Appendix A. Tables
Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and
Factors
When you kow |
Multiply by |
To find |
Millimeters |
0.04 |
inches |
Centimeters |
0.39 |
inches |
Meters |
3.3 |
feet |
Kilometers |
0.62 |
miles |
Hectares |
2.47 |
acres |
Square kilometers |
0.39 |
square miles |
Cubic meters |
35.3 |
cubic feet |
Liters |
0.26 |
gallons |
Kilograms |
2.2 |
pounds |
Metric tons |
0.98 |
long tons |
|
1.1 |
short tons |
|
2,204 |
pounds |
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) |
1.8 and add 32 |
degrees Fahrenheit |
Table 2. Students, Teachers, and Institutions
by Level of Education, 1990-911
Level of Education |
Males |
Females |
Total |
Students2 |
Primary |
919,949 |
768,934 |
1,688,883 |
Intermediate |
279,770 |
216,594 |
496,364 |
Secondary |
127,042 |
114,231 |
241,273 |
Higher |
University colleges3 |
73,166 |
37,562 |
110,728 |
Girls' colleges |
0 |
19,570 |
19,570 |
Total higher |
73,166 |
57,132 |
130,298 |
Total students |
1,399,927 |
1,156,891 |
2,556,818 |
Teachers |
Primary |
55,381 |
45,321 |
100,702 |
Intermediate |
20,559 |
15,159 |
35,718 |
Secondary |
8,195 |
8,058 |
16,253 |
Higher |
University colleges3 |
7,251 |
1,407 |
8,658 |
Girls' colleges |
135 |
979 |
1,114 |
Total higher |
7,386 |
2,386 |
9,772 |
Total teachers |
91,521 |
70,924 |
162,445 |
Institutions |
Primary |
4,806 |
3,574 |
8,380 |
Intermediate |
1,766 |
1,057 |
2,823 |
Secondary |
581 |
486 |
1,067 |
Higher |
University colleges3 |
67 |
0 |
67 |
Girls' colleges |
0 |
11 |
11 |
Total higher |
67 |
11 |
78 |
Total institutions |
7,220 |
5,128 |
12,348 |
1 Table includes only institutions under the Ministry of Education,
the Ministry of Higher Education, and the Directorate General
of Girls' Education.
2 Female students are under the supervision of the Directorate
General of Girls' Education except those female students at university
colleges.
3 Includes girls' sections.
Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency,
Annual Report, 1410-1411, [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 119,
121.
Table 3. Health Facilities and Medical Personnel,
1987-88 Through 1990-91*
|
1987-88 |
1988-89 |
1989- 90 |
1990-91 |
Hospitals |
157 |
162 |
162 |
163 |
Beds |
25,902 |
26,315 |
25,918 |
25,835 |
Primary health-care centers |
1,438 |
1,477 |
1,639 |
1,668 |
Physicians |
11,326 |
11,940 |
12,617 |
12,959 |
Nurses |
25,986 |
27,169 |
28,266 |
29,124 |
Pharmacists and technicians |
12,793 |
14,013 |
15,125 |
15,329 |
* Includes Ministry of Health facilities only. In 1990-91 other
ministries and government bodies had thirty-one additional hospitals
with 3,785 beds. In addition, sixty-four private hospitals had
6,479 hospital beds.
Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency,
Annual Report, 1410-1411 [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 125-26.
Table 4. Government Budget, 1986-911
(in millions of riyals)2
|
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
Revenues |
Oil |
164,500 |
154,250 |
74,183 |
73,525 |
n.a. |
85,910 |
Other |
49,600 |
45,750 |
32,743 |
31,775 |
n.a. |
32,090 |
Total revenues |
214,100 |
200,000 |
106,926 |
105,300 |
n.a. |
118,000 |
Expenditures |
Human resources development |
30,413 |
24,533 |
23,689 |
23,388 |
24,004 |
25,869 |
Transportation and communications |
22,173 |
14,497 |
10,904 |
9,493 |
8,516 |
8,006 |
Economic resources development |
12,533 |
9,081 |
6,615 |
5,888 |
5,039 |
4,719 |
Health and social development |
16,134 |
12,892 |
11,094 |
10,806 |
10,634 |
11,239 |
Infrastructure development |
9,833 |
6,924 |
4,299 |
3,555 |
2,807 |
2,586 |
Municipal services |
17,063 |
11,890 |
8,110 |
7,017 |
5,430 |
5,520 |
Defense and security |
79,892 |
63,956 |
54,226 |
50,080 |
47,812 |
48,689 |
Public administration |
43,928 |
38,584 |
30,974 |
25,058 |
31,345 |
29,188 |
Government lending institutions |
17,500 |
9,300 |
3,590 |
590 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Local subsidies |
10,529 |
8,343 |
6,145 |
5,325 |
4,873 |
7,184 |
Total expenditures |
259,998 |
200,000 |
159,646 |
141,200 |
140,460 |
143,000 |
TOTAL |
-45,898 |
0 |
-52,720 |
- 35,900 |
n.a. |
-25,000 |
n.a.--not available.
1 As of 1986, Saudi Arabia changed from a fiscal year based on
the Islamic lunar calendar to a fiscal year beginning December
31 and ending December 30.
2 For value of the riyal--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency,
Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411
[1990], Riyadh, 1991, 123.
Table 5. Gross Domestic Product by Sector,
1985-89
(in millions of constant 1970 riyals)*
Sector |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
198 8 |
1989 |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing |
3,193 |
3,673 |
4,275 |
4,736 |
5,068 |
Crude petroleum and natural gas |
7,402 |
11,160 |
9,578 |
11,672 |
11,581 |
Other mining and quarrying |
182 |
177 |
173 |
175 |
181 |
Petroleum refining |
2,383 |
2,481 |
3,191 |
3,673 |
3,369 |
Other manufacturing |
3,071 |
2,985 |
2,975 |
3,064 |
3,186 |
Electricity, gas, and water |
979 |
1,033 |
1,093 |
1,159 |
1,218 |
Construction |
4,259 |
3,732 |
3,627 |
3,446 |
3,428 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
8,417 |
8,097 |
7,956 |
7,877 |
7,798 |
Transportation and communications |
4,522 |
4,398 |
4,293 |
4,336 |
4,358 |
Finance, real estate, and business services |
4,833 |
4,084 |
3,995 |
4,066 |
4,115 |
Community, social, and personal services |
864 |
829 |
819 |
845 |
858 |
Producers of government services |
5,185 |
5,199 |
5,175 |
5,191 |
5,329 |
Import duties |
369 |
312 |
337 |
810 |
658 |
Imputed bank service charges |
- 355 |
-337 |
-323 |
-317 |
-322 |
TOTAL |
45,304 |
47,823 |
47,164 |
50,733 |
50,825 |
* For value of the riyal--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency,
Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411
[1990], Riyadh, 1991, 132-35.
Table 6. Oil and Gas Reserves, Discoveries,
and Production, 1986-901
|
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
Oil2 |
Reserves |
Saudi Arabia |
167 |
167 |
252 |
258 |
259 |
Divided Zone |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
Total reserves |
170 |
170 |
2553 |
2613 |
261 |
Cumulative discoveries |
223 |
225 |
226 |
233 |
235 |
Gas4 |
Reserves |
Saudi Arabia |
142 |
177 |
180 |
181 |
n.a. |
Divided Zone |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
n.a. |
Total reserves |
148 |
183 |
186 |
187 |
n.a. |
Discoveries |
13.1 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
4.5 |
2.0 |
n.a.--not available.
1 As published.
2 In billions of barrels.
3 Based on reestimation.
4 In trillions of cubic feet.
Source: Based on Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,
Annual Statistical Bulletin, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 11.
Table 7. Petroleum Exports, 1986-91
(in millions of barrels per day)
|
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
Crude oil |
3.270 |
2.420 |
3.030 |
3.340 |
4.820 |
6.740 |
Refined products |
Base oils |
0.028 |
0.015 |
0.038 |
0.011 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Gasoline |
0.142 |
0.220 |
0.252 |
0.263 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Kerosene and jet fuel |
0.041 |
0.091 |
0.100 |
0.155 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Diesel oil |
0.183 |
0.260 |
0.225 |
0.119 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Fuel oil |
0.062 |
0.136 |
0.203 |
0.209 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Other |
0.002 |
0.000 |
0.001 |
0.001 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
Total refined products |
0.458 |
0.722 |
0.819 |
0.758 |
0.734 |
0.612 |
Liquid petroleum gas |
0.298 |
0.334 |
0.402 |
0.417 |
0.530 |
0.615 |
TOTAL |
4.026 |
3.476 |
4.251 |
4.515 |
6.084 |
7.967 |
n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from United States, Embassy in
Riyadh, 1991 Oil Survey: Saudi Arabia, July 1991, n.p.
Table 8. Direction of Oil Exports by Region,
1986-90
(in percentages)
Region |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
198 9 |
1990 |
Asia |
40.5 |
50.1 |
43.3 |
43.7 |
46.7 |
Western Europe |
34.6 |
22.3 |
24.1 |
21.8 |
18.4 |
North America |
18.6 |
21.6 |
26.0 |
29.9 |
27.2 |
Latin America |
5.7 |
4.4 |
4.6 |
2.7 |
3.7 |
Africa |
0.6 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
4.0 |
TOTAL |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund,
Saudi Arabia: Recent Economic Developments, Washington,
1990, Table 25, 74.
Table 9. Production of Major Crops, 1985-86
Through 1989-90
(in thousands of tons)
Crop |
1985-86 |
1986-87 |
1987- 88 |
1988-89 |
1989-90 |
Barley |
120 |
154 |
285 |
331 |
362 |
Citrus fruits |
11 |
27 |
27 |
35 |
35 |
Dates |
457 |
503 |
514 |
518 |
520 |
Eggplant |
39 |
37 |
65 |
83 |
83 |
Grapes |
83 |
86 |
93 |
96 |
100 |
Sorghum |
43 |
117 |
126 |
163 |
200 |
Tomatoes |
327 |
427 |
401 |
437 |
463 |
Watermelons |
364 |
420 |
428 |
455 |
461 |
Wheat |
2,290 |
2,649 |
3,267 |
3,285 |
3,464 |
Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency,
Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411
[1990], Riyadh, 1991, 121; and Ministry of Finance and National
Economy, Central Department of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook,
1408 [1988], Riyadh, n.d., 591.
Table 10. Direction of Trade with Industrialized
and Developing Countries, 1987- 91
(in millions of United States dollars)
|
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
Exports |
Industrialized countries |
Japan |
5,128 |
4,106 |
4,943 |
8,427 |
9,174 |
United States |
4,477 |
5,265 |
7,284 |
10,652 |
11,049 |
West Germany |
307 |
556 |
283 |
263 |
1,137 |
Other |
4,985 |
5,459 |
6,163 |
8,754 |
12,971 |
Total industrialized countries |
14,897 |
15,386 |
18,673 |
28,096 |
34,331 |
Developing countries |
Asia |
4,290 |
4,711 |
5,157 |
8,475 |
10,887 |
Middle East |
1,948 |
1,996 |
2,498 |
4,089 |
3,008 |
Latin America |
907 |
948 |
660 |
1,478 |
1,375 |
Africa |
316 |
420 |
396 |
1,121 |
988 |
Other |
194 |
201 |
305 |
1,092 |
1,072 |
Total developing countries |
7,655 |
8,276 |
9,016 |
16,255 |
17,330 |
Unallocated |
50 |
75 |
52 |
65 |
58 |
Total exports |
22,602 |
23,737 |
27,741 |
44,416 |
51,719 |
Imports |
Industrialized countries |
Japan |
3,470 |
3,483 |
3,014 |
3,689 |
4,292 |
United States |
3,069 |
3,540 |
3,843 |
4,022 |
7,229 |
West Germany |
1,556 |
1,575 |
1,324 |
1,774 |
2,656 |
Other |
6,873 |
7,229 |
7,559 |
9,068 |
13,154 |
Total industrialized countries |
14,968 |
15,827 |
15,740 |
18,553 |
27,331 |
Developing countries |
Asia |
3,303 |
3,555 |
3,140 |
3,154 |
4,845 |
Middle East |
710 |
889 |
964 |
915 |
831 |
Latin America |
302 |
426 |
337 |
388 |
435 |
Africa |
202 |
285 |
184 |
376 |
433 |
Other |
501 |
645 |
634 |
523 |
549 |
Total developing countries |
5,018 |
5,800 |
5,259 |
5,356 |
7,093 |
Unallocated |
124 |
157 |
154 |
160 |
163 |
Total imports |
20,110 |
21,784 |
21,153 |
24,069 |
34,587 |
Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund,
Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook, 1992, Washington,
1992, 341-42.
Table 11. Balance of Payments, 1986-90
(in millions of United States dollars)
|
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
Merchandise exports |
20,125 |
23,138 |
24,315 |
28,299 |
44,283 |
Merchandise imports |
17,066 |
18,283 |
19,805 |
19,231 |
21,490 |
Trade balance |
3,059 |
4,855 |
4,510 |
9,068 |
22,793 |
Service exports |
13,944 |
13,114 |
12,809 |
13,012 |
12,502 |
Service imports |
20,995 |
19,506 |
15,651 |
20,766 |
23,365 |
Service balance |
-7,051 |
-6,392 |
-2,842 |
-7,754 |
-10,863 |
Official transfers, net |
- 3,000 |
-3,300 |
- 2,499 |
-2,200 |
- 4,401 |
Private transfers, net |
-4,804 |
-4,935 |
-6,510 |
-8,342 |
-11,637 |
Unrequited transfers, net |
- 7,804 |
-8,235 |
- 9,009 |
-10,542 |
- 16,038 |
Current account balance |
- 11,796 |
-9,772 |
- 7,341 |
-9,228 |
- 4,108 |
Direct foreign investment |
967 |
-1,175 |
-328 |
- 312 |
n.a. |
Portfolio foreign investment |
3,451 |
6,150 |
3,057 |
-1,786 |
n.a. |
Direct foreign investment, net |
4,418 |
4,975 |
2,729 |
-2,098 |
n.a. |
Bank deposits |
-4,561 |
-1,423 |
-2,216 |
473 |
-2,417 |
Other sectors |
4,319 |
8,862 |
5,308 |
7,346 |
1,147 |
Other capital, net |
-242 |
7,439 |
3,092 |
7,819 |
-1,270 |
Capital account balance |
4,176 |
12,414 |
5,821 |
5,721 |
-1,270 |
Change in reserves (minus sign means increase) |
7,620 |
-2,642 |
1,520 |
3,507 |
5,378 |
n.a.--not available.
Sou rce: Based on information from International Monetary Fund,
International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1992, Washington,
1992, 610-11; and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Research and
Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411
[1990], Riyadh, 1991, 120.
Table 12. Major Equipment, Royal Saudi Land
Forces, 1992
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
Estimated in Inventory |
Tanks |
AMX-30 |
France |
300 |
M-60A3 |
United States |
400 |
Armored vehicles |
AML 60/90 armored cars |
France |
235 |
AMX-10P infantry fighting vehicles |
- do- |
500+ |
M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles |
United States |
200 |
M-113 personnel carriers |
-do- |
1,700 |
EE-11 Urutu personnel carriers |
Brazil |
30 |
Panhard M-3 personnel carriers |
France |
150 |
Self-propelled artillery |
M-109A1B/A2 155mm howitzers |
United States |
100 |
GCT 155mm howitzers |
France |
60 |
Towed artillery |
M-56 pack 105mm |
United States |
24 |
M-101/102 105mm (in store) |
-do- |
40 |
M-198 155mm |
-do- |
90 |
Multiple rocket launchers |
ASTROS II 180mm |
Brazil |
70 |
Mortars |
107mm, 120mm |
various |
400 |
Antitank guided weapons |
TOW, self-propelled |
United States |
200 |
M-47 Dragon |
Britain |
n.a. |
HOT self-propelled |
France |
90 |
Recoilless rifles |
75mm, 84mm, 90mm, 106mm |
various |
n.a. |
Surface-to-surface missile launchers/CSS-2 intermediate
range |
China |
30 |
Surface-to-air missiles |
Crotale |
France |
n.a. |
Stinger |
United States |
n.a. |
Redeye |
-do- |
500 |
Helicopters |
UH-60 Blackhawk (transport) |
-do- |
17 |
SA-365N medical evacuation |
France |
6 |
n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance,
1992- 1993, London, 1992, 120.
Table 13. Major Equipment, Royal Saudi Air
Force, 1992
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
Number in Inventory |
Fighter-ground attack aircraft |
F-5E Tiger II |
United States |
52 |
Tornado IDS |
Britain |
45 |
Air defense aircraft |
F-15C Eagle |
United States |
78 |
Tornado ADV |
Britain |
24 |
Reconnaissance aircraft |
RF-5E Tiger |
United States |
10 |
Transport aircraft |
C-130E/H Hercules |
-do- |
41 |
L-100-30HS (hospital) |
-do- |
5 |
CASA C-212 |
Spain/Indonesia |
35 |
Airborne early warning |
E-3A |
United States |
5 |
Jet fighter conversion trainer/F-5B/F |
-do- |
35 |
F-15D |
-do- |
20 |
Training |
BAC-167 Strikemaster |
Britain |
32 |
Hawk Mk 60 |
-do- |
30 |
Pilatus PC-9 |
Britain/Switzerland |
30 |
Tankers |
KE-3A |
United States |
8 |
KC-130H |
-do- |
7 |
Helicopters |
AB-205 Iroquois |
Italy |
8 |
AB-206B Jet Ranger |
-do- |
13 |
AB-212 Agusta |
-do- |
27 |
KV-107 Kawasaki |
Japan |
7 |
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance,
1992- 193, London, 1992, 121.
Table 14. Major Weapons, Royal Saudi Air
Defense Forces, 1992
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
Number in Inventory |
Surface-to-air missile launchers |
Improved Hawk |
United States |
16 |
Shahine (mounted on AMX-30SA) |
France |
17 |
Shahine (static defense) |
-do- |
73 |
Antiaircraft guns |
M-163 Vulcan 20mm, self-propelled |
United States |
92 |
30mm (mounted on AMX-30SA) |
France |
50 |
Oerlikon-Buhrle, 35mm |
Switzerland |
128 |
Bofors L-70 40mm (in store) |
Sweden |
150 |
Source: Based on information from The Military Balance,
1992- 1993, London, 1992, 121.
Table 15. Major Equipment, Royal Saudi Naval
Forces, 1992
Type and Description |
Origin |
Number |
Date Commissioned or Entered Service |
Frigates |
Medina class (F-2000), 2,870 tons, Otomat missiles, 100mm
gun |
France |
4 |
1985-86 |
Corvettes |
Badr class (PCG-1), 870 tons, Harpoon missiles |
United States |
4 |
1980-83 |
Fast attack craft |
As Siddiq (US 58-m), Harpoon missiles |
-do- |
9 |
1980- 82 |
Dammam (Jaguar) torpedo craft |
West Germany |
3 |
1969 |
Mine warfare |
MSC-322 minesweepers |
United States |
4 |
1978- 79 |
Sandown class minesweepers |
Britain |
3* |
1991-93 |
Amphibious |
Landing craft, utility (LCU) 610 type |
United States |
4 |
n.a. |
Landing craft, medium (LCM) |
United States |
West Germany |
8 |
n.a. |
Helicopters |
AS-365N Dauphin (20 with antiship missiles, 4 search and
air rescue) |
France |
24 |
1989-90 |
AS-332 B |
F Super Puma (6 with torpedoes, 6 with AM 39
Exocet missiles) |
-do- |
12 |
n.a. |
*--being delivered.
n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from Jane's Information Group,
Jane's Fighting Ships, 1991-92, Coulsdon, United Kingdom,
1991, 473-78; and The Military Balance, 1992- 1993, London,
1992, 120-21.
Table 16. Major Equipment, Saudi Arabian
National Guard, 1992
Type and Description |
Country of Origin |
Number in Inventory |
Armored personnel carriers |
V-150 Commando, wheeled |
United States |
1,100 |
Towed artillery |
M-102 105mm howitzers |
-do- |
30 |
M-198 155mm howitzers |
-do- |
4 |
Recoilless rifles |
M40A1 106mm |
-do- |
n.a. |
Antitank guided weapons |
TOW missiles |
-do- |
n.a. |
n.a.--not available.
|