Pakistan
Appendix A. Tables
Table 2. Population Growth, Selected Years,
1951-93
Year |
Population1 (in millions) |
Average Annual Growth Rate |
1951 |
33.7 |
n.a.2 |
1961 |
42.9 |
2.3 |
1971 |
65.2 |
3.7 |
1981 |
84.2 |
3.1 |
1987 |
100.7 |
3.1 |
1992 |
118.0 |
3.1 |
1993 |
123.4 |
3.1 |
1 Estimated.
2 n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Planning Commission,
Seventh Five-Year Plan: 1988-93, and Perspective Plan, 1988-
2003, Islamabad, 1988; and World Bank, World Development
Report, 1992, New York, 1992, 268.
Table 3. Gross Domestic Product by Sector,
Selected Fiscal Years, 1982-93
(in percentages at current factor cost)
Sector |
1982 |
1987 |
19921 |
19931 |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing |
31.6 |
26.3 |
25.6 |
25.0 |
Mining and quarrying |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
Manufacturing |
15.1 |
16.7 |
17.5 |
17.3 |
Utilities |
2.2 |
2.3 |
3.3 |
3.7 |
Construction |
4.5 |
4.4 |
4.2 |
4.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
15.1 |
15.7 |
17.0 |
16.1 |
Transportation and communications |
9.4 |
8.7 |
8.4 |
10.3 |
Banking and insurance |
2.5 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
Ownership of dwellings |
4.5 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
Public administration and defense |
7.3 |
9.9 |
8.4 |
7.8 |
Other services |
7.3 |
7.4 |
7.5 |
7.6 |
TOTAL2 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
1 Provisional.
2 Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit,
Country Profile: Pakistan, Afghanistan, 1993-94, London,
1993, 21; and Pakistan, Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan
Statistical Yearbook, 1991, Karachi, 1991, 473-74.
Table 4. Government Budget, Fiscal Years
1990-93
1 (in billions of rupees)2
|
1990 |
1991 |
19923 |
19934 |
Revenues |
Tax revenues |
Income and corporation tax |
14.3 |
19.1 |
25.9 |
31.3 |
Property taxes |
1.4 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
3.9 |
Excise duties |
23.3 |
25.0 |
32.3 |
44.3 |
Sales tax |
15.6 |
16.9 |
21.5 |
26.9 |
Taxes on international trade |
50.7 |
50.5 |
62.5 |
71.4 |
Other |
14.1 |
16.4 |
22.8 |
26.0 |
Total tax revenues |
119.4 |
129.6 |
167.2 |
203.8 |
Nontax revenues |
39.4 |
34.2 |
55.5 |
58.0 |
Total revenues |
158.8 |
163.9 |
222.6 |
261.9 |
(Of which, provincial revenues) |
6.6 |
7.1 |
15.7 |
18.9 |
Expenditures |
Current expenditures |
Defense |
58.7 |
64.6 |
75.8 |
82.2 |
Interest on debt |
46.7 |
50.0 |
63.6 |
75.5 |
Subsidies |
9.0 |
10.7 |
10.1 |
7.3 |
Other |
51.1 |
70.3 |
82.9 |
92.3 |
Total current expenditures |
165.6 |
195.7 |
232.4 |
257.3 |
Development expenditures |
56.1 |
65.3 |
83.2 |
72.3 |
Total expenditures |
221.6 |
261.0 |
315.6 |
329.7 |
Income from autonomous agencies |
6.8 |
7.9 |
14.3 |
3.2 |
Budget deficit |
56.1 |
89.2 |
78.7 |
64.6 |
Deficit financed by |
External (net) |
22.9 |
22.1 |
21.8 |
17.1 |
Domestic nonbank |
29.6 |
23.7 |
-0.6 |
26.2 |
Domestic banks |
3.5 |
43.4 |
57.5 |
21.3 |
1 Includes federal aid provincial governments. Figures
may not add to totals because of rounding.
2 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
3 Provisional.
4 Proposed.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 162-64.
Table 5. Balance of Trade, Selected Fiscal
Years,1980-92
(in billions of rupees)1
Year |
Exports |
Imports |
Balance |
1980 |
23.4 |
46.9 |
-23.5 |
1985 |
38.0 |
89.8 |
-51.8 |
1990 |
106.5 |
148.9 |
-42.4 |
1991 |
138.3 |
171.1 |
-32.8 |
19922 |
171.7 |
229.9 |
-58.2 |
1 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
2 Provisional.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 190.
Table 6. Composition of Imports, Fiscal Years
1989-92
(in millions of rupees)1
Commodity |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
19922 |
Chemical |
13,046 |
15,259 |
15,448 |
21,997 |
Drugs and medicines |
3,318 |
3,723 |
4,408 |
5,184 |
Dyes and colors |
1,419 |
1,868 |
2,136 |
2,945 |
Chemical fertilizers |
3,534 |
4,437 |
5,911 |
6,367 |
Electrical goods |
4,962 |
4,259 |
4,929 |
7,469 |
Nonelectrical machinery |
26,597 |
25,438 |
30,195 |
54,527 |
Transportation equipment |
8,403 |
10,119 |
11,443 |
20,638 |
Paper products |
2,734 |
2,876 |
3,216 |
4,027 |
Iron and steel |
7,131 |
6,993 |
7,100 |
10,236 |
Nonferrous metals |
2,018 |
2,594 |
2,110 |
2,784 |
Oil and oil products |
18,509 |
24,937 |
37,823 |
34,406 |
Edible oils |
8,576 |
8,262 |
9,020 |
10,025 |
Grains, pulses, and flour |
8,598 |
9,241 |
3,855 |
9,979 |
Other |
26,996 |
28,847 |
38,449 |
39,305 |
TOTAL |
135,841 |
148,853 |
176,043 |
229,889 |
1 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
2 Provisional.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991- 92, Islamabad,
1992, 203.
Table 7. Composition of Exports, Fiscal Years
1989-92
(in millions of rupees)1
Commodity |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
19922 |
Fish products |
2,096 |
2,024 |
2,575 |
2,852 |
Rice |
5,967 |
5,144 |
7,848 |
10,340 |
Raw cotton |
18,032 |
9,550 |
9,553 |
12,944 |
Cotton waste |
240 |
597 |
1,255 |
1,482 |
Cotton yarn |
11,645 |
17,917 |
26,675 |
29,170 |
Cotton cloth |
8,947 |
12,000 |
15,199 |
20,372 |
Leather |
4,702 |
6,002 |
6,184 |
5,991 |
Oil and oil products |
352 |
235 |
2,228 |
2,048 |
Synthetic textiles |
2,240 |
4,556 |
7,807 |
10,430 |
Footwear |
365 |
504 |
724 |
997 |
Readymade garments |
9,692 |
14,341 |
18,666 |
25,823 |
Surgical instruments |
1,221 |
1,502 |
1,901 |
2,253 |
Carpets |
4,451 |
4,923 |
5,003 |
5,709 |
Sporting goods |
1,369 |
2,311 |
3,099 |
3,515 |
Other |
18,864 |
24,863 |
30,792 |
37,829 |
TOTAL |
90,183 |
106,469 |
139,509 |
171,755 |
1 For value of the rupee--see Glossary.
2 Provisional.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 194-97.
Table 8. Balance of Payments, Fiscal Years,
1988-92
(in millions of United States dollars at current
prices)
|
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
19921 |
Exports |
4,362 |
4,634 |
4,926 |
5,902 |
6,884 |
Imports |
-6,919 |
- 7,207 |
-7,411 |
-8,385 |
-9,095 |
Invisibles (net) |
875 |
639 |
594 |
312 |
-325 |
Current account balance |
-1,682 |
-1,934 |
-1,891 |
- 2,171 |
-2,536 |
Private capital (net) |
330 |
328 |
473 |
506 |
1,730 |
Public capital (net) |
1,242 |
1,659 |
1,840 |
1,737 |
929 |
Capital account balance |
1,572 |
1,987 |
2,313 |
2,243 |
2,659 |
Errors and omissions (net) |
-30 |
-42 |
-45 |
- 66 |
74 |
Change in reserves (minus sign indicates increase) |
140 |
-11 |
- 377 |
-6 |
-197 |
1 Provisional.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92 Islamabad,
1992, 189.
Table 9. Estimated Labor Force by Sector,
Fiscal Years 1981, 1991, and 1992
(in thousands)
Sector |
1981 |
1991 |
1992 |
Agriculture |
13,010 |
16,260 |
16,670 |
Mining and manufacturing |
3,480 |
4,080 |
4,210 |
Construction |
1,200 |
2,030 |
2,090 |
Electric power and gas |
230 |
190 |
190 |
Transportation and communications |
1,150 |
1,550 |
1,600 |
Trade |
2,840 |
3,790 |
3,900 |
Other services |
2,790 |
3,880 |
4,010 |
Other |
950 |
1,030 |
1,150 |
TOTAL |
25,650 |
32,810 |
33,820 |
Source: Based on information form Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 30.
Table 10. Area of Major Crops, Selected
Fiscal Years, 1961- 92
(in thousands of hectares)
Crop |
1961 |
1981 |
1991 |
19921 |
Wheat |
4,639 |
6,984 |
7,911 |
7,823 |
Rice |
1,181 |
1,933 |
2,113 |
2,097 |
Corn |
480 |
769 |
845 |
847 |
Chickpeas |
1,106 |
843 |
1,092 |
1,021 |
Sugarcane |
388 |
825 |
884 |
880 |
Cotton |
1,293 |
2,108 |
2,662 |
2,836 |
1 Provisional.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 63.
Table 11. Production of Major Crops, Selected
Fiscal Years, 1961-92
(in thousands of tons)
Crop |
1961 |
1981 |
1991 |
19921 |
Wheat |
3,814 |
11,475 |
14,565 |
14,694 |
Rice |
1,030 |
3,123 |
3,261 |
3,243 |
Corn |
439 |
970 |
1,185 |
1,204 |
Chickpeas |
610 |
337 |
531 |
499 |
Sugarcane |
11,641 |
32,359 |
35,989 |
35,658 |
Cotton |
301 |
715 |
1,637 |
2,181 |
1 Provisional.
Source: Based on information from Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 64.
Table 12. Average Growth Rate of Selected
Industrial Products, Fiscal Years 1988-92
(in percentage change from previous year)
Product |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
19921 |
Cotton yarn |
16.83 |
10.64 |
20.28 |
14.22 |
11.30 |
Cotton cloth |
18.30 |
-4.18 |
9.26 |
- 0.65 |
5.60 |
Jute goods |
-1.85 |
-6.82 |
-7.80 |
3.24 |
3.64 |
Vegetable ghee |
14.45 |
28.55 |
7.37 |
3.85 |
10.71 |
Cigarettes |
1.92 |
- 22.43 |
2.26 |
-0.70 |
-4.98 |
Fertilizers |
-2.42 |
2.52 |
3.72 |
-2.70 |
-5.28 |
Cement |
8.67 |
0.75 |
5.09 |
4.63 |
6.90 |
Soda ash |
2.92 |
7.61 |
3.60 |
5.55 |
24.02 |
Caustic soda |
11.66 |
8.48 |
11.28 |
6.08 |
4.33 |
1 Provisional.
Source: Based on information form Pakistan, Ministry of Finance,
Economic Survey Statistical Supplement, 1991-92, Islamabad,
1992, 107.
Table 13. Heads of State and Government,
1947-94
Leader |
Position1 |
Term of Office2 |
Mohammad Ali Jinnah |
Governor General |
August 1947-September 1948 |
Liaquat Ali Khan |
Prime Minister |
August 1947-October 1951 |
Khwaja Nazimuddin |
Governor General |
September 1948-October 1951 |
Ghulam Mohammad |
Governor General |
October 1951-August 1955 |
Khwaja Nazimuddin |
Prime Minister |
October 1951-April 1953 |
Mohammad Ali Bogra |
Prime Minister |
April 1953-August 1955 |
Iskander Mirza |
Governor General/President |
August 1955-October 1958 |
Chaudhuri Mohammad Ali |
Prime Minister |
August 1955-September 1956 |
H.S. Suhrawardy |
Prime Minister |
September 1956-October 1957 |
I.I. Chundrigar |
Prime Minister |
October-December 1957 |
Firoz Khan Noon |
Prime Minister |
December 1957-October 1958 |
Mohammad Ayub Khan |
CMLA/President |
October 1958-March 1969 |
Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan |
CMLA/President |
March 1969-December 1971 |
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto |
CMLA/President/Prime Minister |
December 1971-July 1977 |
Fazal Elahi Chaudhry |
President |
August 1973-September 1978 |
Mohammad Zia ul-Haq |
CMLA/President |
July 1977-August 1988 |
Mohammad Khan Junejo |
Prime Minister |
March 1985-May 1988 |
Ghulam Ishaq Khan |
President |
August 1988-July 1993 |
Benazir Bhutto |
Prime Minister |
December 1988-August 1990 |
Ghulam Mustapha Jatoi |
Prime Minister (caretaker) |
August-November 1990 |
Mian Nawaz Sharif |
Prime Minister |
November 1990-April 1993 |
Balakh Sher Mazari |
Prime Minister (caretaker) |
April-May 1993 |
Mian Nawaz Sharif |
Prime Minister |
May-July 1993 |
Wassim Sajjad |
President (caretaker) |
July-November 1993 |
Moeen Qureshi |
Prime Minister (caretaker) |
July-October 1993 |
Benazir Bhutto |
Prime Minister |
October 1993- |
Farooq Leghari |
President |
November 1993- |
1 CMLA--Chief Martial Law Administrator.
2 When a head of state or government held more than
one position,not all offices were for exactly the same term. Dates
shown are for the longest period a leader was in power. The name
of the head of State was changed from governor general to president
under the 1956 constitution.
Table 14. Order of Battle and Major Equipment
of Ground Forces, 1994
|
|
Organization or Equipment |
Personnel |
520,000 |
|
Military units |
9 |
Corps headquarters |
|
1 |
Area command (division) |
|
2 |
Armored divisions |
|
19 |
Infantry divisions |
|
7 |
Independent armored brigades |
|
9 |
Independent infantry brigades |
|
9 |
Corps artillery brigades (2 more forming) |
|
1 |
Air defense command (3 air defense groups; 8
brigades) |
|
7 |
Engineering brigades |
|
3 |
Armed reconnaissance regiments |
|
1 |
Special forces group (3 battalions) |
|
7 |
Aircraft squadrons |
|
8 |
Helicopter squadrons |
|
1 |
Independent observation flight |
Equipment |
1,950+ |
Tanks |
|
820 |
Armored personnel carriers |
|
1,566 |
Towed artillery |
|
240 |
Self- propelled artillery |
|
45 |
Multiple rocket launchers |
|
725 |
Mortars |
|
18 |
Surface-to- surface missiles |
|
800 |
Antitank guided weapons |
|
850 |
Surface-to- air missiles |
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-
1995, London, 1994, 159-61.
Table 15. Order of Battle and Major Equipment
of Naval Forces, 1994
|
|
Organization or Equipment |
Personnel |
22,0001 |
|
Military units |
4 |
Commands including one fleet headquarters |
Equipment |
6 |
Submarines |
|
3 |
Destroyers |
|
10 |
Frigates |
|
13 |
Patrol and coastal combatant craft |
|
4 |
Inshore craft |
|
3 |
Mine warfare craft |
|
3 |
Support and miscellaneous |
|
4 |
SA-316B (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters |
|
6 |
Sea King Mk 45 (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters |
|
6 |
Lynx HAS MK-3 (antisubmarine warfare) helicopters |
|
4 |
Atlantic aircraft (operated by air force) |
1 Includes Naval Air Arm and Maritime Security Agency.
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-1995,
London, 1994, 159-61.
Table 16. Order of Battle and Major Equipment
of Air Force, 1994
|
|
Organization or Equipment |
Personnel |
45,000 |
|
Military units |
7 |
Fighter/ground attack squadrons |
|
10 |
Fighter squadrons |
|
1 |
Reconnaissance squadron |
|
12 |
Transport squadrons |
|
1 |
Helicopter search-and-rescue squadron |
|
1 |
Helicopter transport squadron |
|
7 |
Air defense surface-to-air batteries |
|
1 |
Antisubmarine warfare/maritime reconnaissance
squadron |
Equipment |
|
|
Fighter/ground attack aircraft |
100 |
J-6/JJ-6 |
|
34 |
F-16 |
|
80 |
J-7 |
|
50 |
Q-5 |
|
30 |
Mirage III-O |
|
15 |
Mirage III-EP |
|
3 |
Mirage III-DP |
|
58 |
Mirage-5 |
Transports |
12 |
C-130 |
|
1 |
L-12 |
|
3 |
Boeing 707 |
|
3 |
Falcon 20 |
|
2 |
F-27-200 |
|
2 |
Beech |
Search and Rescue |
6 |
SA-319 |
Reconnaissance |
12 |
Combat-capable Mirage III RP |
Helicopters (transport) |
12 |
SA-316 |
|
4 |
SA-321 |
|
12 |
SA-315 B Lama |
Training |
12 |
CJ-6 |
|
30 |
JJ-5 |
|
24 |
Mashshaq |
|
6 |
MiG-15UTI |
|
10 |
T-33A |
|
44 |
T-37B/C |
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1994-
1995, London, 1994, 159-61.
|