Appendix A. Tables
When you kow | Multiply by | To find |
Millimeters | 0.04 | inches |
Centimeters | 0.39 | inches |
Meters | 3.3 | feet |
Kilometers | 0.62 | miles |
Hectares | 2.47 | acres |
Square kilometers | 0.39 | square miles |
Cubic meters | 35.3 | cubic feet |
Liters | 0.26 | gallons |
Kilograms | 2.2 | pounds |
Metric tons | 0.98 | long tons |
| 1.1 | short
tons |
| 2,204 | pounds |
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) | 1.8 and
add 32 | degrees Fahrenheit |
Census Year | Population | Years
Covered | Average Annual Growth Rate (in
percentage) |
1911 | 336,742 | n.a. | n.a. |
1920 | 446,098 | 1911-20 | 3.17 |
1930 | 467,459 | 1920-30 | 0.47 |
1940 | 622,576 | 1930-40 | 2.76 |
1950 | 805,285 | 1940-50 | 2.56 |
1960 | 1,075,541 | 1950-60 | 2.94 |
1970 | 1,428,082 | 1960-70 | 3.06 |
1980 | 1,831,399 | 1970-80 | 2.52
|
n.a.--not applicable.
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 38-39.
Province | Annual Growth Rate (in
percentage) |
Bocas del Toro | 3.07 |
Coclé | 1.78 |
Colón | 2.11 |
Chiriquí | 2.37 |
Darién | 2.17 |
Herrera | 1.74 |
Los Santos | 0.48 |
Panamß | 3.49 |
Veraguas | 1.63
|
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Estadística Panameña, No. 970, Panama City,
March 1985, 6-7.
Province or Territory | Total | Indigenous
Population | Percent Indigenous |
Bocas del Toro . | 53,487 | 17,468 | 33.00 |
Chiriquí | 287,350 | 30,862 | 11.00 |
Comarca de San Blas . | 28,621 | 27,588 | 96.00 |
Darién | 26,524 | 8,924 | 34.00 |
Panamß | 831,048 | 2,294 | 0.30 |
Veraguas | 173,245 | 5,955 | 3.00 |
PANAMA2 | 1,831,399 | 93,091 | 5.00
|
1 Provinces of Colón, Coclé, Los Santos, and Herrera do not contain
significant numbers of Indians, and statistics were not available
for those provinces.
2 Total is for all nine provinces and the Comarca de San Blas.
Source:Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 48-49.
| 1970 | 1980 |
Male | 101,931 | 84,515 |
Female | 101,351 | 89,610 |
TOTAL | 203,282 | 174,125 |
Percentage of Total Population | 21 |
13
|
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 252.
| 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1975 |
1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
Preprimary | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 18,677 | 18,136 | 22,616 | 24,656 | 25,8
43 | 25,843 |
Primary. | 110,059 | 161,800 | 255,287 | 325,394 | 373,823 | 337,522 | 335,239 |
336,740 | 335,950 |
Secondary1 | 17,519 | 38,964 | 78,466 | 125,745 | 137,816 | 171,273 | 174,078 |
174,791 | 176,916 |
Postsecondary | 1,519 | 4,030 | 8,159 | 22,581 | 38,865 | 41,311 | 43,964 | 47,592 |
47,131 |
Other2 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 13,085 | 14,458 | 9,905 | 12,611 | 8,653 |
TOTAL | 129,097 | 204,794 | 341,912 | 473,720 | 582,266 | 582,700 | 585,802 |
596,390 | 594,493
|
n.a.--not available.
1 Includes both technical and academic programs.
2 Includes special education and vocational courses of less than
three years.
Sources:Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1973-1977, Panama City,
November 1978, 176-80; and Panama, Directorate of Statistics and
Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 261-62.
Table 7. Education Budgets, 1979-84
| Ministry of Education | | University
of
Panama |
| Amount of Total
Budget* | Percentage | Amount
of Total Budget* | Percentage |
1979 | 85,037 | 18.4 | 16,681 | 3.6 |
1980 | 110,913 | 15.3 | 17,332 | 2.4 |
1981 | 120,153 | 15.2 | 21,455 | 2.7 |
1982 | 133,862 | 12.1 | 22,801 | 2.1 |
1983 | 145,927 | 12.7 | 26,665 | 2.3 |
1984 | 217,840 | 18.3 | 32,294 | 2.7
|
*In thousands of balboas; for value of the balboa--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 266.
(in thousands of balboas)*
| 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 |
1983 |
Primary | 63,441 | 74,254 | 70,760 | 68,502 | 74,605 |
Secondary | 32,177 | 33,644 | 37,441 | 47,161 | 48,525 |
University | 19,769 | 24,316 | 31,897 | 41,105 | 43,442 |
Adult education | 866 | 126 | 1,523 | 1,161 | 845 |
Other | 39,394 | 49,773 | 53,412 | 56,238 | 61,708 |
TOTAL | 155,647 | 182,113 | 195,033 | 214,167 | 229,125
|
*For value of the balboa--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 268.
Year | Primary | Secondary | Postsecond
ary |
1950 |
Schools | 950 | 78 | 1 |
Classrooms | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Teachers | 3,415 | 959 | n.a. |
1960 |
Schools | 1,298 | 127 | 2 |
Classrooms | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Teachers | 5,309 | 1,704 | 191 |
1970 |
Schools | 1,784 | 192 | 2 |
Classrooms | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Teachers | 1,784 | 3,784 | 448 |
1975 |
Schools | 2,171 | 209 | 2 |
Classrooms | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Teachers | 10,685 | 5,670 | 869 |
1980 |
Schools | 2,306 | 301 | 2 |
Classrooms | 11,280 | 3,763 | 318 |
Teachers | 12,361 | 8,138 | 1,310 |
1981 |
Schools | 2,316 | 307 | 2 |
Classrooms | 11,508 | 3,947 | 370 |
Year | Primary | Secondary | Postsecondary |
Teachers | 12,393 | 8,610 | 1,586 |
1982 |
Schools | 2,347 | 313 | 3 |
Classrooms | 11,726 | 3,973 | 451 |
Teachers | 12,853 | 8,928 | 1,705 |
1983 |
Schools | 2,376 | 321 | 3 |
Classrooms | 11,289 | 4,011 | 506 |
Teachers | 12,613 | 9,249 | 1,766
|
n.a.--not available
Sources: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of
Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1973-1977,
Panama City, November 1978, 176-80; and Panama, Directorate of
Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983,
Panama City, November 1984, 256-59.
| 1965 | 1985 |
Male | 62 | 69 |
Female | 64 | 73
|
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 76; and World Bank, World Development Report
1986, New York, 1986, 233.
| Hospitals | Medical Centers | Local
Clinics |
Cities |
Panama City | 12 | 20 | n.a. |
Colón | 2 | 5 | n.a. |
Provinces |
Bocas del Toro | 3 | 4 | 56 |
Chiriquí | 6 | 31 | 98 |
Coclé | 3 | 17 | 46 |
Colón | 3 | 17 | 47 |
Darién | 3 | 5 | 32 |
Herrera | 5 | 11 | 23 |
Los Santos | 4 | 11 | 14 |
Panamß | 16 | 53 | 63 |
Veraguas | 3 | 17 | 51 |
Indigenous Territory |
Comarca de San Blas | 4 | 4 | 13
|
n.a.--not available
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census. Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 221.
| Hospital
Beds | Doctors | Nurses |
Cities |
Panama City | 91 | 21.8 | 28.1 |
Colón | 48 | 12.5 | 15.4 |
Provinces |
Bocas del Toro | 31 | 4.1 | 6.5 |
Chiriquí | 25 | 6.1 | 5.9 |
Coclé | 24 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
Colón | 24 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
Darién | 25 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Herrera | 42 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Los Santos | 67 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
Panamß | 45 | 13.9 | 14.4 |
Veraguas | 17 | 2.6 | 3.2 |
Indigenous Territory |
Comarca de San
Blas | 22 | 2.3 | 1.1 |
PANAMA | 36 | 9.0 | 9.4
|
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 223-26.
per 1,000 Inhabitants
| 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 |
1983 |
Live Births |
Urban | 26.1 | 25.5 | 25.1 | 25.9 | 25.7 |
Rural | 30.2 | 28.9 | 28.9 | 27.4 | 26.6 |
Panama | 28.2 | 27.2 | 27.0 | 26.7 | 26.2 |
Mortality |
All deaths |
Urban | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.4 |
Rural | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
Panama | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 |
Infant* |
Urban | 21.5 | 19.4 | 19.7 | 17.1 | 18.8 |
Rural | 27.7 | 23.9 | 24.7 | 22.6 | 22.1 |
Panama | 24.6 | 21.7 | 22.2 | 19.9 | 20.5 |
Maternal |
Urban | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Rural | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
Panama | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6
|
* Aged less than one year.
Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics
and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City,
November 1984, 61.
(in millions of balboas)
| 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 |
19852 |
Consolidated public sector |
Revenues | 1,169.0 | 1,264.5 | 1,385.5 | 1,424.6 | 1,531.8 |
Expenditures | 1,383.7 | 1,726.5 | 1,650.2 | 1,699.0 | 1,654.8 |
Balance | -214.7 | -462.0 | -264.7 | -274.4 | -123.0 |
Unconsolidated public-sector |
balance3 | 6.6 | -2.0 | 17.4 | 8.0 | 12.0 |
Total public-sector borrowing requirement | 208.1 | 464.0 | 247.3 | 266.4 | 121.0 |
As percentage of GDP4 | 5.4 | 10.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 2.5
|
1 For value of the balboa--see Glossary.
2 Estimate.
3 To which no transfers are made.
4 GDP--gross domestic product--see Glossary.
Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General
de la República de Panamß, 1987.
(in percentage)
Sector | 1965 | 1973 | 1980 | 198
5 |
Agriculture | 46.3 | 38.6 | 31.8 | 26.5 |
Industry | 15.8 | 17.8 | 18.1 | 16.1 |
Services | 37.9 | 43.6 | 50.1 | 57.4 |
TOTAL | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0
|
Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General
de la República de Panamß, 1987.
(in millions of United States dollars at current
prices)
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
1984 | 19851 |
Exports |
Bananas | 61.6 | 69.2 | 66.0 | 75.0 | 74.7 | 78.1 |
Petroleum | 233.3 | 209.1 | 166.6 | 131.2 | 134.4 | 100.6 |
Shrimp | 43.7 |
42.7 | 52.9 | 51.4 | 46.7 | 53.4 |
Sugar | 65.8 | 52.6 | 23.7 | 41.3 | 42.6 | 33.3 |
Manufactures. | 31.5 | 31.4 | 38.7 | 29.3 | 34.5 | 45.0 |
Other | 90.2 | 88.9 | 140.9 | 109.9 | 94.0 | 104.1 |
Total exports f.o.b.2 | 526.1 | 493.9 | 488.8 | 438.1 | 426.9 | 414.5 |
Imports |
Food | 123.0 | 115.4 | 124.1 | 130.0 | 127.8 | 142.6 |
POL3 and other energy sources | 424.4 | 426.1 | 408.6 | 384.0 | 350.2 | 271.8 |
Other consumer goods | 162.5 | 195.0 | 203.2 | 196.5 | 206.9 | 197.8 |
Other intermediate goods | 373.4 | 413.6 | 404.5 | 360.6 | 392.8 | 439.7 |
Capital goods | 258.7 | 319.8 | 355.6 | 280.8 | 264.4 | 288.2 |
Total imports c.i.f. | 1,342.0 | 1,469.9 | 1,496.0 | 1,351.9 | 1,342.1 | 1,340.1
|
1 Preliminary.
2 f.o.b--free on board.
3 POL--Petroleum, oil and lubricants.
4 c.i.f--Cost, insurance and freight.
Source: Based on unpublished data provided by the Controloría
General de la República de Panamß, 1987.
(in millions of United States dollars at current
prices)
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
1984 | 1985* |
Exports of goods and non-factor services(NFS) and
NFS | 1,644.6 | 1,734.3 |
1,769.3 | 1,774.4 |
1,742.4 | 1,819.6 |
Imports of goods | -1,697.6 |
-1,854.6 | -1,870.5 |
-1,697.0 | -1,679.7 |
- 1,705.3 |
Resource balance | -53.0 | -120.3 | -101.2 | 77.4 | 62.7 | 114.3 |
Net factor income | -283.0 | -271.2 | -349.8 | -324.2 | -375.8 | -370.2 |
Net current transfers | 14.4 | 31.2 | 45.6 | 44.3 | 89.6 | 83.3 |
CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE | -321.6 | -360.3 | -405.4 | -202.5 | -223.5 | -
172.6 |
Capital |
Long-term capital inflow | 131.6 | 402.0 | 492.1 | 386.0 | 250.4 | 130.6 |
Total other items (net). | 186.1 | -5.1 | -85.4 | -95.4 | 1.7 | -24.9 |
Net short-term capital | -90.4 | 37.7 | -125.8 | -177.5 | -80.3 | -229.1 |
CAPITAL ACCOUNT BALANCE | 227.3 | 434.6 | 280.9 | 113.1 | 171.8 | -123.4 |
Net errors and omissions | -276.5 | 42.8 | -40.4 | -82.1 | -67.6 | -136.4 |
Change in net reserves | 3.9 | -36.6 | -1.3 | -88.1 | -14.2 | 134.7
|
*Preliminary.
Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General
de la República de Panamß, 1987.
(in millions of United States dollars at current
prices)
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
1984 | 19851 |
Public and publicly guaranteed external debt | 2,283.4 |
2,441.3 | 2,926.7 | 3,146.5 | 3,229.7 | 3,275.6 |
Official creditors | 581.2 | 682.2 | 830.5 | 1,006.0 | 1,078.9 | 1,144.3 |
Multilateral | 327.5 | 358.8 | 432.3 | 558.3 | 660.4 | 741.0 |
Bilateral | 253.7 | 323.4 | 398.2 | 447.7 | 418.5 | 403.3 |
Private creditors | 1,702.2 | 1,759.1 | 2,096.2 | 2,140.5 | 2,150.8 | 2,131.3 |
Suppliers | 35.7 | 29.2 | 29.1 | 27.1 | 50.1 | 42.5 |
Financial markets | 1,666.5 | 1,729.9 | 2,067.1 | 2,113.4 | 2,100.7 | 2,088.8 |
IMF credit2 | 23.1 | 93.6 | 84.0 | 192.8 | 271.1 | 311.2 |
TOTAL EXTERNAL DEBT. | 2,306.5 | 2,534.9 | 3,010.7 | 3,339.3 |
3,500.8 | 3,586.8 |
Percentage of total long-term debt on concessional
terms | 12.2 |
12.8 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 12.1 |
(with variable interest rates) | 52.2 | 51.1 | 55.9 | 57.0 | 57.7 | 59.5
|
1 Estimate.
2 IMF--International Monetary Fund.
Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General
de la República de Panamß, 1987.
(in thousands of United States
dollars)
Fiscal Year | FMS Deliveries 1 | Commercial
Arms Sales | MAP 2 | IMETP 3 |
1980 | 187 | 29,241 | 3 | 270 |
1981 | 154 | 752 | n.a. | 328 |
1982 | 360 | 1,000 | 1 | 359 |
1983 | 481 | 1,504 | n.a. | 466 |
1984 | 546 | 1,800 | n.a. | 453 |
1985 | 2,124 | 594 | n.a. | 575 |
1986 | 12,488 | 560 | n.a. | 507
|
n.a.--not available.
1 FMS--Foreign Military Sales.
2 MAP--Military Assistance Program.
3 IMETP--International Military Education and Training Program.
Source: Based on information from United States, Department of
Defense, Security Assistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales,
Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance
Facts, Washington, 1986.
|