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Soviet Union [USSR] Operation
Until 1988 the two operative bodies involved solely and
directly in foreign economic operations were GKES and the Ministry
of Foreign Trade
(see
fig. 24). The Ministry of Foreign Trade
formulated draft import and export plans and regulated commodity
trade. GKES supervised foreign aid programs and the export of
complete plants. The Ministry of Foreign Trade or GKES had
jurisdiction over most FTOs, which negotiated and signed commercial
contracts with foreigners on behalf of individual
enterprises (see Glossary). FTOs were generally organized
by product, as had been
the foreign trade corporations of the 1930s.
Some industrial ministries or other agencies, however, had
their own FTOs. As of early 1987, for example, forty-eight FTOs
were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
nine under the GKES, whereas the Ministry of the Maritime Fleet,
the Ministry of the Fishing Industry, and the Ministry of Trade,
among others, had their own FTOs. In addition, certain other
agencies had their own FTOs: the Chamber of Commerce and Industry,
which handled international trade exhibitions; the State Committee
for Physical Culture and Sports; the Central Union of Cooperatives;
the State Committee for Publishing Houses, Printing Plants, and the
Book Trade; the State Committee for Cinematography; and the State
Committee for Science and Technology.
Data as of May 1989
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