Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors


When you kow	Multiply by	To find
Millimeters	0.04	inches
Centimeters	0.39	inches
Meters	3.3	feet
Kilometers	0.62	miles
Hectares	2.47	acres
Square kilometers	0.39	square miles
Cubic meters	35.3	cubic feet
Liters	0.26	gallons
Kilograms	2.2	pounds
Metric tons	0.98	long tons
	1.1	short tons
	2,204	pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)	1.8 and add 32	degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population, Selected Years, 1801- 19921

**(in thousands)**
Year	Population	Year	Population
1801	3,115	1950	8,510
1864	4,287	1960	8,889
1878	4,669	1970	8,663
1900	5,447	1981	9,776
1920	6,080	19892	10,337
1930	6,802	19922	10,448
1940	7,755

1 Includes the population of the Azores and Madeira.
2 Estimate.

Table 3. Estimated Population by District and Autonomous Region, December 1989

**(in thousands)**
Administrative Division	Population
Districts
Aveiro	674.4
Beja	173.2
Braga	784.8
Bragança	182.8
Castelo Branco	218.7
Coimbra	446.7
Évora	171.5
Faro	344.9
Guarda	191.8
Leiria	436.5
Lisbon	2,130.6
Portalegre	134.9
Porto	1,695.1
Santarém	459.0
Setúbal	817.9
Viana do Castelo	266.9
Vila Real	259.8
Viseu	419.4
Autonomous regions
Azores	253.1
Madeira	275.0
TOTAL	10,337.0

Source: Based on information from Portugal, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Estatísticas Demográficas: Continente, Açores, e Madeira, 1989, Lisbon, 1990, 34.

Table 4. Selected Economic Indicators, 1960-73 and 1981-90

**(in average annual percentage changes)**
	1960-73	1981-90
Gross domestic product (GDP)	6.9	2.7
Industrial production	9.0	4.8
Private consumption	6.5	2.7
Employment	-0.5	1.4
Labor productivity*	7.4	1.3
Investment productivity	28.6	10.1
Inflation	4.0	17.9

*GDP growth rate/employment growth.

Source: Based on information from European Community, Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Economy, No. 46, Brussels, December 1990, 126, Table 1; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Surveys: Portugal, 1991-1992, Statistical Annex, Paris, 1992, 112.

Table 5. Government Transactions, 1973, 1984, and 1990

**(as a percentage of GDP)1**
	1973	1984	1990
Current account
Revenues
Direct taxes and social insurance contributions	10.3	17.7	20.0
Indirect taxes	10.8	15.2	15.2
Other	1.6	1.7	4.0
Total revenues	22.7	34.6	39.2
Expenditures
Goods and services	13.2	14.4	16.2
Subsidies	1.0	7.6	1.5
Current transfers	4.8	13.6	13.4
Interest paid	0.4	7.1	8.2
Other	0.1	---	0.9
Total expenditures	19.5	42.7	40.2
Capital account
Revenues	n.a.	0.3	1.3
Expenditures
Investment	2.3	2.6	3.7
Capital transfers	0.9	1.6	2.0
Total expenditures	3.2	4.2	5.7
Overall balance2	n.a.	-12.0	-5.4
Lending capacity (+) or borrowing requirement (-)	1.4	-13.4	-6.3

--- means negligible.
n.a.--not available.
1 GDP--gross domestic product.
2 Includes financial transactions and other adjustments.

Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development, Economic Survey: Portugal, 1981, Paris, 1981, 23, Table 11; Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development, Economic Survey: Portugal, 1988- 89, Paris, 1989, 44, Table 15; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Survey: Portugal, 1991- 1992, Paris, 1992, 55, Table 13.

Table 6. Composition of Labor Force by Sector, 1960, 1973, and 1990

Sector	1960		1973		1990
	Thousands	Percentage	Thousands	Percentage	Thousands	Percentage
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing	1,363	43.6	812	27.8	847	17.8
Industry, including construction	897	28.7	1,042	35.6	1,655	34.8
Services	866	27.7	1,072	36.6	2,254	47.4
TOTAL*	3,126	100.0	2,925	100.0	4,756	100.0

* Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Portugal, Secretaria-General da Assembleia Nacional, III Plano de Fomento para 1968-1973, Lisbon, 1967, 321; Portugal, Presidencia do Conselho, IV Plano de Fomento, 1974-1979, I, Lisbon, 1973, 75-76, Tables VII and XV; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Outlook: Historical Statistics, 1960-1990, Paris, 1992, 40-41.

Table 7. Grain Crop Yields of Selected European Countries, 1990

**(in kilograms per hectare)**
Crop	Portugal	Greece	Spain	West Germany	France
Cereals	1,731	2,769	2,488	5,790	6,205
Wheat	1,502	1,758	2,373	6,615	6,487
Rice	4,598	6,250	6,397	0	5,737
Barley	1,171	1,739	2,160	5,432	6,499
Corn	2,462	8,763	6,399	6,789	5,808

Source: Based on information from Food and Agriculture Organization, Yearbook: Production, 1990, 44, Rome, 1991, 67-80, Tables 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20.

Table 8. Collective Production Units by District, 1979

Districts	Number of Units	Total Area of Units*	Average Area per Unit*
Évora	165	392,000	2,376
Beja	80	284,258	3,553
Setúbal	78	92,000	1,179
Portalegre	61	257,000	4,213
Santarém	51	43,957	862
Lisbon,Castelo Branco, and Faro	14	11,062	790
PORTUGAL	449	1,080,277	2,406

* In hectares.

Source: Based on information from International Labour Organisation, Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal, Geneva, 1979, 142, Table 71.

Table 9. Foreign Trade by Country, 1985 and 1990

**(in percentages)**
Country	1985	1990
Exports, f.o.b.1
European Community
Britain	14.6	12.1
West Germany	13.7	16.7
France	12.7	15.5
Spain	4.1	13.3
Italy	3.9	4.0
Other	13.5	12.1
Total European Community2	62.5	73.7
United States	9.2	4.8
Previous Escudo Area3	3.9	3.4
OPEC4	2.5	0.6
Other	21.9	17.5
Total exports	100.0	100.0
Imports, c.i.f.5
European Community
West Germany	11.5	14.3
France	8.0	11.5
Britain	7.5	7.5
Spain	7.4	14.4
Italy	5.2	10.0
Other	6.3	11.4
Total European Community	45.9	69.1
United States	9.7	3.9
Previous Escudo Area	1.2	0.4
OPEC	17.3	6.8
Other	25.9	19.8
Total imports	100.0	100.0

1 f.o.b.--free on board.
2 Including figures for Spain, not yet a member.
3 Former Portuguese colonies in Africa.
4 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
5 c.i.f.--cost, insurance, and freight.

Source: Based on information from Bank of Portugal, Report of the Directors and Economic and Financial Survey for the Year 1990, Statistical Appendix, Lisbon, 1991, Tables 2.2.1 and 2.2.2.

Table 10. External Public Debt and Debt- Service Indicators, Selected Years, 1980-90

	1980	1982	1985	1987	1990
External debt (in millions of United States dollars)	8,978	13,464	16,682	18,464	18,434
External debt as a percentage of reserves1	56.3	110.5	167.2	116.6	72.2
External debt as a percentage of GDP2	36.3	58.8	80.4	50.3	28.9
Debt service (interest and amortization) as a percentage of current account credits	15.2	27.0	37.0	30.6	16.7
Interest payments as a percentage of GDP	3.0	5.6	6.5	3.3	2.93

1 Reserves consist of gross foreign assets of the Bank of Portugal and the Treasury, with gold valued at market prices.
2 GDP--gross domestic product.
3 1989.

Source: Based on information from Bank of Portugal, Annual Report, Lisbon, various years.

Table 11. Parliamentary Election Results, 1975-91

	1975		1976		1979		1980
Party	Seats	Percentage of Votes	Seats	Percentage of Votes	Seats	Percentage of Votes	Seats	Percentage of Votes
PS1	115	37.9	107	35.0	74	27.4	74	27.8
PSD2	80	26.4	73	24.0	128	45.2	134	47.5
CDS3	16	7.6	42	15.9	--- 4	---4	---4	---4
PCP5	30	12.5	40	14.6	47	18.8	41	16.9
PRD6	---7	--- 7	---7	---7	---7	---7	--- 7	---7
	1983		1985		1987		1991
Party	Seats	Percentage of Votes	Seats	Percentage of Votes	Seats	Percentage of Votes	Seats	Percentage of Votes
PS	101	36.3	57	20.8	60	22.3	72	29.3
PSD	75	27.0	88	29.9	148	50.2	135	50.4
CDS	30	12.4	22	10.0	4	4.4	5	4.4
PCP	44	18.2	38	15.5	31	12.2	17	8.8
PRD	---7	--- 7	45	17.9	7	4.9	0	0.6

1 Partido Socialista (Socialist Party). The PS was in an electoral coalition, the Republican and Socialist Front (Frente Repúblicana e Socialista--FRS), with several smaller parties for the 1980 election.
2 Partido Social Democrata (Social Democrat Party).
3 Partido do Centro Democrático Social (Party of the Social Democratic Center).
4 The PSD, the CDS, and two smaller parties formed an electoral coalition, the Democratic Alliance (Aliança Democrática--AD), for the 1979 and 1980 elections.
5 Partido Comunista Português (Portuguese Communist Party). The PCP formed electoral coalitions with other leftist groups for parliamentary elections beginning in 1979: the United People's Alliance (Aliança Povo Unido--APU) for the 1980, 1983, and 1985 elections; and the Democratic Unitary Coalition (Coligaçþo Democrático Unitário--CDU) for the 1987 and 1991 elections.
6 Partido Renovador Democrático (Party of Democratic Renovation).
7 The PRD was not established until 1985.

Table 12. Major Army Equipment, 1992

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Tanks
M-47	United States	60
M-48A5	-do-	86
Armored vehicles
M-113 personnel carriers	-do-	172
Chaimite V-200	Portugal	81
Saladin reconnaissance vehicles	Britain	29
Ferret Mk 4 scout cars	-do-	32
AML 60 armored cars	France	55
Self-propelled artillery
155mm M-109A2 howitzers	United States	6
Towed artillery
105mm M-101	-do-	54
105mm M-56 pack	-do-	24
5.5-inch medium guns (140mm)	Britain	24
155mm M-114 howitzers	United States	40
Coastal artillery
150mm, 152mm, and 234mm	Britain and other	27
Mortars
107mm M-30	United States	55
120mm	Finland	100
Antitank weapons
90mm and 106mm recoilless rifles	United States	240
TOW missiles	-do-	46
SS-11 wire-guided missiles	France	31
Milan wire-guided missiles	-do-	45
Air defense weapons
20mm M-163A1 Vulcan self-propelled	United States	34
20mm Rh-202	Germany	30
40mm L-60 Bofors	Sweden	322
Blowpipe surface-to-air missiles	Britain	12
Chaparral surface-to-air missiles	United States	n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 1992, London, 1991, 70; and Jane's NATO Handbook, 1990- 91, Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom, 1990, 461.

Table 13. Major Naval Equipment, 1992

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Frigates
Vasco da Gama class (MEKO-200)	Germany	3
Joþo Belo class	France	4
Baptista de Andrade class	Spain	4
Joþo Continho class	Germany and Spain	6
Submarines
Albacora (Daphné) class	France	3
Coastal patrol vessels
Sþo Roque class (converted minesweepers)	Portugal	4
Cacine class (large)	-do-	10
Dom Aleixo class	-do-	2
Albatroz class	-do-	6
Amphibious vessels
Bombarda class LCT (landing craft, tank)	-do-	3
LDM-400 class LCM (landing craft, mechanized)	-do-	6
LDM-100 class LCM	-do-	3

Source: Based on information from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1990- 91, London, 1990, 460-64.

Table 14. Major Air Force Equipment, 1992

Type and Description	Country of Origin	In Inventory
Fighter-ground attack
A-7P Corsair (including six training versions)	United States	38
Alpha Jet	France and Germany	10
Fiat G-91	Italy	29
Maritime reconnaissance
P-3P Orion	United States	6
Transport
C-130H Hercules	-do-	5
CASA C-212 Aviocar	Spain	26
Falcon 20	France	3
Falcon 50	-do-	3
Liaison
Reims-Cessna FTB-337G	-do-	30
Training
Epsilon TB-30	-do-	18
Cessna T-37C	United States	3
Lockheed T-33A	-do-	7
Northrop T-38 Talon	-do-	12
RF-10 Aérospatiale	France	3
Helicopters
SA-330 Puma	-do-	10
SA-316 Alouette III	-do-	35

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 92, London, 1991, 56.

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