Appendix

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coefficients and Factors

Table 2. Rulers of Muscovy and the Russian Empire, 1462-1917

Source: Based on information from Marc Raeff, "History of Russia/Union of Soviet Socialist Republics," Academic American Encyclopedia, 16, Danbury, Connecticut, 1986, 358.

Table 3. Populated Places in European Russia Irradiated by Chernobyl' and Other Industrial Accidents

Source: Based on information from Russia, Committee on Land Resources and Utilization, Zemlya Rossii 1995: Problemy, tsifry, kommentarii, Moscow, 1996, 35-36.

Table 4. Area, Population, and Capitals of the Soviet Republics, 1989 Census

Source: Based on information from Izvestiya [Moscow], April 29, 1989, 1-2.

Table 5. Largest Nature Reserves and National Parks, 1992

Source: Based on information from Novaya Rossiya `94: Informatsionno-statisticheskiy al'manakh, Moscow, 1994, 95-96.

Table 6. Per Capita Annual Consumption of Selected Foods, 1991-94 (in kilograms unless otherwise specified)

Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: The Russian Federation 1995, Paris, 1995, 124.

Table 7. Population by Age and Sex, 1992

Source: Based on information from United Nations, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Demographic Yearbook, 1993, New York, 1995, 214-15.

Table 8. Major Ethnic Groups, Selected Years, 1959-89 (in thousands of people)

Source: Based on information from Novaya Rossiya `94: Informatsionno-statisticheskiy al'manakh, Moscow, 1994, 110.

Table 9. Ethnic Composition of Autonomous Republics, 1989 (in percentages)

Table 10. Ethnically Designated Jurisdictions, 1996

Source: Based on information from Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 1997, London, 1996, 666-76, 691-94.

Table 11. Indicators of Living Standards, 1991-94

Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: The Russian Federation 1995, Paris, 1995, 123.

Table 12. Students in Primary and Secondary Schools, Selected Years, 1986-93 (in millions of students)

Source: Based on information from Novaya Rossiya `94: Informatsionno-statisticheskiy al'manakh, Moscow, 1994, 557.

Table 13. Education Statistics for the Autonomous Republics, 1994

Source: Based on information from Russian Business Agency et al., Russia 1994-95: Business, Social, Economic Analytic Profile, 2 and 3, Moscow, 1994.

Table 14. Incidence of Selected Diseases, 1990-94 (rate per 1,000 persons)

Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Economic Surveys: The Russian Federation 1995, Paris, 1995, 129.

Table 15. Land Utilization, 1993 and 1994 (in millions of hectares)

Source: Based on information from Russia, Committee on Land Resources and Utilization, Zemlya Rossii: Problemy, tsifry, kommentarii, 1995, Moscow, 1996, 5.

Table 16. Revenue Sources of Subnational Jurisdictions, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in millions of United States dollars)

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Russian Federation: Toward Medium-Term Viability, Washington, 1996, 44.

Table 17. Labor Force Employment Indicators, 1995 and 1996 (in percentage of workforce unless otherwise indicated)

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Russia, 2d Quarter 1996, London, 1996, 27.

Table 18. Production Trends in Selected Branches of Heavy Industry, 1992-96 (January 1990=100)

Source: Based on information from Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Central Eurasia Economic Review, September 3, 1996, 50.

Table 19. Modes of Public Transportation, Selected Years, 1985-92 (in millions of passengers)

Source: Based on information from Novaya Rossiya `94: Informatsionno-statisticheskiy al'manakh, Moscow, 1994, 481.

Table 20. Modes of Transportation of Selected Products, Selected Years, 1985-92 (in millions of tons)

Source: Based on information from Novaya Rossiya `94: Informatsionno-statisticheskiy al'manakh, Moscow, 1994, 479.

Table 21. Major Import Partners, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in millions of United States dollars)

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Russia, 2d Quarter 1996, London, 1996, 35.

Table 22. Major Export Partners, 1992, 1993, and 1994 (in millions of United States dollars)

Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Russia, 2d Quarter 1996, London, 1996, 35.

Table 23. Trade with the United States by Selected Products, 1995 and 1996 (in thousands of United States dollars)

Source: Based on official statistics of the United States Department of Commerce.

Table 24. Presidential Election Second-Round Results by Autonomous Republic, 1996

Source: Based on information from Rossiyskaya gazeta [Moscow], July 16, 1996, translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Central Eurasia, July 31, 1996, 1-3.

Table 25. Funding of Government Functions by Jurisdiction, 1994

Source: Based on information from World Bank, Russian Federation: Toward Medium-Term Viability, Washington, 1996, 40-41.

Table 26. Political Parties and Groups Receiving Highest Vote Count in State Duma Elections, 1995

Source: Based on information from Rossiyskaya gazeta [Moscow], January 24, 1996, translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Central Eurasia: Russia, Results of December 1995 State Duma Elections, April 24, 1996 , 20-21.

Table 27. Major Periodicals, 1995-96

Source: Based on information from Richard F. Staar, The New Military in Russia: Ten Myths That Shape the Image, Annapolis, 1996, 229-32; and Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Central Russia, Pre-Election Survey of Major Russian Media, December 5, 1995, 9-19.

Table 28. Main Directorates of the Armed Forces General Staff, 1994

Source: Based on information from Joint Publications Research Service, JPRS Report: Central Eurasia Military Affairs: Directory of Military Organizations and Personnel, Washington, 1994, 32-53.

Table 29. Strategic Nuclear Forces, 1995

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1995-1996, London, 1995, 113-14.

1. Includes results of 1986 accident at Chernobyl' Nuclear Power Station in Ukraine and three nuclear accidents at Mayak nuclear weapons plant in Chelyabinsk.

2. In curies per square kilometer.

3. Bryansk Oblast also has ninety-three populated places with more than fifteen curies per square kilometer.

4. Estimated.

5. Estimated. Each republic's capital is also the largest city in the republic.

6. Includes the area of the White Sea and the Sea of Azov.

7. Soviet citizens outside the Soviet Union are included.

8. In thousands of hectares.

9. n.a.--not available.

10. Category based on about thirty nationalities.

11. --indicates no other major group present.

12. Republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia were united until 1992.

13. Category includes about thirty nationalities.

14. In square kilometers.

15. 1995 estimates for all republics except Karachayevo-Cherkessia (1990) and Buryatia, Karelia, Komi, and Sakha (1994); 1990 estimates for autonomous oblast and all autonomous regions.

16. n.a.--not available.

17. Combined figures for Chechnya and Ingushetia.

18. Exchange rate used in calculations: 1992, 222 rubles per US$1; 1993, 933 rubles per US$1; 1994, 3,000 rubles per US$1.

19. n.a.--not available.

20. Figures do not add to totals because of "n.a." figures.

21. As estimated by United Nations International Labour Organisation.

22. n.a.--not available.

23. n.a.--not available.

24. n.a.--not available.

25. n.a.--not available.

26. n.a.--not available.

27. -- no jurisdictional responsibility.

28. Towns and villages are responsible for paramedical personnel.

29. KPRF--Kommunisticheskaya partiya Rossiyskoy Federatisii.

30. LDPR--Liberal'no-demokraticheskaya partiya Rossii.

31. NDR--Nash dom Rossiya.

32. KRO--Kongress russkikh obshchin.

33. DVR-OD--Demokraticheskiy vybor Rossii-Ob"yedinennoye dvizheniye.

34. RPRF--Respublikanskaya partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii.

35. GRU--Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye.

36. MIRV--multiple-warhead independently targeted reentry vehicle.

Russia - TABLE OF CONTENTS