Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population Growth Rate and Its Sources, 1938-82

Average Rate of Increase¹			Source of Change²
Period	Total Increase	Natural Increase	Birth Rate	Death Rate	Net Migration Rate
1938-51	2.0	2.4	46.5	22.4	-4.1
1951-64	3.1	3.0	47.2	17.4	1.3
1964-69	2.9	3.1	43.0	11.7	-2.8
1969-73	2.2	2.4	33.8	9.7	-2.6
1973-78	2.0	2.2	30.4	8.5	-2.1
1978-82	2.0	2.2	29.7	8.0	-1.8

¹ Percentage per year.
² Per thousand population.

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Colombia: Economic Development and Policy under Changing Conditions, Washington, 1984, 13.

Table 3. Demographic Indicators, Selected Years, 1966-67 to 1980-81

	1966-67	1971-72	1975- 76	1980-81
Fertility rate (children per woman)	6.4	4.8	4.0	3.5
Life expectancy at birth (years)	56.5	58.3	60.1	61.6
Infant mortality rate^* (deaths per thousand births)	87.0	78.0	69.9	63.1
Dependency ratio (percentage of children under ten years of age in total population)	34.3	32.4	29.3	25.6

^*The National Health Survey produced a maximum, minimum, and an average estimate for infant mortality. These figures are average estimates.

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Colombia: Economic Development and Policy under Changing Conditions, Washington, 1984, 14.

Table 4. Urban and Rural Population Size and Growth Rates, 1938-82

	Urban²			Rura l		Total
Years¹	Size³	Percen tage of Total	Growth⁴	Size	Growth	Size	Growth
1938	2,879	30.9		6,438		9,317
			3.7		1.1		2.0
1951	4,630	38.5		7,397		12,027
			5.5		1.1		3.1
1964	9,328	52.1		8,576		17,904
			4.1		0.7		2.6
1973	13,340	59.5		9,141		22,481
			3.0		0.4		2.0
1982	17,500	64.9		9,465		26,965

¹ Census years except for 1982.
² Urban population defined as persons living in a county seat (cabecera municipal, i.e., urban area of a municipality).
³ Midyear population in thousands.
⁴ Rate in average percentage per year.

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Colombia: Economic Development and Policy under Changing Conditions, Washington, 1984.

Table 5. Trends in Rural-Urban Wage Differential, 1962-64, 1969-71, and 1978-79

**(in percentages)**
	1962-64	1969-71	1978-79
Agricultural workers^*	100	100	100
Unskilled construction workers in Bogotá	109	117	90
Industrial workers
Blue-collar workers	307	359	214
White-collar workers	702	889	476

^*The figure of 100 for the three periods is an index on which the other figures are based.

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Colombia: Economic Development and Policy under Changing Conditions, Washington, 1984, 32.

Table 6. Infant Mortality, Selected Years, 1950-84

**(deaths per thousand live births)**
Year	Maximum Estimates	Minimum Estimates	Average Estimates
1950	144	136	140
1960	116	103	110
1965	105	89	97
1970	94	77	86
1975	85	67	76
1980	76	58	67
1984	n.a.	n.a.	52

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Colombia Health Sector Review, Washington, 1982, 63; and Pan American Health Organization, Evaluation of the Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000, Washington, 1986, 236.

Table 7. Employment by Economic Sector, Selected Years, 1938-84

**(in percentages)**
Sector	1938	1951	1964	197 4	1984
Agriculture	59.2	55.9	49.0	41.9	32.7
Commerce	5.7	5.6	8.9	12.6	17.8
Construction	2.8	3.7	4.5	4.7	5.0
Manufacturing	14.1	12.7	13.2	14.3	16.4
Mining	2.3	1.7	1.6	0.8	1.1
Services	15.9	20.4	22.8	25.7	27.0
TOTAL	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: Based on information from Colombia, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Plan de Economía Social, Agosto 1987, Bogotá, 1987, 168.

Table 8. Average Yield Comparisons of Principal Crops, 1983

**(in kilograms per hectare)**
Crop	Colombia	South America	World
Barley	1,030	1,258	2,113
Cereals	2,473	1,910	2,282
Cacao	571	479	333
Coffee	739	640	547
Cassava	10,381	10,950	8,277
Maize	1,450	1,956	2,798
Potatoes	12,500	10,210	8,277
Rice	4,490	1,953	3,114
Sorghum	2,105	3,001	1,344
Soybeans	2,017	1,787	1,601
Sugarcane	90,323	63,316	57,733
Tobacco	1,440	1,262	1,327

Source: Based on information from Food and Agriculture Organization, 1983 FAO Production Yearbook, Rome, 1984.

Table 9. Crop Production, 1981, 1983, and 1985

**(in thousands of tons)**
Commodity	1981	1983	1985
Bananas	1,109	963	1,104
Barley	56	28	50
Beans	73	82	99
Cacao	36	40	44
Cassava	2,150	1,615	1,910
Coffee	810	798	660
Corn	880	864	763
Cotton	116	77	125
Cottonseed	215	61	186
Palm oil	80	102	121
Plantains	2,400	2,247	2,228
Potatoes	2,105	2,187	1,910
Rice	1,788	1,780	1,796
Sesame seed	17	5	16
Sorghum	532	602	499
Soybeans	89	122	104
Sugar, raw	1,148	1,350	1,300
Sugar, refined	803	780	983
Tobacco	41	37	26
Wheat	62	77	76

Source: Based on information from United States, Department of Agriculture, World Indices of Agricultural and Food Production, 1975-85, Washington, 1986, 28.

Table 10. Production of Precious Minerals, 1982-86

**(in troy ounces unless otherwise indicated)**
Mineral	1982	1983	1984	19 85	1986
Gold	459,559	426,517	730,670	1,142,385	1,279,242
Silver	124,222	132,392	153,441	168,770	186,814
Platinum	11,886	10,301	10,106	11,528	14,368
Emeralds (in carats)	395,960	1,011,345	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile: Colombia, 1987-88, London, 1987, 13.

Table 11. Actual and Projected Coal Production by Administrative Division, Selected Years, 1984- 89

**(in thousands of tons)**
	Actual		Projected
Administrative Division	1984	1986	1988	1989
La Guajira	1,497	6,030	11,900	14,400
Cundinamarca	1,813	1,930	2,044	2,079
Boyacá	1,509	1,400	1,550	1,577
Antioquia	782	890	926	942
Norte de Santander	304	490	n.a.	n.a.
Valle del Cauca	645	730	796	809
Other	87	75	484	493

Source: Based on information from Colombia, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Plan de Economía Social, Agosto 1987, Bogotá, 1987, 415, 417.

Table 12. Balance of Payments, 1983- 87

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987
Current account
Merchandise exports	3,147	3,623	3,883	5,477	5,206
Merchandise imports	-4,464	-4,027	-3,734	- 3,486	-3,933
Trade balance	-1,317	-404	149	1,991	1,273
Exports of services	1,133	1,055	1,227	1,144	1,244
Imports of services	-2,806	-3,000	-3,060	- 3,414	-3,805
Net transfers	164	299	464	774	700
Current account balance	-2,826	-2,050	-1,220	495	-588
Capital account
Foreign investment	514	561	729	689	418
Portfolio investment	-2	-3	-1	39	n.a.
Other long-term capital	1,016	1,264	1,330	1,584	539
Short-term capital	-92	-878	-208	- 1.220	-445
Capital account balance	1,436	944	1,850	1,092	512
Errors and omissions	-266	-175	-307	- 226	n.a.
Counterpart items	-67	20	-39	51	n.a.
Overall balance	-1,723	-1,261	284	1,412	-76

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Colombia, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Plan de Economía Social, Agosto 1987, Bogotá, 1987, 330.

Table 13. Foreign Debt Statistics, Selected Years, 1980-86

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1980	1982	1984	1986
Debt level External debt total (EDT)	6,935.6	10,302.4	12,273.5	14,618.8
Total debt service (TDS)	528.9	877.9	1,088.7	1,795.3
Interest payments	278.9	570.5	545.2	871.2
New loan commitment terms:
Interest rate (in percentages)	12.9	10.7	10.4	8.5
Maturity (in years)	15.3	14.1	13.8	13.6
Grace period (in years)	4.4	4.7	4.2	3.1
Key ratios
EDT to gross domestic product	20.9	27.0	33.4	46.8
EDT to exports	118.3	207.1	230.4	225.0
Public debt to exports	69.7	120.4	149.6	176.0
TDS to exports	9.0	17.7	20.4	27.6

Source: Based on information from World Bank, World Debt Tables, 1987-88, II, Washington, 1988, 78-81.

Colombia - TABLE OF CONTENTS