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Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Selected Election Results for the Congress of Deputies, 1977-86

19771979
PartyValid VotesPercentagePartyValid VotesPercentage
UCD6,337,28834.61UCD6,292,10235.02
PSOE5,358,78129.27PSOE5,477,03730.49
PCE1,718,0269.38PCE1,940,23610.80
AP1,525,0288.33CD1,070,7215.96
CiU514,6472.81CiU483,4462.69
PNV314,4091.72PNV275,2921.53
EE60,3120.33HB172,1100.96
EE85,6770.48
19821986
PartyValid VotesPercentagePartyValid VotesPercentage
PSOE10,127,39248.4PSOE8,887,34544.3
AP5,409,22925.9CP5,245,39626.2
UCD1,425,2486.8CDS1,862,8569.3
AP/UCD*139,1480.6CiU1,012,0545.0
PCE846,4404.0IU930,2234.6
CiU772,7263.7PNV308,9911.5
CDS604,2932.9HB231,5581.2
PNV395,6561.9EE106,9370.5
HB210,6011.0
EE100,3260.5

AP--Popular Alliance.
CD--Democratic Coalition (led by AP).
CDS--Democratic and Social Center.
CiU--Convergence and Union Party.
CP--Popular Coalition (led by AP).
EE--Basque Left.
HB--Popular Unity.
IU--United Left (leftist alliance dominated by PCE).
PCE--Communist Party of Spain.
PNV--Basque Nationalist Party.
PSOE--Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.
UCD--Union of the Democratic Center.

*These parties formed an alliance in three Basque provinces for the 1982 elections.

Table 3. Total Population and Annual Growth Rates, Census Years, 1860-1981

Census YearPopulationAnnual Growth RateCensus YearPopulationAnnual Growth Rate
186015,655.4670.34195027,976,7550.81
191019,927,1500.72196030,903,1370.88
192021,303,1620.69197033,823,9180.94
193023,563,8671.06198137,746,2601.15
194025,877,9710.98

Source: Based on information from John Paxton (ed.), The Statesman's Year-Book, 1989-1990, New York, 1989, 1114.

Table 4. Area, Population, and Density of the Autonomous Communities and Provinces in the Mid-decennial Census of April 1, 1986

Autonomous Community ProvinceArea (in square kilometers) PopulationInhabitants Per Square Province Kilometer
Andalusia87,2686,875,62879
Almería8,774448,59251
Cádiz7,3851,054,503143
Córdoba13,718745,17554
Granada12,531796,85764
Huelva10,085430,91843
Jaén13,498633,61247
Málaga7,2761,215,479167
Seville14,0011,550,492111
Aragón47,6691,214,72925
Huesca15,671220,82414
Teruel14,804148,07310
Zaragoza17,194845,83249
Asturias10,5651,114,115105
Balearic Islands5,014754,777151
Basque Country7,2612,133,002294
þlava3,047275,70390
Guipúzcoa1,997688,894345
Vizcaya2,2171,168,405527
Canary Islands7,2731,614,882222
Las Palmas4,065855,494210
Santa Cruz de Tenerife3,208759,388237
Cantabria5,289524,67099
Castilla-La Mancha79,2261,665,02921
Albacete14,858342,27823
Ciudad Real19,749477,96724
Cuenca17,061210,93212
Guadalajara12,190146,00812
Toledo15,368487,84432
Castilla y León94,1472,600,33028
þvila8,048179,20722
Burgos14,269363,53025
León15,468528,50234
Palencia8,029188,47223
Salamanca12,336366,66830
Segovia6,949151,52022
Soria10,28797,5659
Valladolid8,202503,30661
Zamora10,559221,56021
Catalonia31,9705,977,008187
Barcelona7,7734,598,249592
Gerona5,886490,66783
Lérida12,028356,81130
Tarragona6,283531,28185
Extremadura41,6021,088,54326
Badajoz21,657664,51631
Cáceres19,945424,02721
Galicia29,4342,785,39495
La Coruña7,8761,102,376140
Lugo9,803399,23241
Orense7,278399,37855
Pontevedra4,477884,408198
Madrid7,9954,854,616607
Murcia11,3171,014,28590
Navarre10,421512,67649
La Rioja5,034262,61152
Valencia23,3053,772,002162
Alicante5,8631,254,920214
Castellón6,679437,32065
Valencia10,7632,079,762193

Source: Based on information from John Paxton (ed.), The Statesman's Year-Book, 1989-1990, New York, 1989, 1114-1115.

Table 5. Population of Principal Cities in the Mid-decennial Census of April 1, 1986

CityPopulationCityPopulation
Albacete127,169Orense102,455
Alicante265,543Oviedo190,651
Almería156,838Palencia76,707
Badajoz126,340Palma de Mallorca321,112
Barcelona1,694,064Las Palmas
Bilbao378,221de Gran Canaria372,270
Burgos163,910Pamplona183,703
Cáceres79,342Salamanca166,615
Cádiz154,051San Sebastián180,043
Cartagena168,809Santa Cruz de Tenerife211,389
Castellón129,813Santander188,539
Córdoba304,826Santiago de Compostela104,045
La Coruña241,808Seville668,356
Gerona67,578Tarragona109,557
Granada280,592Valencia738,575
Huelva135,427Valladolid341,194
Jerez de la Frontera180,444Vitoria207,501
Jaén102,826Zaragoza596,080
León137,414
Lérida111,507
Logroño118,770
Lugo77,728
Madrid3,123,713
Málaga595,264
Murcia309,504

Source: Based on information from John Paxton (ed.), The Statesman's Year-Book, 1989-1990, New York, 1989, 1115-1116.

Table 6. Number of Foreign Tourists and Earnings from Tourism, Selected Years, 1960-87

YearNumber of Tourists (in millions)Earnings (in millions of United States dollars)
19606.1350
196514.31,105
197024.11,681
197530.13,404
198038.06,968
198242.07,126
198443.07,717
198647.412,058
198750.514,760

Source: Based on information from Spain, Ministerio del Portavoz del Gobierno, Spain, 1989, Madrid, 1989, 141.

Table 7. Selected Crops, 1985-87

(in thousands of tons)
Crop198519861987
Almonds287221250
Bananas402471410
Barley10,6987,4319,602
Cabbages546465421
Corn3,4143,4233,555
Grapes5,4505,7886,181
Lemons482619584
Mandarins1,0511,1641,133
Oats680433503
Olive oil429533710
Onions1,2491,1661,104
Oranges1,9682,1352,359
Potatoes5,9275,1255,379
Rice463496490
Rye273220320
Sugar beets6,6197,7467,908
Tomatoes2,4292,4002,347
Wheat5,3294,3925,768

Source: Based on information from Europa World Year Book, 1989, 2, London, 1989, 2336.

Table 8. Fishing Industry Catches, 1984-86

(in thousands of tons)
Type of Catch198419851986
Blue mussels116.8103.3118.3
Cephalopods
Octopuses54.151.545.9
Squid26.123.666.6*
Cod varieties
Atlantic cod35.538.354.6
Cape hake119.0136.4147.9
European hake55.146.342.3*
Blue whiting25.226.635.7
Mackerel varieties
Atlantic horse mackerel34.034.144.7
Atlantic mackerel19.416.123.4
Cape horse mackerel20.919.415.8
Sardines257.1229.0173.2*
Tuna varieties
Albacore17.521.422.1
Skipjack tuna57.258.565.5
Yellowfin tuna57.983.379.6
TOTAL (incl. others)1,337.71,337.71,303.5

*Estimates of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Source: Based on information from Europa World Year Book, 1989, 2, London, 1989, 2337.

Table 9. Selected Mineral Production, 1986-87

(in thousands of tons, net metal content)
19861987
Copper4711
Fluorspar278196
Iron2,7782,042
Lead8078
Potassium salts1,4911,612
Pyrites1,195992
Tin*28171
Uranium*373380
Wolfram*56464
Zinc223225

*in tons.

Source: Based on information from John Paxton, (ed.), Statesman's Year-Book, 1989-1990, New York, 1989, 1120.

Table 10. Composition of Foreign Trade, 1981 and 1987

(in billions of pesetas)
Trade Items19811987
Imports
Capital goods419.01,432.8
Consumer goods278.11,193.6
Food258.1606.5
Fuels1,259.6986.5
Raw materials334.2508.8
Semi-finished products421.51,301.6
Total imports2,970.56,029.8
Exports
Capital goods296.3617.3
Consumer goods476.41,324.0
Food347.0739.8
Fuels99.1260.7
Raw materials61.9156.1
Semi-finished products607.61,097.8
Total exports1,888.34,195.7

Source: Based on information from Spain, Ministerio del Portavoz del Gobierno, Spain, 1989, Madrid, 1989, 150.

Table 11. Total Spanish Foreign Trade and Trade with Selected Partners, 1982-86

(in millions of pesetas)
YearTotalEC1Br2France FRG3US4JapanOPEC5Com econ6
IMPORT
19823,465,5391,100,475170,379275,316328,225478,276110,526 929549106,633
19834,176,4701,373,484256,671344,334366,060495,500139,9481,047,765 137,654
19844,628,9911,583,587281,083398,049458,737519,278141,787 1,118,687158,234
19855,073,2381,868,454329,621471,091537,432552,982172,779 1,021,674140,341
19864,890,7672,458,096377,652571,425736,088482,717240,906 551,56398,923
EXPORT
19822,258,0061,098,062160,670369,874185,071255,387145,471 340,17260,261
19832,838,6011,424,859219,887448,737260,186345,209206,640 397,76687,178
19843,731,1281,943,658343,042566,574361,796446,605361,126 346,345122,692
19854,104,1432,142,398351,294635,017392,478475,488408,561 300,116170,279
19863,801,8372,295,308335,376682,902445,540529,228351,046 215,727109,427

1European Community.
2Britain.
3Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).
4United States.
5Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
6Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.

Source: Based on information from Ramón Tamames, Introducción a la economía española, Madrid, 1987, 348.

Table 12. Foreign Investment in Spain by Country, 1982-87

(in billions of pesetas)
Country19821984198619 87Percentage of Total Foreign Investment, 1982-87
Belgium1.03.411.533.53
Britain10.320.728.045.48
France8.015.625.150.110
Italy2.04.325.367.17
Japan3.515.69.933.35
Netherlands16.318.430.5122.513
Switzerland35.422.521.161.011
United States42.335.032.140.114
West Germany18.926.9104.526.814
Others24.775.452.060.517
TOTAL162.4237.8340.0540.3100*

*Figure does not add to total because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Mark Hudson and Stan Rudcenko, Spain to 1992: Joining Europe's Mainstream, Special Report No. 118, Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 1988, 112.

Table 13. Autonomous Communities and Date of Approval of Statutes of Autonomy

Autonomous CommunityApproval Date
Basque CountryDecember 18, 1979
CataloniaDecember 18, 1979
GaliciaApril 6, 1981
AndalusiaDecember 30, 1981
AsturiasDecember 30, 1981
CantabriaDecember 30, 1981
La RiojaJune 9, 1982
MurciaJune 9, 1982
ValenciaJuly 1, 1982
AragonAugust 10, 1982
Castilla-La ManchaAugust 10, 1982
Canary IslandsAugust 10, 1982
NavarreAugust 10, 1982
ExtremaduraFebruary 25, 1983
Balearic IslandsFebruary 25, 1983
MadridFebruary 25, 1983
Castilla y LeónFebruary 25, 1983

Table 14. Selected Regional Parties

Name of PartyIdeologyYear Founded
Basque Left (Euskadiko Ezkerra--EE)leftist1976
Basque Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Vasco--PNV) center-right1894
Basque Solidarity (Eusko Alkartasuna--EA)radical independentist1986
Canary Independence Association (Agrupación Independiente Canaria-- AIC)independentist1986
Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya-- ERC)moderate left1931
Convergence and Union (Convergència i Unió--CiU)center-right1979
Galician Coalition (Coalición Galega--CG)reformist1985
Popular Unity (Herri Batasuna--HB)leftist1978
Regionalist Aragonese Party (Partido Aragonés Regionalista--PAR) center-right1977
Union of the Navarrese People (Unión del Pueblo Navarro-UPN)social Christian1979

Table 15. The Thirty Daily Newspapers with the Largest Circulations in 1987

NewspaperPlace of PublicationAverage Circulation in 1987
El PaísMadrid and Barcelona373,000
ABCMadrid and Seville247,000
La VanguardiaBarcelona201,000
AsMadrid157,000
El PeriódicoBarcelona154,000
MarcaMadrid and Seville144,000
Diario 16Madrid and Seville136,000
El Correo Español-El Pueblo Vasco
Bilbao123,000
La Voz de GaliciaLa Coruña82,000
El Diario VascoSan Sebastián81,000
YaMadrid75,000
Las ProvinciasValencia56,000
El Mundo DeportivoBarcelona55,000
SportBarcelona50,000
DeiaBilbao50,000
Heraldo de AragónZaragoza49,000
Diario de NavarraPamplona43,000
EginHernani41,000
La VerdadMurcia40,000
AvuiBarcelona39,000
La Nueva EspañaOviedo36,000
El Faro de VigoVigo32,000
SurMálaga32,000
La ProvinciaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria32,000
InformaciónAlicante31,000
Diario de CádizCádiz28,000
LevanteValencia27,000
þltima HoraPalma de Mallorca26,000
El Diario Montañés1Santander26,000
IdealGranada26,000

Source: Based on information from Ramon Tamames (ed.), El País Anuario, 1989, Madrid, El País, 1989, 200.

Table 16. Major Army Equipment, 1987

Type and DescriptionCountry of ManufactureNumber in Inventory
Tanks
AMX-30EFrance/Spain300
M-47EUnited States380
M-48A5E-do-164
M-41-do-127
Armored vehicles
M-113 armored personnel carriers-do-1,196
BMR-600 six-wheeled infantry combat vehiclesSpain510
AML-60 reconnaissance vehiclesFrance60
AML-90 light armored cars-do-80
Self-propelled guns and howitzers
105mm M-108 howitzersUnited States48
155mm M-109A howitzers-do-96
175mm M-107-do-12
203mm M-55 howitzers-do-4
Towed Artillery
105mm M-26 and M-56 packUnited States810
122mm 12246
Spain188
155mm M-114United States84
155mm M-44-do-12
203mm M-115-do-24
Multiple Rocket Launchers
Teruel 140mmSpain12
L-21 216mm-do-16
Mortars: 81mm, 107mm, 120mmvarious1,200
Antitank weapons
106mm recoilless riflesUnited States500
M-65 88.9mm rocket launchers-do-42
Milan, Cobra, Dragon, HOT, and TOW missilesFrance and United States130
Air defense weapons
20mm, 35mm, 40mm, and 90mm gunsvarious364
Nike, Hercules missilesUnited States9
Improved Hawk-do-24
RolandFrancen.a.
AspideItalyn.a.
Helicopters
Bell UH-1 B
H (utility)United States69
CASA-MBB HA-15 (attack; reconnaissance)Spain/West Germany70
AB-206A; AB-212 (training; utility)Italy9
OH-58B (transport)United States12
CH-47 Chinook (transport)-do-18

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-88, London, 1987, 75.

Table 17. Major Naval Equipment, 1988

Type and DescriptionOriginNumberDate Commissioned
Aircraft carrier
Dédalo (eight Harriers; eight helicopters)United States11967 (to be retired)
Principe de Asturias (six-eight Harriers (VSTOL); eight helicopters)Spain11988
Submarine
Agosta classSpain/France41983-86
Daphne class-do-41973-75
Destroyer
Gearing classUnited States51945
Fletcher class-do-31943-44
Roger de LauriaSpain11959
Frigate
FFG-7 class-do-31986-88
F-70 Baleares-do-51973-76
Corvette
Atrevida class-do-41954-60
Descubierta class-do-61978-82
Fast attack craft, missile armed-do-121975-78
Patrol craft, various types-do-79various
Minesweeper
Aggressive class (ocean)United States41953-54
Adjutant class (coastal)-do-81956-59
Amphibious
Paul Revere class LPA1-do-21958-61
Cabildo class LSD2-do-11945
Landing craft, various typesSpain and United States35various
Helicopter
AB-212 (command; reconnaissance)Italy12n.a.
Sea King (antisubmarine)United States13n.a.
Hughes 500M (antisubmarine)-do-11n.a.

n.a.--not available.
1 Amphibious Personnel Transport.
2 Landing Ship, Dock.

Source: Based on information from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-88, London, 1987, 76; and Jane's Fighting Ships, 1987-88, London, 1987, 461-75.

Table 18. Major Air Force Equipment, 1987

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginNumber in Inventory
Fighter-bomber-interceptors
F-4C and RF-4C PhantomsUnited States36
Mirage IIIE and IIID (trainer)France30
Mirage F1-do-63
F-18 HornetsUnited States24
(on order)48
Ground attack
SF-5Spain (assembly)52
Maritime reconnaissance
Orion P-3AUnited States6
Fokker F-27Netherlands3
Transport
C-130 HerculesUnited States5
KC-130 (aerial refueling)-do-6
CASA C-212 AviocarSpain82
DHC-4 CaribouUnited States12
Utility
Do-27West Germany49
Training
Beech T-34A MentorUnited States24
Beech F-33A Bonanza-do-8
CASA C-101Spain40
Helicopters
Aérospatiale SA-319A Alouette IIIFrance6
Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma-do-6
Aérospatiale AS-332B Super PumaSpain (assembly)12
Agusta Bell 205, 206Italy17
Hughes 269AUnited States17
Bell CH-47 Chinook-do-25

Source: Based on information from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1987-88, London, 1987, 76-77.

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