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Appendix
Ethiopia: Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population by Urban-Rural Breakdown and by Region and Addis Ababa, May 1988


Region	Urban	Rural	Total
Arsi	127,547	1,733,059	1,860,606
Bale	79,159	1,047,538	1,126,697
Eritrea	440,875	2,497,238	2,938,113
Gamo Gofa	61,015	1,334,316	1,395,331
Gojam	252,042	3,380,234	3,632,276
Gonder	239,010	3,031,430	3,270,440
Harerge	321,202	4,336,657	4,657,859
Ilubabor	59,454	1,018,854	1,078,308
Kefa	145,205	2,595,568	2,740,773
Shewa	701,294	8,358,623	9,059,917
Sidamo	267,093	3,974,734	4,241,827
Tigray	261,890	2,439,031	2,700,921
Welega	141,043	2,629,555	2,770,598
Welo	264,697	3,811,262	4,075,959
Aseb Administration^*	36,348	65,004	101,352
Addis Ababa^*	1,654,327	n.a.	1,654,327
TOTAL	5,052,201	42,253,103	47,305,304

n.a.--not applicable.

^* In 1988 Aseb and Addis Ababa were both separate administrative divisions.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Census Supplement, I, Addis Ababa, 1989, Table 1-2.

Table 3. Area, Population, and Population Density by Region and Addis Ababa, 1975 and 1987


Region	Area (in thousands of square kilometers)	Population (in thousands)		Population Density (persons per square kilometer)
		1975	1987	1975	1987
Arsi	23.7	1,337.8	1,808.5	56.4	76.3
Bale	127.1	810.7	1,095.1	6.4	8.6
Eritrea	93.7	2,107.9	2,852.9	22.5	30.4
Gamo Gofa	40.3	1,005.3	1,356.7	24.9	33.7
Gojam	61.2	2,612.4	3,530.5	42.7	57.7
Gonder	79.6	2,350.1	3,178.7	29.5	39.9
Harerge	272.6	3,348.5	4,527.4	12.3	16.6
Ilubabor	46.5	775.6	1,048.3	16.7	22.5
Kefa	56.6	1,971.5	2,664.6	34.8	47.1
Shewa	85.1	6,512.0	8,805.3	76.5	103.5
Sidamo	119.7	3,052.4	4,123.3	25.5	34.4
Tigray	64.9	1,938.9	2,624.4	29.9	40.4
Welega	70.5	1,993.1	2,693.6	28.3	38.2
Welo	82.1	2,931.7	3,962.0	35.7	48.3
Aseb Administration¹	27.5	73.8	98.2	2.7	3.6
Addis Ababa²	0.2	1,136.6	1,589.2	5,683.6	7,946.0
ETHIOPIA	1,251.3	33,958.3	45,958.7	27.1	36.7

¹ Aseb Administration was carved out of southern Eritrea and made into a separate administrative division in 1981.
² Addis Ababa was part of Shewa in 1975 but is listed separately for comparative purposes. By 1981 Addis Ababa had become an administrative division of its own.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, Table 7-1, 22.

Table 4. Population of Largest Cities and Towns, 1967, 1975, and 1987


City or Town	1967	1975	1987
Addis Ababa	644,190	1,136,600	1,589,176
Asmera	178,537	221,801	309,807
Dire Dawa	50,733	76,639	107,150
Harer	42,771	48,559	67,892
Dese	40,619	56,849	79,458
Gonder	36,309	64,562	90,220
Jima	30,580	49,044	68,618
Nazret	27,812	59,176	82,725
Mekele	23,105	47,157	65,581
Debre Zeyit	22,055	39,675	55,461
Debre Markos	21,536	31,842	44,410
Asela	13,886	29,637	41,313
Nekemte	12,691	23,342	32,637
Bahir Dar	12,463	43,826	61,121
Dila	11,287	18,898	26,392
Aseb	10,945	25,000	39,917
Akaki	10,924	42,002	58,717
Sodo	10,842	19,414	27,116
Debre Birhan	9,188	19,978	27,929
Agaro	8,995	15,090	21,107
Shashemene	7,837	24,459	34,193
Goba	7,304	18,515	25,835
Awasa	5,575	27,517	39,827
Metu	4,060	10,057	14,042
Jijiga	4,031	18,111	25,320
Arba Minch	2,890	14,261	26,711
Wonji	n.a.	n.a.	38,408
Keren	n.a.	n.a.	29,416

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Ethiopia: Statistical Abstract, 1967 and 1968, Addis Ababa, 1969, 30-36; and Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, 25-28.

Table 5. Number of Schools by Grade Level and by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1985-86¹


	1974-75			1985- 86
Region	Grades 1-6	Grades 7- 8	Grades 9-12	Grades 1-6	Grades 7- 8	Grades 9-12
Arsi	135	19	3	333	43	14
Bale	83	8	1	310	18	5
Eritrea	428	66	14	225	55	18
Gamo Gofa	77	8	3	323	18	5
Gojam	135	14	4	676	58	17
Gonder	184	21	4	578	33	18
Harerge	214	47	7	659	65	13
Ilubabor	137	14	4	405	35	10
Kefa	93	11	3	499	40	9
Shewa	538	100	25	1,443	246	50
Sidamo	148	31	6	786	56	13
Tigray	178	19	7	82	24	11
Welega	463	28	10	723	100	15
Welo	158	23	3	649	45	15
Aseb Administration²	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	12	1	1
Addis Ababa³	225	98	30	197	127	31
TOTAL	3,196	507	124	7,900	964	245

n.a.--not available.
¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian calendar year--see Glossary.
² Aseb Administration was carved out of southern Eritrea and made into a separate administrative division in 1981.
³ Addis Ababa was part of Shewa in 1974 but is listed separately for comparative purposes. By 1981 Addis Ababa had become an administrative division of its own.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, Table 16-3, 107.

Table 6. Number of Students by Grade Level and Sex, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1985- 86^*


		1974-75			1985- 86
Grade Level	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total
Grades 1-6	651,893	305,408	957,301	1,491,015	957,763	2,448,778
Grades 7-8	85,286	39,298	124,584	221,102	142,030	363,132
Grades 9-12	47,439	16,774	64,213	178,699	113,686	292,385
University	523	72	595	16,438	1,998	18,436
TOTAL	785,141	361,552	1,146,693	1,907,254	1,215,477	3,122,731

^* For explanation of the Ethiopian calendar year--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, Table 61-1, 105.

Table 7. Number of Teachers by Grade Level and by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1985-86¹


	1974-75			1985-86
Region	Grades 1-6	Grades 7- 8	Grades 9-12	Grades 1-6	Grades 7- 8	Grades 9-12
Arsi	874	126	66	2,864	373	311
Bale	514	53	24	2,050	210	191
Eritrea	2,307	480	355	2,471	561	604
Gamo Gofa	605	64	39	2,155	167	197
Gojam	1,124	167	100	3,415	430	413
Gonder	1,104	148	71	2,919	321	367
Harerge	1,384	242	153	3,444	411	362
Ilubabor	739	92	32	2,463	207	182
Kefa	678	109	55	3,190	172	265
Shewa	3,094	613	357	6,856	1,309	1,277
Sidamo	1,341	238	110	5,234	641	578
Tigray	3,105	175	152	1,879	280	302
Welega	1,709	177	148	4,238	526	508
Welo	1,187	172	96	3,542	371	487
Aseb Administration²	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	128	14	22
Addis Ababa³	3,086	852	770	4,074	1,322	1,837
TOTAL	22,851	3,708	2,528	50,922	7,315	7,903

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, Table 16-2, 108.

Table 8. Medical Facilities by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1975-76 and 1983- 84¹


	Hospitals		Hospital Beds²		Clinics		Health Centers
Region	1975-76	1983-84	1975- 76	1983-84	1975-76	1983-84	1975- 76	1983-84
Arsi	2	2	121	176	45	96	4	6
Bale	1	1	95	140	34	79	4	5
Eritrea³	17	16	2,324	2,895	121	163	3	5
Gamo Gofa	3	3	137	151	49	75	4	7
Gojam	3	3	242	285	47	104	7	8
Gonder	10	3	191	438	51	112	12	13
Harerge	2	10	828	887	111	150	10	13
Ilubabor	2	2	163	140	51	79	5	7
Kefa	3	3	230	226	61	102	6	9
Shewa	11	10	590	882	122	265	15	18
Sidamo	5	5	419	469	89	145	8	10
Tigray	4	4	298	570	64	102	9	9
Welega	4	4	297	337	78	164	7	10
Welo	4	5	189	454	70	144	12	14
Addis Ababa⁴	13	14	2,499	3,257	16	129	n.a.	7
TOTAL	84	85	8,623	11,307	1,009	1,909	106	141

n.a.--not available.
¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian calendar year--see Glossary. Table does not include police and armed forces facilities.
² Does not include number of beds in three hospitals.
³ Includes Aseb Administration, which was carved out of southern Eritrea and made into a separate administrative division in 1981.
⁴ Addis Ababa was part of Shewa in 1975-76 but is listed separately for comparative purposes. By 1981 Addis Ababa had become an administrative division of its own.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, Table 17-1, 110.

Table 9. Medical Personnel by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1983- 84¹


	Physicians		Nurses		Heal th Assistants
Region	1974-75	1983-84	1974- 75	1983-84	1974-75	1983-84
Arsi	5	12	24	40	149	269
Bale	7	13	74	6	34	158
Eritrea	30	50	129	199	486	654
Gamo Gofa	4	4	18	46	107	200
Gojam	10	15	38	81	173	337
Gonder	8	30	36	87	172	367
Harerge	25	38	63	109	314	470
Ilubabor	6	8	22	34	101	190
Kefa	17	15	31	81	120	341
Shewa	20	35	95	196	562	985
Sidamo	9	23	47	112	247	522
Tigray	7	13	42	65	212	286
Welega	10	20	54	101	210	495
Welo	5	22	31	78	193	426
Aseb Administration²	22	4	44	16	111	66
Addis Ababa³	165	244	523	652	1,083	1,114
TOTAL	350	546	1,271	1,903	4,274	6,880

¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian calendar year--see Glossary. Table does not include police and armed forces personnel.
² Aseb Administration was carved out of southern Eritrea and made into a separate administrative division in 1981.
³ Addis Ababa was part of Shewa in 1974-75 but is listed separately for comparative purposes. By 1981 Addis Ababa had become an administrativedivision ofits own.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Facts and Figures, Addis Ababa, 1987, Table 17-4, 114-15.

Table 10. Key Economic Indicators, Ethiopian Fiscal Years, 1974-75 to 1988-89¹


Phase and Year	GDP²	Agriculture³	Manufacturing³	Current Account Deficit⁴	Overall Fiscal Deficit⁴	Retail Price Index⁵	Debt Service Ratio⁶
Phase I--Revolution
1974-75	0.0	- 1.8	-1.6	3.0	4.1	6.5	7.3
1975-76	1.7	3.0	0.8	0.3	5.4	28.6	7.2
1976-77	1.1	0.1	2.3	2.7	3.9	16.6	6.4
1977-78	-1.3	- 1.5	-3.9	5.1	6.8	14.3	6.7
Average	0.4	0.4	-0.3	2.8	5.1	16.5	6.9
Phase II--Economic
zemecha⁷
1978-79	5.7	2.4	27.3	4.2	3.4	16.0	11.0
1979-80	5.7	4.8	10.5	5.7	5.1	4.5	7.6
Average	5.7	3.6	18.9	4.6	3.8	10.3	9.3
Phase III--Decline
1980-81	3.1	2.6	5.6	6.8	4.5	6.1	7.5
1981-82	1.2	- 1.3	4.6	8.8	8.2	5.6	13.7
1982-83	5.3	4.7	7.3	7.0	16.1	- 0.4	17.8
1983-84	-3.6	- 9.9	3.8	8.6	8.9	8.4	19.9
1984-85	-7.0	- 16.3	1.6	8.1	15.8	19.1	19.2
Average	-0.2	- 4.1	5.2	7.9	10.7	7.8	15.6
Phase IV--Stagnation
1985-86	6.7	9.2	5.3	8.9	11.6	- 9.8	23.4
1986-87	9.0	14.4	5.9	10.9	9.9	- 2.4	29.5
1987-88	3.6	- 0.2	2.2	11.6	9.6	7.1	38.6
1988-89⁸	2.9	2.7	1.7	11.1	22.7	n.a.	33.8
1989-90⁸	2.9	-1.9	-2.1	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	51.6⁸
Average	5.0	4.8	3.3	10.6	13.5	- 1.7	35.4

n.a.--not available.
¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian fiscal year--see Glossary.
² GDP--gross domestic product; percentage growth per annum.
³ Contribution to GDP; percentage growth per annum.
⁴ As a percentage of GDP.
⁵ Percentage increase.
⁶ As a percentage of exports.
⁷ For definition of zemecha--see Glossary.
⁸ Estimated.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Office of the National Council for Central Planning, National Accounts Division, Addis Ababa, various publications; Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Ethiopia: Statistical Abstract, Addis Ababa, various issues; and World Bank, Washington, various publications.

Table 11. Average Annual Income, Retail Price Index, and Real Income, Selected Ethiopian Calendar Years, 1970-71 to 1987-88¹


		Retail Price Index		Real Income
Year	Average Annual Income²	Index³	Percentage Change over Previous Year	Income	Percentage Change over Previous Year
1970-71	1,125	143.7	n.a.	783	n.a.
1974-75	1,577	170.1	18.4	927	18.4
1980-81	2,298	375.2	120.6	612	-34.0
1981-82	2,352	396.1	5.6	594	-2.9
1982-83	2,530	394.5	-0.4	641	7.9
1983-84	2,540	427.8	8.4	594	-7.3
1984-85	2,745	509.4	19.1	537	-9.3
1985-86	2,793	459.4	-9.8	608	12.8
1986-87	2,990	448.3	-2.4	667	8.8
1987-88	3,107	480.0	7.1	647	-3.0

¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian calendar year--see Glossary.
² Wages and salaries of industrial workers; in birr (for value of the birr--see Glossary).
³ 1963=100.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Ethiopia: Statistical Abstract, Addis Ababa, various issues; and Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Annual Survey of Manufacturing Industries, Addis Ababa, various issues.

Table 12. Retail Price Index for Addis Ababa, Selected Ethiopian Calendar Years, 1970-71 to 1987- 88¹


Year	General Index²	Food	Household Items	Clothing	Transportation
1970-71	143.7	155.4	133.5	141.3	100.0
1974-75	170.1	175.1	179.8	190.6	104.8
1980-81	375.2	441.2	366.1	281.3	140.6
1981-82	396.1	467.6	379.3	279.3	153.5
1982-83	394.5	470.7	352.6	273.5	156.4
1983-84	427.8	522.8	376.1	272.8	154.9
1984-85	509.4	654.7	406.8	268.2	156.4
1985-86	459.4	553.1	436.9	273.2	156.9
1986-87	448.3	521.3	479.4	271.4	162.7
1987-88	480.0	562.4	506.9	275.1	164.8

¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian calendar year--see Glossary.
² 1963=100.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Ethiopia: Statistical Abstract, Addis Ababa, various issues.

Table 13. Production of Major Crops, Selected Ethiopian Calendar Years, 1974-75 to 1988- 89¹

**(in thousands of tons)**
Crop	1974-75	1980-81	1984- 85	1985-86	1986-87	1987-88	1988- 89
Cereals
Barley	624.9	1,075.2	842.1	913.9	993.2	995.3	1,075.0
Corn	840.8	948.2	1,087.8	1,037.0	1,715.4	1,819.5	2,001.5
Millet	156.7	204.4	187.4	189.9	119.8	n.a.	n.a.
Oats	n.a.	46.4	27.4	31.5	36.4	n.a.	n.a.
Sorghum	630.5	1,410.8	507.2	904.5	963.2	993.3	1,112.6
Teff²	847.9	1,312.1	912.2	968.7	1,033.2	1,049.6	1,182.0
Wheat	698.9	613.2	675.6	774.4	775.3	835.8	894.3
Total cereals²	3,799.7	5,610.4	4,239.8	4,820.0	5,636.4	5,949.5	6,544.5
Pulses
Broad beans	282.1	469.3	265.9	233.3	293.5	259.2	n.a.
Chick-peas	93.4	118.3	92.3	84.4	72.2	n.a.	n.a.
Field peas	44.7	147.7	84.4	69.3	83.5	n.a.	n.a.
Haricot	32.8	19.7	26.9	23.3	33.3	n.a.	n.a.
Lentils	46.6	59.9	18.9	25.9	26.9	n.a.	n.a.
Soybeans	n.a.	1.9	0.5	0.3	0.6	n.a.	n.a.
Vetch	12.6	31.3	41.7	30.9	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Total pulses²	512.2	848.0	530.6	467.4	540.8	562.9	619.2
Other
Fenugreek	n.a.	2.5	4.7	0.1	2.4	n.a.	n.a.
Flaxseed	18.9	27.2	33.9	38.3	31.1	27.2	n.a.
Groundnuts (peanuts)	n.a.	n.a.	0.2	0.4	0.6	n.a.	n.a.
Niger seed (neug)	26.6	64.1	61.8	59.5	45.5	43.9	n.a.
Rapeseed	n.a.	1.5	1.6	2.0	4.1	n.a.	n.a.
Sesame	n.a.	6.5	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.4	n.a.
Sunflower seed	n.a.	0.2	1.3	0.9	0.6	n.a.	n.a.
Total other³	58.1	102.1	102.6	101.4	84.5	87.3	96.0
TOTAL³	4,370.0	6,560.6	4,873.0	5,388.8	6,261.7	6,599.7	7,259.7

n.a.--not available.
¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian calender year--see Glossary.
² For definition of teff--see Glossary.
³ Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Ethiopia, Central Statistical Authority, Area, Production, and Yield of Major Crops Estimates, Addis Ababa, various issues.

Table 14. Value of Principal Exports, Selected Ethiopian Fiscal Years, 1974-75 to 1988- 89¹

**(in millions of birr)²**
Product	1974-75	1980-81	1984- 85	1985-86	1986-87	1987-88	1988- 89³
Coffee	117.5	524.3	466.3	664.8	524.3	439.2	525.4
Oilseeds	89.1	28.4	15.6	7.9	9.8	22.0	12.8
Pulses	73.5	23.7	16.9	12.6	8.5	16.1	17.0
Hides and skins	37.2	92.7	95.4	119.5	108.3	133.0	140.0
Live animals	16.9	9.8	19.7	18.2	15.6	32.4	30.0
Meat, canned and frozen	9.9	6.3	3.9	3.9	5.4	5.1	5.4
Fruits and vegetables	9.8	3.6	5.9	6.0	12.8	11.8	15.6
Raw cotton	8.0	28.2	1.8	0.0	1.6	1.1	1.0
Petroleum products	7.4	76.1	67.3	44.2	27.3	36.0	30.6
Oilseed cake	7.2	8.8	1.0	2.0	1.7	1.1	1.0
Sugar⁴	6.8	9.8	9.3	10.4	12.6	16.4	16.5
Other⁵	62.0	39.4	40.2	33.8	66.9	59.4	106.8
Reexports	30.9	0.4	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	n.a.
TOTAL	476.2	851.5	743.3	923.8	794.8	773.6	902.1

n.a.--not available.
¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian fiscal year--see Glossary.
² For value of the birr--see Glossary.
³ Estimated.
⁴ Primarily molasses.
⁵ Includes 26.7 million birr of nonmonetary gold in 1979-80.

Source: Based on information from National Bank of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, various publications.

Table 15. Balance of Payments, Selected Ethiopian Fiscal Years, 1980-81 to 1988-89¹

**(in millions of United States dollars)**
	1980-81	1984-85	1985-86	1986- 87	1987-88	1988-89
Exports	554.1	548.9	662.2	616.1	629.2	735.0
Imports	770.5	962.2	1,192.0	1,217.0	1,259.0	1,345.5
Trade balance	-216.4	-413.3	-529.8	-600.9	-629.8	-610.5
Factor services (net)	-7.1	-33.0	-28.8	- 37.0	-63.0	- 94.2
Private transfers (net)	24.7	144.9	209.4	162.5	182.6	195.6
Official transfers (net)²	59.8	298.3	293.2	211.8	121.7	132.0
Current account balance	- 139.0	-3.1	-56.0	-263.6	-388.5	-377.1
Private loans (net)³	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Public loans (net)³	161.6	162.3	277.2	181.3	260.4	280.7
Short-term capital (net)	-6.0	42.3	-12.8	9.7	9.7	0.0
Capital account balance	16.6	201.5	208.4	- 72.6	-118.4	- 96.4
Errors and omissions	108.9	153.9	43.3	- 52.7	71.3	- 123.6
Overall balance	125.5	355.4	251.7	- 125.3	-47.1	- 220.0
Change in net reserves (-means increase)	59.2	-47.6	- 165.2	19.9	189.7	-27.2

¹ For explanation of the Ethiopian fiscal year--see Glossary.
² Excludes technical assistance and similar transfers recorded in government budget.
³ Includes medium- and long-term loans.

Source: Based on information from National Bank of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, various publications.

Ethiopia - TABLE OF CONTENTS