheeks. The Organization and Support
     of Scientific Research and Development in Mainland China.
     New York: Praeger, 1970.

Xu Liangying and Fan Dainian. Pierre M. Perrolle (ed.). Science
     and Socialist Construction in China. (Trans., John C.S.
     Hsu.) Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1982.

Yeh, K.C. Industrial Innovation in China with Special Reference
     to the Metallurgical Industry. (Rand Notes, N-2307.)
     Santa Monica: Rand, 1985.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asian Survey; Beijing
Review [Beijing]; China Business Review; China
Daily [Beijing]; China Exchange News; China Trade
Report [Hong Kong]; Comparative Communism; Foreign
Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China; Joint
Publications Research Service, China Report: Science and
Technology; and Technological Forecasting and Social
Change.

Chapter 10

Ahn, Byung-joon. Chinese Politics and the Cultural Revolution: 
     Dynamics of Policy Processes. Seattle: University of
     Washington Press, 1977.

Barnett, A. Doak. Cadres, Bureaucracy, and Political Power in
     Communist China. New York: Columbia University Press,
     1967.

Barnett, A. Doak, and Ralph N. Clough (eds.). Modernizing
     China: Post-Mao Reform and Development. Boulder: Westview
     Press, 1986.

Baum, Richard. "Modernization and Legal Reform in Post-Mao China:
     The Rebirth of Socialist Legality," Studies in Comparative
     Communism, 19, No. 2, Summer 1986, 69-103.

Bedeski, Robert E. "The Concept of the State: Sun Yat-sen and Mao
     Tse-tung," China Quarterly [London], No. 70, June
     1977, 338- 54.

Burns, John P., and Stanley Rosen (eds.). Policy Conflicts in
     Post-Mao China: A Documentary Survey, with Analysis.
     Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1986.

Chan, Steve. "Chinese Conflict Calculus and Behavior: Assessment
     from a Perspective of Conflict Management," World
     Politics, 30, No. 3, April 1978, 391-410.

Chang, David W. Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping in the Chinese
     Leadership Succession Crisis. Lanham, Maryland:
     University Press of America, 1984.

Chang, Parris H. Elite Conflict in the Post- Mao China.
     (Occasional Papers Reprints Series in Contemporary Asian
     Studies, No. 2, 1983 [55].) Baltimore: School of Law,
     University of Maryland, 1983.

______. Radicals and Radical Ideology in China's Cultural
     Revolution. New York: Research Institute on Communist
     Affairs, Columbia University, 1973.

______. "The Tensions Behind the Peking Congress," Christian
     Science Monitor, August 29, 1980, 23.

China. "Constitution of the Communist Party of China," Beijing
     Review [Beijing], 25, No. 38, September 20, 1982, 8-21.

______. "Constitution of the People's Republic of China,"
     Beijing Review [Beijing], 21, No. 11, March 17, 1978,
     5-14.

______. "Constitution of the People's Republic of China,"
     Beijing Review [Beijing], 25, No. 52, December 27,
     1982, 10- 29.

Chiu, Hungdah. The 1982 Constitution and the Rule of Law.
     (Occasional Papers Reprints Series in Contemporary Asian
     Studies, No. 4, 1985 [69].) Baltimore: School of Law,
     University of Maryland, 1985.

Chiu, Hungdah, and Shao-chuan Leng (eds.). China: Seventy Years
     after the 1911 Hsin- Hai Revolution. Charlottesville:
     University Press of Virginia, 1984.

Deng Xiaoping. Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. Beijing:
     Foreign Languages Press, 1984.

Domes, Jurgen. The Government and Politics of the PRC: A Time
     of Transition. Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

Epstein, Edward. "The Law Leaps Ahead," Far Eastern Economic
     Review [Hong Kong], April 17, 1986, 52.

Falkenheim, Victor C. "County Administration in Fukien," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 59, July-September 1974, 518-43.

______. Chinese Politics and the Succession to Mao. New
     York: Holmes and Meier, 1982.

Godwin, Paul H.B. "The PLA and Political Control in China's
     Provinces: A Structural Analysis," Comparative
     Politics, 9, No. 1, October 1976, 1-20.

Goodman, David S.G. "The National CCP Conference of September 1985
     and China's Leadership Changes," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 105, March 1986, 123-30.

Hinton, Harold C. (ed.). The People's Republic of China,
     1979-84: A Documentary Survey. Wilmington, Delaware:
     Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Houn, Franklin W. "Constitution and Government." Pages 221-39 in
     Yuan-li Wu (ed.), China: A Handbook. New York:
     Praeger, 1973.

Howkins, John. China Media Industry Report. New York: Nord
     Media, 1980.

Jacobson, Harald W. "The Political System." Pages 99-173 in Harold
     C. Hinton (ed.), The People's Republic of China: A
     Handbook. Boulder: Westview Press, 1979.

Kallgren, Joyce K. "China in 1978: The New Long March," Asian
     Survey, 19, No. 1, January 1979, 1-19.

______. "China 1979: On Turning Thirty," Asian Survey, 20,
     No. 1, January 1980, 1- 18.

______. "The Chinese Communist Party: Structure, Membership, and
     Mass Organization." Pages 197-220 in Yuan-li Wu (ed.), China:
     A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1973.

Lee, Ching Hua. Deng Xiaoping: The Marxist Road to the
     Forbidden City. Princeton: Kingston Press, 1985.

Lee, Hong Yung. The Politics of the Chinese Cultural
     Revolution: A Case Study. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
     University of California Press, 1973.

Lieberthal, Kenneth. "The Politics of Modernization in the PRC,"
     Problems of Communism, 27, No. 3, May-June 1978,
     1-17.

Liu, Alan P.L. Communications and National Integration in
     Communist China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
     California Press, 1971.

______. How China Is Ruled. Englewood Cliffs:
     Prentice-Hall, 1986.

Lubman, Stanley B. "On Understanding Chinese Law and Legal
     Institutions," American Bar Association Journal, 62,
     May 1976, 596-99.

Manion, Melanie. "The Cadre Management System Post-Mao: The
     Appointment, Promotion, Transfer, and Removal of Party and
     State Leaders," China Quarterly [London], No. 102,
     June 1985, 203-33.

Meisner, Maurice. Mao's China and After: A History of the
     People's Republic. (rev ed.) (Transformation of Modern
     China series.) New York: Free Press, 1986.

Mills, William deB. "Leadership Change in China's Provinces,"
     Problems of Communism, 34, No. 3, May-June 1985, 24-
     40.

Montaperto, Ronald N. "Political Socialization: Two Paths--the
     Maoist Approach," Problems of Communism, 22, No. 5,
     September-October 1973, 51-63.

Nathan, Andrew J. Chinese Democracy. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

______. "A Factionalism Model for CCP Politics," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 53, January-March 1973, 34-66.

______. "Policy Oscillations in the People's Republic of China: A
     Critique," China Quarterly [London], No. 68, December
     1976, 720-33.

Nelsen, Harvey. "Military Forces in the Cultural Revolution,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 51, January-March 1972,
     444- 74.

Ogden, Suzanne. "The Approach of the Chinese Communists to the
     Study of International Law, State Sovereignty, and the
     International System," China Quarterly [London], No.
     70, June 1977, 315-37.

Oksenberg, Michel. "Methods of Communication Within the Chinese
     Bureaucracy," China Quarterly [London], No. 57,
     January-March 1974, 1-39.

Oksenberg, Michel (ed.). China's Developmental Experience.
     New York: Praeger, 1973.

Perrolle, Pierre M. (ed.). Fundamentals of the Chinese
     Communist Party. (China Book Project.) White Plains:
     International Arts and Sciences Press, 1976.

Qi Wen. China: A General Survey. Beijing: Foreign
     Languages Press, 1979.

Qi Xin, et al. China's New Democracy--with Full Texts of the
     Three Constitutions of the People's Republic of China.
     Hong Kong: Cosmos Books, 1979.

Raddock, David M. "Between Generations: Activist Chinese Youth in
     Pursuit of a Political Role in the San-fan and in the Cultural
     Revolution," China Quarterly [London], No. 79,
     September 1979, 511-28.

Rice, Edward E. "Chinese Politics, 1973-76: The Second Rise and
     Fall of Teng Hsiao- p'ing," China Quarterly [London],
     No. 67, September 1976, 494-500.

Scalapino, Robert A. (ed.). Elites in the People's Republic of
     China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972.

Schram, Stuart R. (ed.). The Scope of State Power in
     China. London: School of Oriental and African Studies,
     University of London, 1985.

Schurmann, Franz. Ideology and Organization in Communist
     China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1966.

Shambaugh, David L. The Making of a Premier: Zhao Ziyang's
     Provincial Career. Boulder: Westview Press, 1984.

Starr, John Bryan. Continuing Revolution: The Political Thought
     of Mao. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Stepanek, James B. "China's SEZs," China Business Review,
     9, No. 2, March-April 1982, 38-40.

Terrill, Ross. "China in the 1980s," Foreign Affairs, 58,
     No. 4, Spring 1980, 920-35.

Tien, Hung-mao. The Communist Party of China: Party Powers and
     Group Politics from the Third Plenum to the Twelfth Party
     Congress. (Occasional Papers Reprints Series in
     Contemporary Asian Studies, No. 2, 1984 [61].) Baltimore:
     School of Law, University of Maryland, 1984.

Townsend, James R., and Brantly Womack. Politics in China.
     (3d ed.) (Series in Comparative Politics: A Country Study.)
     Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. National Foreign
     Assessment Center. China: The Continuing Search for a
     Modernization Strategy. (Research Paper, No. ER
     80-10248.) Washington: April 1980.

United States. Congress. 99th, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.). China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 1: The
     Four Modernizations. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Wang, James C.F. Contemporary Chinese Politics: An Introduction
     to Political Institutions and Processes. Englewood
     Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1980.

Weng, Byron S.J. (ed.). "Studies on the Constitutional Law of the
     People's Republic of China," Chinese Law and
     Government, 16, Nos. 2-3, Summer-Fall 1983, 3-192.

Zheng Zhensun. People's Republic of China Year Book, 1985.
     Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 1985.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: China Daily [Beijing];
China News Analysis [Hong Kong]; Christian Science
Monitor; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily
Report: China; Joint Publications Research Service, China
Report: Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs; and
Washington Post.)

Chapter 11

Barnett, A. Doak. Cadres, Bureaucracy, and Political Power in
     Communist China. New York: Columbia University Press,
     1967.

______. "Ten Years after Mao," Foreign Affairs, 65, No. 1,
     Fall 1986, 37-65.

Barnett, A. Doak and Ralph N. Clough (eds.). Modernizing China:
     Post-Mao Reform and Development. Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1986.

Baum, Richard (ed.). China's Four Modernizations: The New
     Technological Revolution. Boulder: Westview Press, 1980.

Brugger, Bill (ed.). Chinese Marxism in Flux, 1978-84.
     Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1985.

Chang, David W. Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping in the Chinese
     Leadership Succession Crisis. Lanham, Maryland:
     University Press of America, 1984.

Chang, Parris H. Power and Policy in China. University
     Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975.

______. "The Rise of Wang Tung-hsing: Head of China's Security
     Apparatus," China Quarterly [London], No. 73, March
     1978, 122- 37.

Chen, Jerome (ed.). Mao. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall,
     1969.

Chen, Yung-fa. Making Revolution: The Communist Movement in
     Eastern and Central China, 1937-1945. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

Chi Hsin (pseud. for research group in Hong Kong). The Case of
     the Gang of Four. Hong Kong: Cosmos Books, 1977.

______. Teng Hsiao-ping: A Political Biography. Hong Kong:
     Cosmos Books, 1978.

Chi, Wen-shun. Ideological Conflicts in Modern China: Democracy
     and Authoritarianism. New Brunswick, New Jersey:
     Transaction Books, 1986.

Ching, Frank. "The Current Political Scene in China," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 80, December 1979, 691-715.

Clarke, Christopher M. "Reorganization and Modernization in
     Post-Mao China." Pages 90- 109 in United States Congress,
     99th, 2d Session, Joint Economic Committee. China's
     Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 1: The Four
     Modernizations. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Dittmer, Lowell. "The Legacy of Mao Zedong," Asian Survey,
     20, No. 5, May 1980, 552-73.

Domes, Jurgen. "China in 1977: Reversal of Verdicts," Asian
     Survey, 18, No. 1, January 1978, 1-16.

Falkenheim, Victor C. "Administrative Reform and Modernization in
     Post-Mao China," Pacific Affairs, 53, No. 1, Spring
     1980, 5-28.

Gardner, John. China under Deng. (Conflict Studies, No.
     197.) London: Centre for Security and Conflict Studies, 1987.

______. Chinese Politics and the Succession to Mao. New
     York: Holmes & Meier, 1982.

Goodman, David S.G. (ed.). Groups and Politics in the People's
     Republic of China. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1984.

______. "The National CCP Conference of September 1985 and China's
     Leadership Changes," China Quarterly [London], No.
     105, March 1985, 123-30.

______. "The Second Plenary Session of the 12th CCP Central
     Committee: Rectification and Reform," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 97, March 1984, 84-90.

______. "State Reforms in the People's Republic of China since
     1976: A Historical Perspective." Pages 116-32 in Stephen White
     and Daniel Nelson (eds.), Communist Politics: A
     Reader. New York: New York University Press, 1986.

Gottschalk, Marie. "The Politics of Change in China,"
     Nation, 242, No. 4, February 1, 1986, 105-109.

Hamrin, Carol Lee. "Competing Political- Economic Strategies."
     Pages 72-89 in United States Congress, 99th, 2d Session, Joint
     Economic Committee (ed.), China's Economy Looks Toward the
     Year 2000, 1: The Four Modernizations. Washington: GPO,
     1986.

Harding, Harry. "Competing Models of the Chinese Communist Policy
     Process: Toward a Sorting and Evaluation," Issues &
     Studies [Taipei], 20, No. 2, February 1984, 13-36.

______. "Political Development in Post-Mao China." Pages 13-37 in
     A. Doak Barnett and Ralph N. Clough (eds.), Modernizing
     China: Post-Mao Reform and Development. Boulder: Westview
     Press, 1986.

______. "Political Stability and Succession." Pages 49-71 in United
     States Congress, 99th, 2d Session, Joint Economic Committee
     (ed.), China's Economy Looks Toward the Year 2000, 1: The
     Four Modernizations. Washington: GPO, 1986.

Hinton, Harold C. (ed.). The People's Republic of China,
     1979-84: A Documentary Survey. Wilmington, Delaware:
     Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Joseph, William A. "China's Modernization of Mao," Current
     History, 85, September 1986, 265-81.

Kallgren, Joyce. "China in 1983: The Turmoil of Modernization,"
     Asian Survey, 24, No. 1, January 1984, 60-80.

______. "China 1979: On Turning Thirty," Asian Survey, 20,
     No. 1, January 1980, 1- 18.

Leys, Simon. "The End of Peking's Spring," Encounter
     [London], 54, No. 3, November 1979, 31-42.

Lieberthal, Kenneth. Central Documents and Politburo Politics
     in China. (Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies, No. 33.)
     Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1978.

Lin, Yi. "Achievements of the CCP Secretariat since Its
     Foundation," Tung Hsiang (Trends) [Hong Kong], No.
     22, July 16, 1980, 16-17.

Mackerras, Colin. "`Party Consolidation' and the Attack on
     `Spiritual Pollution'," Australian Journal of Chinese
     Affairs [Canberra], No. 11, January 1984, 175-85.

Manion, Melanie. "The Cadre Management System, Post-Mao: The
     Appointment, Promotion, Transfer and Removal of Party and
     State Leaders," China Quarterly [London], No. 102,
     June 1985, 203-33.

Meisner, Maurice. Mao's China and After: A History of the
     People's Republic. New York: The Free Press, 1986.

Moody, Peter R., Jr. Chinese Politics after Mao: Development
     and Liberalization, 1976 to 1983. New York: Praeger,
     1983.

Nathan, Andrew J. Chinese Democracy. Berkeley and Los
     Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

Oi, Jean C. "Commercializing China's Rural Cadres," Problems of
     Communism, 35, No. 5, September-October 1986, 1-15.

Oksenberg, Michel. "The Exit Pattern from Chinese Politics,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 67, September 1976,
     501-18.

Oksenberg, Michel, and Richard Bush. "China's Political Evolution:
     1972-1982," Problems of Communism, 31, No. 5,
     September-October
1982, 1-19.

Oksenberg, Michel, and Sai-chang Yeung. "Hua Kuo-feng's
     Pre-Cultural Revolution Hunan Years, 1949-66: The Making of a
     Political Generalist," China Quarterly [London], No. 69, March
     1977, 1-53.

Onate, Andres D. "Hua Kuo-feng and the Arrest of the `Gang of
     Four'," China Quarterly [London], No. 75, September
     1978, 540-65.

Pye, Lucian W. Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural
     Dimensions of Authority. Cambridge: Harvard University
     Press, 1985.

______. The Dynamics of Factions and Consensus in Chinese
     Politics: A Model and Some Propositions. (R-2566-AF.)
     Santa Monica: Rand, 1980.

______. "On Chinese Pragmatism in the 1980s," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 106, June 1986, 207-34.

Rice, Edward E. "The Second Rise and Fall of Teng Hsiao-ping,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 67, September 1976,
     494-500.

Rosen, Stanley. "China in 1986: A Year of Consolidation," Asian
     Survey, 27, No. 1, January 1987, 35-55.

Schram, Stuart R. "`Economics in Command?' Ideology and Policy
     since the Third Plenum, 1978-84," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 99, September 1984, 417-61.

______. Mao Tse-tung. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967.

Schurmann, Franz. Ideology and Organization in Communist
     China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1966.

Schwarcz, Vera. The Chinese Enlightenment: Intellectuals and
     the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919. Berkeley
     and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

Selden, Mark, and Victor Lippit (eds.). The Transition to
     Socialism in China. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1982.

Shaw, Yu-ming (ed.). Power and Policy in the PRC. Boulder:
     Westview Press, 1985.

Solomon, Richard H. Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political
     Culture. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
     California Press, 1971.

Stacey, Judith. Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in
     China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
     Press, 1983.

Teiwes, Frederick C. Politics and Purges in China. White
     Plains: Sharpe, 1979.

______. "`Rules of the Game' in Chinese Politics," Problems of
     Communism, 28, Nos. 5-6, September-December 1979, 67-76.

Townsend, James R., and Brantly Womack. Politics in China.
     Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

Wang, Ting. "A Concise Biography of Hua Kuo- feng," Chinese Law
     and Government, 11, No. 1, Spring 1978, 1-71.

Wilson, Dick. Chou: The Story of Zhou Enlai, 1898-1976.
     London: Hutchinson, 1984.

Wilson, Dick (ed.). Mao Tse-tung in the Scales of History: A
     Preliminary Assessment. London: Cambridge University
     Press, 1977.

Womack, Brantly. "Politics and Epistemology in China since Mao,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 80, December 1979,
     768-92.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Foreign Broadcast Information
Service, Daily Report: China, and Joint Publications
Research Service, China Report: Political, Sociological,
and Military Affairs.)

Chapter 12

Abidi, A.H.H. China, Iran, and the Persian Gulf. Atlantic
     Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1982.

Asia 1985 Yearbook. Hong Kong: Far Eastern Economic
     Review, 1985.

Barnett, A. Doak. China and the Major Powers in East Asia.
     Washington: Brookings Institution, 1977.

______. The Making of Foreign Policy in China: Structure and
     Process. (SAIS Papers in International Affairs, No. 9.)
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

Bedeski, Robert E. The Fragile Entente: The 1978 Japan-China
     Peace Treaty in a Global Context. Boulder: Westview
     Press, 1983.

Behbehani, Hashim S.H. China's Foreign Policy in the Arab
     World, 1955-75: Three Case Studies. Boston: Kegan Paul
     International, 1981.

Burns, John P. "The Process of Assimilation of Hong Kong (1997) and
     Implications for Taiwan," AEI Foreign Policy and Defense
     Review, 6, No. 3, March 1986, 19-26.

Camilleri, Joseph. Chinese Foreign Policy: The Maoist Era and
     Its Aftermath. Seattle: University of Washington Press,
     1980.

Chang, Luke T. China's Boundary Treaties and Frontier
     Disputes. London: Oceana, 1982.

Chang, Pao-min. "Sino-Vietnamese Territorial Dispute," Asia
     Pacific Community [Tokyo], No. 28, Spring 1985, 74-87.

Chang, Parris H. "US-China Relations: From Hostility to Euphoria to
     Realism," Annals of the American Academy of Political and
     Social Science, 476, November 1984, 156- 70.

Chavan, R.S. Chinese Foreign Policy: The Chou Enlai Era.
     New Delhi: Sterling, 1979.

Chen, King C. (ed.). China and the Three Worlds: A Foreign
     Policy Reader. White Plains: Sharpe, 1979.

Cheng, Joseph Y.S. "Sino-Soviet Relations in the 1980s," Asia
     Pacific Community [Tokyo], No. 27, Winter 1985, 44-62.

"Chinese Foreign Relations: Adaptation, a Sign of Continuity,"
     China News Analysis [Hong Kong], No. 1309, May 1,
     1986, 1-10.

Choudhury, G.W. China in World Affairs: The Foreign Policy of
     the PRC since 1970. Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.

Clough, Ralph H. "Recent Trends in Chinese Foreign Policy." Pages
     293-307 in Claude A. Buss and W. Glenn Campbell (eds.),
     National Security Interests in the Pacific Basin.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985.

Cloughley, B.W. "Sino-Indian Border: Talks Scheduled but Conflict
     Possible," Pacific Defence Reporter [Victoria,
     Australia], 13. No. 9, March 1987, 38-40.

Culley, Harriet (ed.). "US-China Relations," GIST
     (Department of State), April 1987, 1- 2.

Duiker, William J. China and Vietnam: The Roots of
     Conflict. (Indochina Research Monograph.) Berkeley:
     Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California,
     1986.

Dumbaugh, Kerry B., and Richard F. Grimmett. "Arms Sales to China:
     The Limits to US- Chinese Military Cooperation,"
     Washington Quarterly, 9, No. 3, Summer 1986, 89-99.

Ellison, Herbert J. (ed.). The Sino-Soviet Conflict: A Global
     Perspective. Seattle: University of Washington Press,
     1982.

Fairbank, John K. China Perceived: Images and Policies in
     Chinese-American Relations. New York: Knopf, 1974.

______. The United States and China. (4th ed.) Cambridge:
     Harvard University Press, 1983.

Feeney, William R. "Chinese Policy in Multilateral Financial
     Institutions." Pages 266-92 in Samuel S. Kim (ed.), China
     and the World: Chinese Foreign Policy in the Post-Mao
     Era. Boulder: Westview Press, 1984.

______. The Participation of the PRC in the United
     Nations. (Asian Studies: Occasional Papers series, No.
     11.) Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University at
     Edwardsville, 1974.

Fewsmith, Joseph. "China among the Three Worlds." Pages 315-34 in
     Robert W. Clawson (ed.), East-West Rivalry in the Third
     World: Security Issues and Regional Perspectives.
     Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Gardner, John. China under Deng. (Conflict Studies, No.
     197.) London: Centre for Security and Conflict Studies, 1987.

Garrett, Banning N., and Bonnie S. Glaser. War and Peace: The
     Views from Moscow and Beijing. (Policy Papers in
     International Affairs.) Berkeley: Institute of International
     Studies, University of California, 1984.

Gelman, Harry. The Soviet Far East Buildup and Soviet
     Risk-Taking Against China. (R- 2943-AF.) Santa Monica:
     Rand, 1982.

Gittings, John. The World and China, 1922- 1972. New York:
     Harper & Row, 1974.

Gold, Thomas B. "The Status Quo Is Not Static: Mainland-Taiwan
     Relations," Asian Survey, 27, No. 3, March 1987,
     300-15.

Green, Elizabeth E. "China and Mongolia: Recurring Trends and
     Prospects for Change," Asian Survey, 26, No. 12,
     December 1986, 1337-63.

Gregor, A. James. The China Connection: US Policy and the
     People's Republic of China. Stanford: Stanford University
     Press, 1986.

Griffith, William E. "China and Europe: `Weak and Far Away'." Pages
     159-77 in Richard H. Solomon (ed.), The China Factor:
     Sino- American Relations and the Global Scene. Englewood
     Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1981.

______. "Sino-Soviet Rapprochement?" Problems of
     Communism, 32, No. 2, March- April 1983, 20-29.

Gurtov, Melvin, and Byong-Moo Hwang. China under Threat: The
     Politics of Strategy and Diplomacy. Baltimore: Johns
     Hopkins University Press, 1980.

Hamrin, Carol Lee. "Emergence of an `Independent' Chinese Foreign
     Policy and Shifts in Sino-US Relations." Pages 63-84 in James
     C. Hsiung (ed.), US-Asian Relations: The National Security
     Paradox. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Harding, Harry. "Change and Continuity in Chinese Foreign Policy,"
     Problems of Communism, 32, No. 2, March-April 1983,
     1- 29.

______. "China and the Third World: From Revolution to
     Containment." Pages 257-95 in Richard H. Solomon (ed.),
     The China Factor: Sino-American Relations and the Global
     Scene. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1981.

______. "China's Changing Role in the Contemporary World." Pages
     177-223 in Harry Harding (ed.), China's Foreign Relations
     in the 1980s. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

______(ed.). China's Foreign Relations in the 1980s. New
     Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

Harris, Lillian Craig. "China's Islamic Connection," Asian
     Affairs, 8, No. 5, May-June 1981, 362-72.

Harris, Lillian Craig, and Robert L. Worden (eds.). China and
     the Third World: Champion or Challenger? Dover,
     Massachusetts: Auburn House, 1986.

Hartland-Thunberg, Penelope. "China's Modernization: A Challenge
     for the GATT," Washington Quarterly, 10, No. 2,
     Spring 1987, 81-97.

Heaton, William R. "America and China: The Coming Decade," Air
     University Review, 35, No. 2, January-February 1984,
     18-29.

Hinton, Harold C. "Interpretations of Mainland China's Recent
     Foreign Policy." Pages 649-60 in Yu-ming Shaw (ed.),
     Mainland China: Politics, Economics, and Reform.
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

______. "The People's Republic of China and the World, 1949-1981."
     Pages 490-523 in Hungdah Chiu and Shao-chuan Leng (eds.),
     China: Seventy Years after the 1911 Hsin- Hai
     Revolution. Charlottesville: University Press of
     Virginia, 1984.

Hiramatsu, Shigeo. "A Chinese Perspective on Sino-Soviet
     Relations," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, 2,
     No. 3, September 1983, 51-65.

Hsiung, James C. "Soviet-Chinese Detente," Current
     History, 84, No. 573, October 1985, 329-33.

Hsueh, Chun-tu (ed.). China's Foreign Relations: New
     Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1982.

Hunt, Michael H. "Chinese Foreign Relations in Historical
     Perspective." Pages 1-42 in Harry Harding (ed.), China's
     Foreign Relations in the 1980s. New Haven: Yale
     University Press, 1984.

"International Relations Studies," China Exchange News,
     13, No. 2, June 1985, 1-17.

Ismael, Tareq Y. "The People's Republic of China and the Middle
     East." Pages 199-226 in Tareq Y. Ismael (ed.),
     International Relations of the Contemporary Middle
     East. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986.

Johnson, U. Alexis, George R. Packard, and Alfred D. Wilhelm
     (eds.). China Policy for the Next Decade: Report of the
     Atlantic Council's Committee on China Policy. Washington:
     Atlantic Council of the United States, 1983.

Jones, Peter, and Sian Kevill. China and the Soviet Union,
     1949-84. New York: Facts on File, 1985.

Kihl, Young Whan, and Lawrence E. Grinter. Asian-Pacific
     Security: Emerging Challenges and Responses. Boulder:
     Lynne Rienner, 1986.

Kim, Hong N., and Jack L. Hammersmith. "US- China Relations in the
     Post-Normalization Era, 1979-1985," Pacific Affairs
     [Vancouver], 59, No. 1, Spring 1986, 69-91.

Kim, Samuel S. "China and the Third World: In Search of a
     Neorealist World Policy." Pages 178-211 in Samuel S. Kim
     (ed.), China and the World: Chinese Foreign Policy in the
     Post- Mao Era. Boulder: Westview Press, 1984.

______. China, the United Nations, and World Order.
     Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Kim, Samuel S. (ed.). China and the World: Chinese Foreign
     Policy in the Post-Mao Era. Boulder: Westview Press,
     1984.

Klein, Donald W. "China and the Second World." Pages 161-77 in
     Samuel S. Kim (ed.), China and the World: Chinese Foreign
     Policy in the Post-Mao Era. Boulder: Westview Press,
     1984.

Larkin, Bruce D. "China and the Third World in Global Perspective."
     Pages 63-84 in James C. Hsiung and Samuel S. Kim (eds.),
     China in the Global Community. New York: Praeger,
     1980.

Levine, Steven I. "The End of Sino-Soviet Estrangement,"
     Current History, 85, No. 512, September 1986, 245-48,
     279-80.

Li Huichuan. "The Crux of the Sino-Soviet Boundary Question," (Pt.
     1), Beijing Review [Beijing], 24, No. 30, July 27,
     1981, 12-17.

______. "The Crux of the Sino-Soviet Boundary Question," (Pt. 2),
     Beijing Review [Beijing], 24, No. 31, August 3, 1981,
     13- 16.

Lian Yan. "The CPC's Relations with Other Parties," Beijing
     Review [Beijing], 29, No. 27, July 7, 1986, 22-25.

Liao, Kuang-sheng. Antiforeignism and Modernization in China,
     1860-1980. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.

Mancall, Mark. China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign
     Policy. Transformation of Modern China series.) New York:
     Free Press, 1984.

Manning, Robert. "The Third World Looks at China." Pages 139-54 in
     Lillian Craig Harris and Robert L. Worden(eds.), China and
     the Third World: Champion or Challenger? Dover,
     Massachusetts: Auburn House, 1986.

Mao Zedong. Report to the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh
     Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
     Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1968.

Melman, Yossi, and Ruth Sinai. "Israeli- Chinese Relations and
     Their Future Prospects: From Shadow to Sunlight," Asian
     Survey, 27, No. 4, April 1987, 395-407.

Nanto, Richard K., and Hong N. Kim. "The Development of
     Sino-Japanese Relations," Current History, 85, No.
     512, September 1986, 253-77.

North, Robert C. The Foreign Relations of China. (2d ed.)
     (Comparative Foreign Relations series.) Encino, California:
     Dickenson, 1974.

Oksenberg, Michel. "China's Confident Nationalism," Foreign
     Affairs, 65, No. 3, Fall 1987, 501-23.

Oksenberg, Michel, and Robert B. Oxnam. Dragon and Eagle:
     United States-China Relations, Past and Future. New York:
     Basic Books, 1978.

O'Leary, Greg. "Chinese Foreign Policy--From `Anti-Imperialism' to
     `Anti-Hegemonism'." Pages 203-52 in Bill Brugger (ed.),
     China: The Impact of the Cultural Revolution. New
     York: Barnes & Noble, 1978.

Pollack, Jonathan D. The Lessons of Coalition Politics: 
     Sino-American Security Relations. (R-3133-AF.) Santa
     Monica: Rand, 1984.

______. Security, Strategy, and the Logic of Chinese Foreign
     Policy. (Research Papers and Policy Studies, No. 5.)
     Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
     California, 1981.

______. The Sino-Soviet Rivalry and Chinese Security
     Debate. (R-2907-AF.) Santa Monica: Rand, 1982.

Robinson, Thomas W. "The United States and China in the New Balance
     of Power," Current History, 84, No. 503, September
     1985, 241- 44, 281.

Ross, Robert S. "International Bargaining and Domestic Politics:
     US-China Relations since 1972," World Politics, 38,
     No. 2, January 1986, 255-87.

Scalapino, Robert A. "China and Northeast Asia." Pages 178-215 in
     Richard H. Solomon (ed.), The China Factor: Sino-American
     Relations and the Global Scene. Englewood Cliffs:
     Prentice-Hall, 1981.

Segal, Gerald. "China and Afghanistan," Asian Survey, 21,
     No. 11, November 1981, 1158-74.

______. Sino-Soviet Relations after Mao. London:
     International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1985.

Seth, S.P. "Sino-Indian Relations: Problems and Prospects,"
     Asia Pacific Community [Tokyo], No. 26, Fall 1984,
     66-85.

Shaw, Yu-ming (ed.). Power and Policy in the PRC. Boulder:
     Westview Press, 1985.

Shen Shouyuan. "Sino-European Relations in the Global Context:
     Increased Parallels in an Increasingly Plural World,"
     Asian Survey, 26, No. 11, November 1986, 1164-83.

Shichor, Yitzhak. "The Middle East." Pages 263-78 in Gerald Segal
     and William T. Tow (eds.), Chinese Defence Policy.
     Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984.

Simon, Sheldon W. "The Two Southeast Asias and China: Security
     Perspectives," Asian Survey, 24, No. 5, May 1984,
     519-33. 
Sobell, Vladimir. "The Reconciliation Between China and Eastern
     Europe," Washington Quarterly, 10, No. 2, Spring
     1987, 99-109.

Solomon, Richard H. "The China Factor in America's Foreign
     Relations: Perceptions and Policy Choices." Pages 1-47 in
     Richard H. Solomon (ed.), The China Factor: Sino- American
     Relations and the Global Scene. Englewood Cliffs:
     Prentice-Hall, 1981.

Starr, John Bryan. "Sino-American Relations: Policies in Tandem,"
     Current History, 85, No. 512, September 1986, 241-44,
     277-78.

Stuart, Douglas. "Western Europe." Pages 209-21 in Gerald Segal and
     William T. Tow (eds.), Chinese Defence Policy.
     Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984.

Sutter, Robert G. The China Quandary: Domestic Determinants of
     U.S. China Policy, 1972-1982. (Westview Special Studies
     in International Relations.) Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

______. Chinese Foreign Policy after the Cultural Revolution,
     1966-1977. (Westview Special Studies on China and East
     Asia.) Boulder: Westview Press, 1978.

______. Chinese Foreign Policy: Developments after Mao.
     New York: Praeger, 1986. 

______. "North Korea: The Fourth `Obstacle' in Sino-Soviet
     Relations?" Korea and World Affairs [Seoul], 10, No.
     2, Summer 1986, 370-403.

______. "The Strategic Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation in
     South Asia for China," Journal of Strategic Studies
     [London], 8, No. 4, December 1985, 49-56.

Townsend, James R., and Brantly Womack. Politics in China.
     (3d ed.) (Series in Comparative Politics: A Country Study.)
     Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directory of
     Chinese Officials and Organizations: A Reference Aid.
     Washington: 1986.

United States. Congress. 98th, 2d Session. Senate. Committee on
     Foreign Relations. United States-China Relations: Today's
     Realities and Prospects for the Future. (Hearing.)
     Washington: GPO, 1984.

United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and
     Research. Chinese Communist World Outlook.
     (Department of State Publication, Far Eastern series, 112.)
     Washington: GPO, 1962.

Van Ness, Peter. "Three Lines in Chinese Foreign Relations,
     1950-1983: The Development Imperative." Pages 113-42 in
     Dorothy Solinger (ed.), Three Visions of Chinese
     Socialism. Boulder: Westview Press, 1984.

Vertzberger, Yaacov. "Afghanistan in China's Policy," Problems
     of Communism, 31, No. 3, May-June 1982, 1-23.

______. The Enduring Entente: Sino-Pakistani Relations,
     1960-1980. (Washington Papers, 10, No. 95.) New York:
     Praeger, 1982.

______. "South Asia." Pages 247-62 in Gerald Segal and William T.
     Tow (eds.), Chinese Defence Policy. Urbana:
     University of Illinois Press, 1984.

Vohra, Ranbir. China's Path to Modernization. Englewood
     Cliffs: Prentice- Hall, 1987.

Wang, Gungwu. China and the World since 1949: The Impact of
     Independence, Modernity, and Revolution. (The Making of
     the 20th Century.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977.

Whiting, Allen S. "Assertive Nationalism in Chinese Foreign
     Policy," Asian Survey, 23, No. 8, August 1983,
     913-33.

______. "China and the World." Pages 15-75 in Allen S. Whiting and
     Robert F. Dernberger (eds.), China's Future: Foreign
     Policy and Economic Development in the Past-Mao Era. New
     York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.

______. China Crosses the Yalu: The Decision to Enter the
     Korean War. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968.

______. Chinese Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy in the
     1970s. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University
     of Michigan, 1979.

______. "Foreign Policy of China." Pages 246-89 in Roy C. Macridis
     (ed.), Foreign Policy in World Politics. Englewood
     Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1985.

Worden, Robert L. "International Organizations: China's Third World
     Policy in Practice." Pages 75-99 in Lillian Craig Harris and
     Robert L. Worden (eds.), China and the Third World:
     Champion or Challenger? Dover, Massachusetts: Auburn
     House, 1986.

Yahuda, Michael B. "China's New Outlook: The End of Isolationism?"
     World Today [London], 35, No. 5, May 1979, 180-88.

______. China's Role in World Affairs. London: Croom Helm,
     1978.

______. "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic
     of China." Pages 154- 61 in Zara Steiner (ed.), The Times
     Survey of Foreign Ministries of the World. London: Times
     Books, 1982.

______. Towards the End of Isolationism: China's Foreign Policy
     after Mao. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983.

Yearbook of International Organizations, 1984-85.
     Brussels: Union of International Organizations, 1984.

Yin, Ch'ing-yao. "The Evolution of Communist China's Foreign
     Policy." Pages 499-525 in Yu- ming Shaw (ed.), Mainland
     China: Politics, Economics, and Reform. Boulder: Westview
     Press, 1986.

Zhang Jia-lin. "Assessing United States-China Relations,"
     Current History, 84, No. 503, September 1985, 245-47,
     304.

   (Various issues of the following publications were used in the
preparation of this chapter: Asian Wall Street Journal
[Hong Kong]; Asiaweek [Hong Kong]; Beijing Review
[Beijing]; China Quarterly [London]; Christian Science
Monitor; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong];
Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report:
China; Issues & Studies [Taipei]; Joint Publications
Research Service, China Report: Political, Sociological, and
Military Affairs; and Washington Post.)

Chapter 13

Baker, Beverly G. "Chinese Law in the Eighties: The Lawyer and the
     Criminal Process," Albany Law Review, 46, No. 3,
     Spring 1982, 751-75.

Berney, Karen A. "China's New Revolution Introduces Democracy,"
     China Business Review, 4, No. 5, September-October
     1979, 45-49.

Blaustein, Albert O. (ed.). Fundamental Legal Documents of
     Communist China. South Hackensack, New Jersey: Rothman,
     1962.

Bodde, Derk, and Clarence Morris. Law in Imperial China.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967. 

Bowden, Tom, and David S.G. Goodman. "The Heroes of Tien An Men:
     Public Security in China," Journal of the Royal United
     Services Institute for Defence Studies [London], 121, No.
     4, December 1976, 20-26.

Braybrooke, George. "Recent Developments in Chinese Social Science,
     1977-79," China Quarterly [London], No. 79, September
     1979, 593-606.

Chang Gong. "Renmin Sifa Gongzuo de Hao Zhangcheng" (A Good
     Guideline for Administering People's Justice), Faxue
     Yanjiu (Studies in Law) [Beijing], April 1979, 34-37.

Chen, Phillip M. Law and Justice: The Legal System in China,
     2400 B.C. to 1960 A.D. New York: Dunellen, 1973.

Chen Shouyi, Liu Shengping, and Zhao Zhenping. "Wo Guo Fazhi
     Jianshe Sanshi Nian" (Thirty Years of Our Country's Legal
     System), Faxue Yanjiu (Studies in Law) [Beijing],
     April 1979, 1-8.

China. New China News Agency. "Completely Smash the Feudal,
     Capitalist, and Revisionist Legal System," Chinese Law and
     Government, 2, No. 4, Winter 1969-70, 7- 11.

Ch'u, T'ung-shu. Law and Society in Traditional China.
     (no. 4 of Le Monde d'outre-ma, passe et present. 1. Series,
     etudes.) Paris: Mouton, 1965.

Cohen, Jerome Alan. "China's Changing Constitution," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 76, December 1978, 794-841.

______. "Chinese Law: At the Crossroads," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 53, January-March 1973, 139-43.

______. The Criminal Process in the People's Republic of China,
     1949-1963. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.

______. "Drafting People's Mediation Rules." Pages 29-50 in John
     Wilson Lewis (ed.), The City in Communist China.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971.

Cohen, Jerome Alan, and Hungdah Chiu. People's China and
     International Law: A Documentary Study, I and II (Studies
     in East Asian Law series.) Princeton: Princeton University
     Press, 1974.

Eberhard, Wolfram. A History of China. (4th ed.) Berkeley
     and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977.

Edwards, R. Randle. "Formal Law Begins a Comeback in Post-Mao
     China," Contemporary China, 2, No. 2, Summer 1978,
     92-102. 

Epstein, Edward J. "The Evolution of China's General Principles of
     Civil Law," American Journal of Comparative Law, 34,
     No. 4, Fall 1986, 705-14.

Fairbank, John King, Edwin O. Reischauer, and Albert M. Craig.
     East Asia: Tradition and Transformation. Boston:
     Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

Fan Fenglin. "Tan Tan Rending Fanzui de Jige Jiben Wenti"
     (Discussing Some Basic Problems in Determining Guilt),
     Faxue Yanjiu (Studies in Law) [Beijing], April 1979,
     29- 33, 41.

Gardner, John. "The Chinese Constitution of 1975," Government
     and Opposition [London], 11, No. 2, Spring 1976, 212-23.

Gelhorn, Ernest. "The Developing Role of Law and Lawyers in China:
     Introduction," Albany Law Review, 46, No. 3, Spring
     1982, 687- 90.

Herman, Richard A. "The Education of China's Lawyers," Albany
     Law Review, 46, No. 3, Spring 1982, 789-804.

Hiramatsu, Shigeo, and Koichiro Takahashi. "Chugoku Jinmin Buso
     Keisatsu Budai no Sosetsu" (The Founding of the Chinese
     People's Armed Police Force), Kokubo (National
     Defense) [Tokyo], February 1984, 8- 28.

Hsia, Tao-tai, and Kathryn A. Haun. The 1975 Revised
     Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
     Washington: Law Library, Library of Congress, 1975.

______. Peking's Minister of Public Security on Strengthening
     the Legal System. Washington: Law Library, Library of
     Congress, August 1979.

______. The Re-Emergence of the Procuratorial System in the
     People's Republic of China. Washington: Law Library,
     Library of Congress, 1978.

Hsia, Tao-tai, and Constance Axinn Johnson. Law Making in the
     People's Republic of China: Terms, Procedures, Hierarchy, and
     Interpretation. Washington: Law Library, Library of
     Congress, 1986.

______. The Chinese Communist Party Constitution of 1982: Deng
     Xiaoping's Program for Modernization. Washington: Law
     Library, Library of Congress, 1984.

Hsia, Tao-tai, Charlotte A. Hambley, and Constance A. Johnson.
     "Introduction to the State Secrets Laws of the People's
     Republic of China," China Law Reporter, 2, No. 4,
     Fall 1983, 267-78.

Hsu, Immanuel C.Y. The Rise of Modern China. (3d ed.) New
     York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Hsueh, Chun-tu. "China in 1975: The New Constitution," Problems
     of Communism, 14, No. 3, May-June 1975, 11-19.

Hucker, Charles O. China's Imperial Past. Stanford:
     Stanford University Press, 1975.

Itatsu, Sogi. "Chugoku-han no KGB no Sosetsu" (Chinese KGB
     Established), Gunji Kenkyu (Japan Military Review)
     [Tokyo], November 1983, 194-204.

Keith, Ronald C. "Transcript of Discussions with Wu Daying and
     Zhang Zhonglin Concerning Legal Change," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 81, March 1980, 111-21.

Koeltl, John G. "Civil Rights and Liberties in China," Albany
     Law Review, 46, No. 3, Spring 1982, 740-50.

Lamb, Franklin P. "An Interview with Chinese Legal Officials,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 66, June 1976, 323-27.

Lan Quanpu. Sanshi Nian Lai Wo Guo Fagui Yange Gaikuang
     (Thirty Years of Legal Reform in Our Country). Beijing:
     Qunzhong Chubanshe (The Masses Publishing House), 1980.

Latourette, Kenneth Scott. The Chinese: Their History and
     Culture. New York: Macmillan, 1972.

"Laymen Learn about the Law," China Reconstructs
     [Beijing], 36, No. 3, March 1987, 64.

Leng, Shao-chuan. "Crime and Punishment in Post-Mao China,"
     China Law Reporter, 2, No. 1, Spring 1982, 5-33.

______. Justice in Communist China. Dobbs Ferry: Oceana,
     1967.

Leng, Shao-chuan, and Hungdah Chiu. Criminal Justice in
     Post-Mao China: Analysis and Documents. Albany: State
     University of New York Press, 1985.

Li, Victor H. "The Evolution and Development of the Chinese Legal
     System." Pages 221-55 in John M.H. Lindbeck (ed.), China:
     Management of a Revolutionary Society. Seattle:
     University of Washington Press, 1971.

______. Law Without Lawyers. Stanford: Stanford University
     Press, 1977.

______. "The Public Security Bureau and Political-Legal Work in
     Hui-yang, 1952-64." Pages 51-74 in John Wilson Lewis (ed.),
     The City in Communist China. Stanford: Stanford
     University Press, 1971.

Li Xunzhou. "Xin Zujiande Zhongguo Renmin Wuzhuang Jingcha Budui"
     (The Newly Organized Chinese People's Armed Police Force),
     Jiefangjun Huabao (Liberation Army Pictorial)
     [Beijing], May 1983, 1-3.

Lieberthal, Kenneth. "The Politics of Modernization in the PRC,"
     Problems of Communism, 27, No. 3, May-June 1978,
     1-17.

Lin, Fu-shun. Chinese Law Past and Present. New York:
     Columbia University Press, 1966.

Lindsay, Michael. The New Constitution of Communist China:
     Comparative Analysis. Taipei: Institute of International
     Relations, 1976.

Lubman, Stanley B. "Emerging Functions of Formal Legal Institutions
     in China's Modernization," China Law Reporter, 2, No.
     4, Fall 1983, 195-266.

______. "Form and Function in Chinese Criminal Process,"
     Columbia Law Review, 69, No. 4, April 1969, 536-75.

Meijer, M.J. "The New Criminal Law of the People's Republic of
     China," Review of Socialist Law [Alphen aan den Rijn,
     Netherlands], 6, No. 1, March 1980, 125-39.

Michael, Franz. "The Role of Law in Traditional China." Pages 57-66
     in William T. Liu (ed.), Chinese Society under
     Communism. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967.

Milton, David, Nancy Milton, and Franz Schurmann. "People's China:
     The New Constitution (1975)," China Quarterly
     [London], No. 62, June 1975, 345-50.

Ning, Han-Lin. "Voluntary Confession in the Criminal Law of the
     People's Republic of China," Chinese Law and
     Government, 2, No. 2, Spring 1969, 16-37.

Pheffer, Richard M. "Crime and Punishment: China and the U.S."
     Pages 261-81 in Jerome Alan Cohen (ed.), Contemporary
     Chinese Law. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970.

Pinard, Jeanette L. The People's Republic of China: A
     Bibliography of Selected English- Language Legal
     Materials. Washington: Law Library, Library of Congress,
     1983.

Qiao Wei. "The Status of the Studies of Chinese Legal Systems in
     Chinese Legal Education," Asian Thought and Society: An
     International Review, 11, Nos. 32-33, July- November,
     1986, 193-214.

Rickett, Allyn, and Adele Rickett. Prisoners of
     Liberation. New York: Anchor, 1973.

Ruge, Gerd. "An Interview with Chinese Legal Officials," China
     Quarterly [London], No. 61, March 1975, 118-26.

Schurmann, Franz. Ideology and Organization in Communist
     China. (2d ed.) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
     California Press, 1968.

Schurmann, Franz, and Orville Schell (eds.). Communist China:
     Revolutionary Reconstruction and International Confrontation,
     1949 to the Present (China readings, 3.) Harmondsworth:
     Penguin, 1968.

______. Imperial China: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth
     Centuries (China readings, 1.) Harmondsworth: Penguin,
     1967.

______. Republican China: Nationalism, War and the Rise of
     Communism 1911-1949 (China readings, 2.) Harmondsworth:
     Penguin, 1968.

Shi Changchun. "Studying Sociology from a Prison Cell," China
     Reconstructs [Beijing], 36, March 1987, 46-47.

Singer, Floyd L. Control of the Population of China and
     Vietnam: The Pao Chia System Past and Present. (Weapons
     Planning Group, NOTS Technical Publication, No. 3680.) China
     Lake, California: United States Naval Ordnance Test Station,
     November 1964.

Tang, Peter S.H. "A Revolutionary Charter: The 1975 Constitution of
     the People's Republic of China," Asian Thought and
     Society, 1, No. 1, April 1976, 33-41.

Tao, Lung-Sheng. "Politics and Law Enforcement in China,"
     American Journal of Comparative Law, 22, No. 4, Fall
     1974, 713-56. 

Van Der Sprenkel, Sybille. Legal Institutions in Manchu
     China. London: Athlone Press, 1962.

______. "The Role of Law in the Changing Society." Pages 225-67 in
     Jack Grey (ed.), Modern China's Search for a Political
     Form. London: Athlone Press, 1969.

Vogel, Ezra F. "Preserving Order in the Cities." Pages 75-93 in
     John Wilson Lewis (ed.), The City in Communist China.
     Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971.

Wang Gangyi. "Long Arm of the Law Flexes New Muscle," China
     Daily [Beijing], 5, No. 1352, November 1985, 1.

Wang Zhigang. "Zhongguo Jianyu Tanmi: Ji Bei Dahuang Baoanzhao
     Laogai Nongchang" (Exploring the Secrets of a Chinese Prison:
     Report on Baoanzhao, a Labor Reform Farm in the Great Northern
     Wasteland), Liaowang Zhoukan (Outlook Weekly), 45,
     November 10, 1986, 16-17.

Zheng, Henry R. "China's New Civil Law," American Journal of
     Comparative Law, 34, No. 4, Fall 1986, 669-704.

 (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Beijing Review [Beijing];
China News Analysis [Hong Kong]; Foreign Broadcast
Information Service, Daily Report: China; and Joint
Publications Research Service, China Report: Political,
Sociological, and Military Affairs.

Chapter 14

Bonds, Ray (ed.). The Chinese War Machine. New York:
     Crescent Books, 1979.

Bullard, Monte R. China's Political-Military Evolution.
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1985.

Bullard, Monte R., and Edward C. O'Dowd. "Defining the Role of the
     PLA in the Post- Mao Era," Asian Survey, 26, No. 6,
     June 1986, 706-20.

Chen, King C. China's War Against Vietnam, 1979: A Military
     Analysis. (Occasional Papers Reprints Series in
     Contemporary Asian Studies, No. 5, 1983 [58].) Baltimore:
     School of Law, University of Maryland, 1983.

Cheng, Chester J. (ed.). The Politics of the Chinese Red Army:
     A Translation of the Bulletin of Activities of the PLA.
     Stanford: Hoover Institute, 1966.

Cheung, Tai Ming. "China Switches from Defence to Development,"
     Pacific Defence Reporter [Victoria, Australia], 13,
     No. 5, November 1986, 27-28.

______. "Ready for Modern War," Far Eastern Economic
     Review [Hong Kong], 133, No. 32, August 7, 1986, 22-23.

Chu, Wellington. "Increased Military Sales to China: Problems and
     Prospects," Journal of International Affairs, Winter
     1986, 133- 47.

Connor, G.G. "Defence Procurement Procedures in the People's
     Republic of China," Jane's Defence Weekly [London],
     4, No. 5, August 3, 1985, 218-19, 221.

Copper, John F. "China's Military Assistance." Pages 96-134 in John
     F. Copper and Daniel S. Papp (eds.), Communist Nations'
     Military Assistance. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

Corr, Gerard H. The Chinese Red Army. Reading, Berskhire,
     United Kingdom: Osprey, 1974.

Daniel, Donald C., and Harlan W. Jencks. "Soviet Military
     Confrontation with China: Options for the USSR, the PRC, and
     the United States," Conflict, 5, No. 1, 1983, 57- 87.

Dreyer, June Teufel. "China's Military in the 1980's," Current
     History, 83, No. 494, September 1984, 269-71, 276-78.

______. "China's Military Modernization," Orbis, 27, No.
     4, Winter 1984, 1011-26.

______. "Civil-Military Relations in the People's Republic of
     China," Comparative Strategy, 5, No. 1, 1985, 27-49.

______. "The Role of the Armed Forces in Contemporary China." Pages
     25-54 in Edward A. Olsen and Stephen Jurika, Jr. (eds.),
     The Armed Forces in Contemporary Asian Societies.
     Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

Frankenstein, John. "Military Cuts in China," Problems of
     Communism, 34, No. 4, July-August 1985, 56-68.

Fraser, Angus M. The People's Liberation Army. New York:
     Crane, Russak, 1973.

Frieman, Wendy. "Foreign Technology and Chinese Modernization."
     Pages 51-68 in Charles D. Lovejoy, Jr. and Bruce W. Watson
     (eds.), China's Military Reforms: International and
     Domestic Implications. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

Ghosh, S.K. "China Military Modernization Programme," China
     Report [New Delhi], 14, No. 4, July-August 1978, 66-77.

Gilks, Anne, and Gerald Segal. China and the Arms Trade.
     New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

Girling, J.L.S. People's War. London: Allen & Unwin, 1969.
     Gittings, John. The Role of the Chinese Army. London:
     Oxford University Press, 1967.

Godwin, Paul H.B. The Chinese Defense Establishment: Continuity
     and Change in the 1980s. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

______. "The Chinese Defense Establishment in Transition: The
     Passing of a Revolutionary Army?" Pages 63-80 in A. Doak
     Barnett and Ralph N. Clough (eds.), Modernizing China:
     Post-Mao Reform and Development. Boulder: Westview Press,
     1986.

______. "People's War Revised: Military Doctrine, Strategy, and
     Operations." Pages 1- 13 in Charles D. Lovejoy, Jr. and Bruce
     W. Watson (eds.), China's Military Reforms: International
     and Domestic Implications. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

Griffith, Samuel B. The Chinese People's Liberation Army.
     (United States and China in World Affairs.) New York:
     Prentice-Hall, 1967.

______. Peking and People's War. New York: Praeger, 1966.

Griffith, Samuel B. (trans.). Mao Tse-tung on Guerrilla
     Warfare. New York: Praeger, 1961.

Guillermaz, Jacques. The Chinese Communist Party in Power,
     1949-1976. Boulder: Westview Press, 1976.

______. A History of the Chinese Communist Party,
     1921-1949. New York: Random House, 1972.

Haggerly, J.J. "The Chinese-Vietnamese Border War of 1979,"
     Army Quarterly and Defence Journal [Tavistock, United
     Kingdom], 109, No. 3, July 1979, 265-72.

Hahn, Bradley. "China's Emerging Sea Power," United States Naval
     Institute. Proceedings, 111, No. 3, March 1985, 102-
     107.

Henning, Stanley E. "Chinese Defense Strategy: A Historical
     Approach," Military Review, 59, No. 5, May 1979,
     60-67.

Hsieh, Alice Langley. Communist China's Strategy in the Nuclear
     Era. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1962.

Huck, Arthur. The Security of China: Chinese Approaches to
     Problems of War and Strategy. New York: Columbia
     University Press, 1970.

International Institute for Strategic Studies. The Military
     Balance, 1986-1987. London: 1986.

Jencks, Harlan W. "China's `Punitive' War on Vietnam: A Military
     Assessment," Asian Survey, 19, No. 8, August 1979,
     801-15.

______. From Muskets to Missiles: Politics and Professionalism
     in the Chinese Army, 1945- 1981. Boulder: Westview Press,
     1982.

______. "`People's War under Modern Conditions': Wishful Thinking,
     National Suicide, or Effective Deterrent?" China
     Quarterly [London], No. 98, June 1984, 305- 319.

Joffe, Ellis. The Chinese Army after Mao. Cambridge:
     Harvard University Press, 1987.

______. "Civil-Military Relations." Pages 18-35 in Gerald Segal and
     William T. Tow (eds.), Chinese Defence Policy.
     Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984.

______. Party and Army: Professionalism and Political Control
     in the Chinese Officer Corps, 1949-1964. Cambridge: East
     Asia Research Center, Harvard University, 1965.

______. "Party and Military in China: Professionalism in Command?"
     Problems of Communism, 32, No. 5, September-October
     1983, 48-63.

Joffe, Ellis, and Gerald Segal. "The Chinese Army and
     Professionalism," Problems of Communism, 27, No. 6,
     November-December 1978, 1-19.

______. "The PLA under Modern Conditions," Survival
     [London], 27, No. 4, July-August 1985, 145-57.

Johnson, Chalmers. Autopsy on People's War. Berkeley and
     Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973.

Johnston, Alastair I. "Changing Army-Party Relations in China,
     1979-1984," Asian Survey, 24, No. 10, October 1984,
     1012-39.

Kau, Ying-mao. The People's Liberation Army and China's
     Nation-Building. White Plains: International Arts and
     Sciences Press, 1973.

Kierman, Frank A., Jr., and John K. Fairbank (eds.). Chinese
     Ways in Warfare. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
     1974.

Kux, Ernst. "Reforming China's Army," Swiss Review of World
     Affairs [Zurich], 36, No. 6, September 1986, 29, 31.

Latham, Richard J. "The People's Republic of China: Profits,
     Consumerism, and Arms Sales." Pages 187-202 in James Everett
     Katz (ed.), The Implications of Third World Military
     Industrialization. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington
     Books, 1986.

Li Chaochen. "Some Modern Army Women," China Reconstructs
     [Beijing], 34, No. 3, March 1985, 25-27.

Liu, Leo Yuen-Yun. China as a Nuclear Power in World
     Politics. London: Macmillan, 1972. 

Lovejoy, Charles D., Jr., and Bruce W. Watson (eds.). China's
     Military Reforms: International and Domestic
     Implications. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1986.

Maxwell, Neville. India's China War. Bombay: Jaico, 1970.

"Military Situation Surrounding Japan." Pages 23-41 in Japan,
     Defense Agency (ed.), Defense of Japan, 1985. Tokyo:
     Japan Times, 1985.

Muller, David G., Jr. China as a Maritime Power. Boulder:
     Westview Press, 1983.

______. "A Chinese Blockade of Taiwan," United States Naval
     Institute. Proceedings, 110, No. 9, September 1984,
     50-55.

Unnikrishnan, Nandan. "Rapid Modernization of China's Airforce,"
     Patriot [New Delhi], October 15, 1986, 4.

Nelsen, Harvey W. The Chinese Military System: An
     Organizational Study of the Chinese People's Liberation
     Army. (2d ed.) Boulder: Westview Press, 1981.

______. "Internal Management in the Armed Forces: Confucian
     Anachronism or Model?" Pages 139-54 in Paul H.B. Godwin (ed.),
     The Chinese Defense Establishment: Continuity and Change
     in the 1980s. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

"A New Army for a New Society," China News Analysis [Hong
     Kong], No. 1303, February 1, 1986, 1-8.

"New Blood for the Army," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 11, No.
     26, June 28, 1985, 13.

Ng-Quinn, Michael. "The Chinese Military: Political Demands and
     Control," Armed Forces and Society, 12, No. 2, Winter
     1986, 253-86.

Parris, Ed. "Chinese Defense Expenditures, 1967-83." Pages 148-68
     in United States Congress, 99th, 2d Session, Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.), China's Economy Looks Toward the Year
     2000, 2: Economic Openness in Modernizing China.
     Washington: GPO, 1986.

Robinson, Thomas W. "Chinese Military Modernization in the 1980s,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 90, June 1982, 231- 52.

Schofield, Carolyn. "China's Defence Procurement and Production
     Organizations," Sino-British Trade Review [London],
     No. 265, October 1986, 1-5.

Segal, Gerald. "China." Pages 16-34 in Martin Edmonds (ed.),
     Central Organizations of Defense. Boulder: Westview
     Press, 1985.

______. Defending China. London: Oxford University Press,
     1985.
Segal, Gerald, and William T. Tow (eds.). Chinese Defence
     Policy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984.

Shambaugh, David L. "China's Defense Industries: Indigenous and
     Foreign Procurement." Pages 43-88 in Paul H.B. Godwin (ed.),
     The Chinese Defense Establishment: Continuity and Changes
     in the 1980s. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

Snow, Edgar. Red Star Over China. New York: Grove Press,
     1938.

Swanson, Bruce. "Air Forces." Pages 71-84 in Gerald Segal and
     William T. Tow (eds.), Chinese Defence Policy.
     Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984.

________. Eighth Voyage of the Dragon. Annapolis: United
     States Naval Institute Press, 1982.

"The Tiger Grows New Teeth: The Chinese Army and Its Reforms,"
     China News Analysis [Hong Kong], No. 1274, November
     19, 1984, 1-8.

Tretiak, Daniel. "China's Vietnam War and Its Consequences,"
     China Quarterly [London], No. 79, December 1979,
     740-67.

United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. World
     Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1985.
     Washington: GPO, 1985. United States. Central Intelligence
     Agency. Military Organizations of the People's Republic of
     China. (CR85-15193.) Washington: 1985.

______. National Foreign Assessment Center. Chinese Defense
     Spending, 1965-79. (Research Paper, No. SR 80-100091.)
     Washington: July 1980.

United States. Congress. 96th, 1st Session. Joint Economic
     Committee (ed.). Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in
     Government. Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union and
     China, 1979, Pt. 5. (Hearings June 26 and July 9, 1979.)
     Washington: GPO, 1980.

United States. Defense Intelligence Agency. Handbook of the
     Chinese People's Liberation Army. Washington: 1984.

Waller, Thomas G., Jr. "The Inferno of People's War," Air
     University Review, 35, No. 3, March-April 1984, 56-70.

Wang, Robert S. "China's Evolving Strategic Doctrine," Asian
     Survey, 24, No. 10, October 1984, 1040-55.

Weiss, Kenneth G. "Dragon at Sea: China's Navy in Strategy and
     Diplomacy." Pages 381- 407 in James L. George (ed.), The
     Soviet and Other Communist Navies: The View from the mid-
     1980s. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press,
     1986.

Whiting, Allen S. China Crosses the Yalu. New York:
     Macmillan, 1960.

______. The Chinese Calculus of Deterrence: India and
     Indochina. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975.

Whitson, William W. The Chinese High Command. New York:
     Praeger, 1974.

Whitson, William W. (ed.). The Military and Political Power in
     China in the 1970s. New York: Praeger, 1972.

Wilson, Dick. The Long March. New York: Avon Books, 1971.

Xu Xiaocun. "The Chinese People's Liberation Army and World Peace,"
     Voice of Friendship [Beijing], No. 20, December 1986,
     29-32.

Yee, Herbert S. "The Sino-Vietnamese Border War: China's Motives,
     Calculations, and Strategies," China Report [New
     Delhi], 16, No. 1, January-February 1980, 15-32.

Young, P. Lewis. "China and the South China Sea," Asian Defence
     Journal [Kuala Lumpur], July 1986, 22, 26, 28-31. 

Yu Yu-lin. "Politics in Teng Hsiao-p'ing's Army-Building Strategy
     (1977-1984)," Issues & Studies [Taipei], 21, No. 10,
     October 1985, 34-57.

   (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Asiaweek [Hong Kong];
Asian Defence Journal [Kuala Lumpur]; Aviation Week
and Space Technology; Beijing Review [Beijing];
China Business Review; China Daily [Beijing];
Defense and Foreign Affairs Weekly; The Economist
[London]; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong];
Flight International [London]; Foreign Broadcast
Information Service, Daily Report: China;
International Defense Review [Geneva]; Issues &
Studies [Taipei]; Jane's Defence Weekly [London];
Joint Publications Research Service, China Report: Political,
Sociological, and Military Affairs; and Pacific Defence
Reporter [Victoria, Australia].)


China - TABLE OF CONTENTS


Go Up - Top of Page

Make allRefer Reference your HomepageAdd allRefer Reference to your FavoritesGo to Top of PagePrint this PageSend this Page to a Friend


Information Courtesy: The Library of Congress - Country Studies


Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities.

 

 

 
 


About Us | Contact Us | Terms of Use | Privacy | Links Directory
Link to allRefer | Add allRefer Search to your site

©allRefer
All Rights reserved. Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.