Appendix A. Tables
When you kow | Multiply by | To find |
Millimeters | 0.04 | inches |
Centimeters | 0.39 | inches |
Meters | 3.3 | feet |
Kilometers | 0.62 | miles |
Hectares | 2.47 | acres |
Square kilometers | 0.39 | square miles |
Cubic meters | 35.3 | cubic feet |
Liters | 0.26 | gallons |
Kilograms | 2.2 | pounds |
Metric tons | 0.98 | long tons |
| 1.1 | short
tons |
| 2,204 | pounds |
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) | 1.8 and
add 32 | degrees Fahrenheit |
Regal Title | Reign | Conventional Form Used
in the West | Systematic Romanization1 |
Rama I2 | 1782-1809 | Yot Fa | Phutthayotfa
Chulalok |
Rama II2 | 1809-1824 | Loet La | Phutthaloetla
Naphalai |
Rama III | 1824-1851 | Nang Klao | Nangklao |
Rama IV | 1851-1868 | Mongkut | Chomklao |
Rama V | 1868-1910 | Chulalongkorn | Chunlachomklao |
Rama VI | 1910-1925 | Vajiravudh | Mongkutklao |
Rama VII | 1925-19353 | Prajadhipok | Pokklao |
Rama VIII | 1935-19464 | Ananda Mahidol | Anantha
Mahidon |
Rama IX | 19465- | Bhumibol Adulyadej | Phumiphon
Adunlayadet
|
1As adopted by the Library of Congress, except for the omission
of diacritical markings.
2Conferred posthumously.
3Abdicated; died 1941.
4Regency until 1945.
5Regency until 1951.
Census Year | Total Population | Rate of
Increase (in percentage)1 |
1911 | 8,266,408
| 1.4 |
1919 | 9,207,355 | 2.2 |
1929 | 11,506,207 | 3.0 |
1937 | 14,464,105 | 1.9 |
1947 | 17,442,689 | 3.2 |
1960 | 26,257,916 | 3.4 |
1970 | 34,397,374 | 2.6 |
1980 | 44,824,540 | 2.5 |
1985 | 51,571,000 | 2
|
1Average annual increase during the period between censuses.
2Estimated.
Level of
Education | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 |
Preprimary | 349,827 | 379,400 | 408,687 | 471,597 | 532,097 |
Primary | 7,370,846 | 7,449,219 | 7,413,571 | 7,272,153 | 7,229,064 |
Secondary |
Lower secondary | 1,343,937 | 1,104,339 | 1,188,911 | 1,222,037 | 1,302,131 |
Upper secondary | 266,349 | 468,248 | 516,199 | 532,888 | 557,095 |
Total secondary | 1,610,286 | 1,572,587 | 1,705,110 | 1,754,925 | 1,859,226 |
Teacher training | 70,837 | 71,978 | 85,016 | 76,957 | 70,877 |
Vocational | 356,700 | 492,597 | 539,865 | 588,470 | 577,147 |
University* |
Undergraduate | 71,096 | 88,796 | 96,662 | 102,696 | 106,562 |
Graduate | 11,092 | 11,305 | 12,178 | 13,418 | 14,257 |
Total university | 82,188 | 100,101 | 108,840 | 116,114 | 120,819 |
TOTAL | 9,840,684 | 10,065,882 | 10,261,089 | 10,280,216 | 10,389,230
|
*Excludes Ramkhamhaeng University and Sukhothai Thammathirat Open
University, in 1980 excluded Srinakharinwirot University.
Source: Based on information from Thailand, Office of the Prime
Minister, National Statistical Office, Statistical Handbook
of Thailand, 1985, Bangkok, 40-41.
| 1983 | | 1984 | | 1985
| | 1986 |
---|
| Value1 |
Percentage of GDP2 | Value1 | Percentage of
GDP2 | Value1 | Percentage of
GDP2 | Value1 | Percentageof GDP2 |
Agriculture |
Crops | 149,973 | 16.2 | 139,547 | 14.1 | 127,051 | 12.2 | 124,905 | 11.4 |
Livestock | 28,840 | 3.1 | 26,328 | 2.7 | 24,371 | 2.3 | 26,669 | 2.4 |
Fisheries | 14,466 | 1.6 | 13,129 | 1.3 | 14,807 | 1.4 | 17,564 | 1.6 |
Forestry | 11,164 | 1.2 | 12,274 | 1.2 | 12,304 | 1.2 | 13,899 | 1.3 |
Total agriculture | 204,443 | 22.1 | 191,278 | 19.3 | 178,533 | 17.1 | 183,037 | 16.7 |
Nonagriculture |
Mining and quarrying | 16,480 | 1.8 | 21,291 | 2.2 | 29,240 | 2.8 | 23,347 | 2.1 |
Manufacturing | 176,200 | 19.0 | 196,257 | 19.8 | 209,014 | 20.1 | 226,571 | 20.6 |
Construction | 47,129 | 5.1 | 52,772 | 5.3 | 54,373 | 5.2 | 55,682 | 5.1 |
Electricity and water supply | 16,319 | 1.8 | 18,884 | 1.9 | 24,070 | 2.3 |
28,182 | 2.6 |
Transportation and communications | 73,708 | 8.0 | 83,588 | 8.5 | 95,160 | 9.2 | 101,827 | 9.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 165,812 | 17.9 | 181,993 | 18.4 | 189,736 | 18.2 | 204,095 | 18.6 |
Banking, insurance, and real estate | 72,381 | 7.8 | 80,577 | 8.2 | 84,922 | 8.2 |
87,248 | 7.9 |
Ownership of dwellings | 11,210 | 1.2 | 12,337 | 1.2 | 13,608 | 1.3 | 14,909 | 1.3 |
Public administration and defense | 42,551 | 4.6 | 43,182 | 4.4 | 47,136 | 4.5 |
49,139 | 4.5 |
Services | 98,680 | 10.7 | 106,704 | 10.8 | 115,562 | 11.1 | 124,325 | 11.3 |
Total nonagriculture | 720,470 | 77.9 | 797,585 | 80.7 | 862,821 | 82.9 | 915,325 | 83.3 |
TOTAL | 924,913 | 100.0 | 988,863 | 100.0 | 1,041,354 | 100.0 | 1,098,362 | 100.0
|
1In millions of baht (for value of the baht--see Glossary).
2Gross domestic product.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 88.
(in millions of baht)*
Economic
classification | 1978 | 1980 | 1982 | 198
4 | 1986
|
Current | 58,518 | 94,370 | 125,904 | 154,481 | 173,557 |
Capital | 18,991 | 26,603 | 31,113 | 27,747 | 30,722 |
Major functional classification |
Economic services | 17,012 | 22,804 | 27,902 | 28,573 | 29,928 |
Social services | 23,831 | 35,474 | 47,940 | 55,419 | 60,156 |
Defense | 15,310 | 24,398 | 31,350 | 36,034 | 41,125 |
General administration | 9,526 | 17,705 | 18,134 | 24,304 | 25,761 |
Unallocable items | 11,830 | 20,592 | 31,691 | 37,898 | 47,309 |
TOTAL | 77,509 | 120,973 | 157,017 | 182,228 | 204,279
|
*For value of the baht--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 36.
(in millions of baht)*
Sector | 1981 | 1983 | 1985 | 198
6 |
Agriculture | 72,998 | 66,484 | 73,398 | 79,397 |
Fishing | 6,632 | 8,225 | 10,590 | 14,853 |
Forestry | 143 | 109 | 365 | 620 |
Mining | 11,814 | 6,806 | 10,126 | 6,283 |
Manufacturing | 54,743 | 61,358 | 95,615 | 129,170 |
Samples and other unclassified goods | 2,632 | 1,340 | 1,518 | 1,772 |
Reexports | 4,039 | 2,150 | 1,754 | 1,288 |
TOTAL | 153,001 | 146,472 | 193,366 | 233,383
|
*For value of the baht--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 52-53.
(in millions of baht)1
Item | 1981 | 1983 | 1985 |
1986 |
Rice | 26,366 | 20,157 | 22,524 | 20,315 |
Rubber products | 10,841 | 11,787 | 13,567 | 15,116 |
Maize | 8,349 | 8,486 | 7,700 | 9,261 |
Cassava products | 16,446 | 15,387 | 14,969 | 19,086 |
Tin | 9,091 | 5,265 | 5,647 | 3,096 |
Sugar | 9,572 | 6,338 | 6,247 | 7,271 |
Integrated circuits | 6,163 | 5,829 | 8,248 | 12,818 |
Textile products | 12,570 | 14,351 | 23,578 | 31,268 |
Marine products2 | 7,859 | 10,682 | 15,934 | 23,013 |
Precious stones | 4,486 | 6,214 | 6,350 | 8,150 |
Tobacco leaves | 1,739 | 1,791 | 1,580 | 1,487 |
Mung beans | 1,693 | 1,552 | 2,284 | 1,463 |
Frozen fowl | 1,187 | 946 | 1,467 | 3,121 |
Sorghum | 904 | 790 | 1,048 | 657 |
Fresh fruit | 426 | 525 | 684 | 736 |
Orchids | 402 | 354 | 490 | 387 |
Raw cotton | 267 | 268 | 210 | 96 |
Kapok fiber | 285 | 250 | 230 | 205 |
Tungsten | 379 | 132 | 150 | 64 |
Coffee | 231 | 452 | 883 | 1,722 |
Fluorite | 332 | 289 | 363 | 230 |
Canned pineapple | 2,039 | 1,871 | 3,292 | 3,183 |
Molasses | 696 | 609 | 758 | 1,018 |
Iron or steel pipes | 580 | 429 | 1,649 | 1,502 |
Leather gloves | 242 | 223 | 347 | 420 |
Artificial flowers | 383 | 481 | 913 | 1,146 |
Wall and floor tiles | 227 | 302 | 315 | 519 |
Wood products | 1,367 | 1,336 | 1,901 | 2,235 |
Jute products | 1,245 | 1,100 | 1,561 | 1,265 |
Footwear | 956 | 1,743 | 2,368 | 3,185 |
Furniture | 707 | 981 | 1,317 | 1,866 |
Plastic products | 689 | 938 | 1,262 | 1,414 |
Jewelry | 526 | 1,028 | 2,168 | 5,014 |
Other | 23,756 | 23,586 | 41,362 | 51,054 |
TOTAL | 153,001 | 146,472 | 193,366 | 233,383
|
1For value of the baht--see Glossary.
2Includes fresh and canned fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 54-57.
(in millions of baht)*
Category | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1
984 | 1985 | 1986 |
Consumer goods |
Nondurable |
Food and beverages |
Dairy products | 2,451 | 1,937 | 2,447 | 2,418 | 2,589 | 2,528 |
Cereals and derivatives | 1,101 | 730 | 947 | 782 | 880 | 843 |
Fruits and vegetables | 716 | 715 | 896 | 991 | 794 | 523 |
Coffee, tea, and spices | 166 | 191 | 237 | 190 | 261 | 263 |
Other | 1,532 | 1,417 | 1,530 | 1,670 | 1,840 | 1,946 |
Total food and beverages | 5,966 | 4,990 | 6,057 | 6,051 | 6,364 | 6,103 |
Tobacco products | 71 | 100 | 85 | 105 | 111 | 113 |
Toiletries and cleaning products | 991 | 957 | 1,165 | 1,230 | 1,442 | 1,519 |
Clothing and footwear | 1,054 | 1,756 | 2,158 | 2,065 | 1,816 |
2,111 |
Medicinal and pharmaceutical
products | 2,377 | 2,496 | 2,786 | 2,733 | 3,072 | 3,136 |
Total nondurable | 10,459 | 10,299 | 12,251 | 12,184 | 12,805 | 12,982 |
Durable Household goods | 2,573 | 2,471 | 2,885 | 3,044 | 3,524 | 3,646 |
Electrical appliances | 3,519 | 3,625 | 5,263 | 5,549 | 5,682 | 5,777 |
Wood and cork products | 126 | 122 | 121 | 103 | 115 | 98 |
Leather and leather products | 38 | 30 | 47 | 75 | 269 | 402 |
Furniture | 70 | 81 | 105 | 131 | 128 | 102 |
Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts |
1,225 | 1,024 | 1,310 | 1,284 | 947 | 842 |
Small arms | 253 | 253 | 326 | 322 | 496 | 617 |
Total durable | 7,804 | 7,606 | 10,057 | 10,508 | 11,161 | 11,484 |
Total consumer goods | 18,263 | 17,905 | 22,308 | 22,692 | 23,966 | 24,466 |
Intermediate products and raw
materials |
Chiefly for consumer goods |
Fish and fish products | 481 | 648 | 984 | 2,020 | 3,754 | 7,462 |
Animal and vegetable crude
materials | 3,149 | 2,782 | 2,987 | 4,010 | 2,494 | 3,129 |
Tobacco, unprocessed | 865 | 1,639 | 603 | 974 | 1,409 | 1,252 |
Lumber and wood products | 3,642 | 2,992 | 3,783 | 3,489 | 3,677 | 3,501 |
Textile fibers | 3,915 | 3,247 | 4,516 | 5,388 | 5,673 | 5,638 |
Natural | 3,443 | 2,451 | 3,882 | 4,507 | 4,919 | 4,825 |
Synthetic | 472 | 796 | 634 | 881 | 754 | 813 |
Textile yarn and thread | 1,278 | 1,094 | 1,399 | 1,514 | 1,445 | 2,359 |
Fabrics | 2,676 | 2,044 | 2,810 | 3,459 | 3,397 | 4,225 |
Jewelry, including silver bars | 1,352 | 1,772 | 3,141 | 2,591 | 2,541 | 4,149 |
Paper and paperboard | 2,856 | 2,535 | 3,109 | 2,914 | 3,656 | 3,370 |
Chemicals | 18,011 | 16,138 | 20,790 | 20,730 | 23,061 | 26,106 |
Total chiefly for consumergoods | 38,225 | 34,891 | 44,122 | 47,089 | 51,107 | 61,191 |
Chiefly for capital goods
Crude minerals | 1,055 | 1,035 | 1,105 | 1,150 | 1,318 | 966 |
Base metals | 18,804 | 17,134 | 21,247 | 21,374 | 23,347 | 22,176 |
Iron and steel | 12,039 | 11,323 | 13,860 | 14,035 | 15,942 | 15,737 |
Other | 6,765 | 5,811 | 7,387 | 7,339 | 7,405 | 6,439 |
Total chiefly for capital goods | 19,859 | 18,169 | 22,352 | 22,524 | 24,665 | 23,142 |
Total intermediate products
and raw materials | 58,084 | 53,060 | 66,474 | 69,613 | 75,772 | 84,333 |
Capital goods |
Fertilizers and pesticides | 5,180 | 4,723 | 6,232 | 6,162 | 6,748 | 6,660 |
Cement | 175 | 8 | 27 | 19 | 17 | 29 |
Construction materials | 412 | 242 | 292 | 298 | 317 | 227 |
Tubes and pipes | 650 | 458 | 824 | 834 | 1,066 | 619 |
Glass and other mineral
manufactures | 1,443 | 1,183 | 1,527 | 1,256 | 1,455 | 1,483 |
Rubber manufactures | 504 | 511 | 620 | 630 | 697 | 675 |
Metal manufactures | 5,147 | 2,986 | 4,046 | 3,952 | 4,977 | 4,221 |
Nonelectrical machinery and parts | 25,842 | 21,172 | 33,061 | 34,992 | 34,720 | 32,299 |
Electrical machinery and parts | 11,080 | 11,422 | 16,372 | 18,085 |
15,848 | 25,561 |
Scientific and optical instruments | 2,991 | 3,256 | 4,598 | 4,088 | 4,356 | 4,779 |
Aircraft and ships | 3,222 | 2,171 | 1,427 | 3,176 | 3,493 | 1,642 |
Locomotives and rolling stock | 339 | 60 | 788 | 115 | 1,710 | 121 |
Total capital goods | 56,985 | 48,192 | 69,814 | 73,607 | 75,404 | 78,316 |
Other imports |
Vehicles and parts | 9,568 | 7,687 | 11,416 | 11,834 | 9,292 | 8,939 |
Petroleum Products | 65,100 | 60,765 | 57,065 | 57,353 | 56,719 | 32,354 |
Gold bullion | n.a. | 20 | 35 | 32 | 41 | 160 |
Miscellaneous | 8,746 | 8,987 | 9,497 | 10,024 | 9,975 | 12,790 |
Total other imports | 83,414 | 77,459 | 78,013 | 79,243 | 76,027 | 54,243 |
TOTAL | 216,746 | 196,616 | 236,609 | 245,155 | 251,169 | 241,358
|
n.a.--not available.
*For value of the baht--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand, Quarterly
Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 44-47.
(in millions of baht)*
Country | Trade | 1981 | 1982 | 1
983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 |
Brunei | Exports | 240 | 187 | 221 | 237 | 388 | 388 |
| Imports | 3,338 | 2,278 | 2,760 | 5,165 | 8,971 | 4,716 |
China | Exports | 4,064 | 7,053 | 2,468 | 4,295 | 7,367 | 7,252 |
| Imports | 6,983 | 5,374 | 6,099 | 7,449 | 6,073 | 6,917 |
Hong Kong | Exports | 7,350 | 7,934 | 7,281 | 6,646 | 7,807 | 9,306 |
| Imports | 1,942 | 2,059 | 2,704 | 3,050 | 2,931 | 3,659 |
Indonesia | Exports | 2,958 | 4,251 | 2,754 | 1,101 | 1,176 | 1,516 |
| Imports | 524 | 532 | 777 | 1,868 | 1,657 | 1,641 |
Iran | Exports | 4,602 | 2,287 | 2,373 | 2,937 | 1,769 | 1,061 |
| Imports | 263 | 127 | 1 | 1 | 999 | 282 |
Japan | Exports | 21,704 | 21,947 | 22,087 | 22,787 | 25,828 | 33,134 |
| Imports | 52,521 | 46,086 | 64,757 | 66,059 | 66,587 | 63,656 |
South Korea | Exports | 3,214 | 1,888 | 2,097 | 2,887 | 3,575 | 6,420 |
| Imports | 3,017 | 3,589 | 5,602 | 6,822 | 5,069 | 5,731 |
Malaysia | Exports | 6,968 | 8,342 | 6,561 | 8,278 | 9,646 | 10,025 |
| Imports | 5,891 | 10,214 | 12,738 | 11,921 | 14,825 | 10,118 |
Philippines | Exports | 445 | 806 | 1,554 | 542 | 1,451 | 760 |
| Imports | 435 | 444 | 356 | 470 | 1,616 | 1,841 |
Qatar | Exports | 32 | 45 | 52 | 82 | 109 | 187 |
| Imports | 7,075 | 4,219 | 2,907 | 273 | 153 | 1,534 |
Saudi Arabia | Exports | 3,118 | 4,261 | 4,245 | 4,599 | 4,382 | 5,398 |
| Imports | 29,395 | 29,819 | 24,431 | 20,865 | 7,121 | 2,522 |
Singapore | Exports | 11,991 | 11,654 | 11,913 | 14,722 | 15,350 | 20,689 |
| Imports | 14,949 | 12,455 | 14,623 | 19,373 | 18,746 | 15,845 |
Taiwan | Exports | 2,014 | 1,916 | 1,472 | 2,431 | 3,130 | 3,691 |
| Imports | 4,589 | 5,501 | 6,762 | 6,797 | 7,793 | 8,730 |
Belgium | Exports | 1,595 | 1,730 | 1,432 | 1,676 | 2,323 | 2,342 |
| Imports | 1,944 | 1,449 | 2,759 | 2,238 | 2,043 | 2,791 |
Britain | Exports | 2,464 | 3,042 | 2,990 | 3,918 | 4,703 | 7,443 |
| Imports | 5,851 | 5,023 | 5,390 | 5,739 | 6,335 | 7,767 |
France | Exports | 2,833 | 3,030 | 2,813 | 3,015 | 3,595 | 5,301 |
| Imports | 3,918 | 2,917 | 3,593 | 4,116 | 6,783 | 3,947 |
West Germany | Exports | 4,934 | 5,355 | 5,105 | 5,799 | 7,220 | 10,827 |
| Imports | 9,336 | 7,624 | 11,065 | 10,304 | 13,586 | 13,924 |
Italy | Exports | 2,147 | 2,577 | 2,072 | 3,082 | 3,248 | 3,847 |
| Imports | 2,488 | 2,107 | 3,195 | 2,848 | 2,929 | 2,584 |
Netherlands | Exports | 18,674 | 21,013 | 15,883 | 17,472 | 13,772 | 16,996 |
| Imports | 2,786 | 2,275 | 2,672 | 2,721 | 2,482 | 2,429 |
Soviet Union | Exports | 6,752 | 4,212 | 1,505 | 1,720 | 1,703 | 1,893 |
| Imports | 328 | 300 | 388 | 380 | 480 | 560 |
Switzerland | Exports | 2,044 | 1,745 | 1,662 | 1,923 | 1,941 | 2,526 |
| Imports | 1,971 | 1,837 | 2,534 | 2,560 | 3,577 | 4,033 |
Canada | Exports | 681 | 657 | 1,226 | 2,110 | 2,368 | 3,200 |
| Imports | 2,903 | 2,769 | 3,403 | 2,965 | 3,102 | 2,984 |
United States | Exports | 19,794 | 20,257 | 21,895 | 30,102 | 38,016 | 42,219 |
| Imports | 28,087 | 26,220 | 29,708 | 32,679 | 28,434 | 34,518 |
Algeria | Exports | 2,008 | 1,561 | 2,907 | 1,133 | 1,990 | 394 |
| Imports | --- | --- | 3 | 1 | --- | --- |
Australia | Exports | 1,749 | 1,715 | 2,148 | 2,866 | 3,370 | 4,180 |
| Imports | 4,223 | 4,339 | 4,279 | 4,621 | 4,155 | 4,241 |
Other | Exports | 18,626 | 20,263 | 19,756 | 28,877 | 27,139 | 32,388 |
| Imports | 21,989 | 17,059 | 23,103 | 23,870 | 34,722 | 34,388 |
TOTAL | Exports | 153,001 | 159,728 | 146,472 | 175,237 | 193,366 | 233,383 |
| Imports | 216,746 | 196,616 | 236,609 | 245,155 | 251,169 | 241,358
|
---means negligible.
*For value of the Baht--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 42-43.
(in millions of baht)*
| 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 |
1986 |
Exports | 157,203.4 | 145,076.1 | 173,520.0 | 191,703.0 | 231,481.4 |
Imports | -193,319.6 | -234,278.5 | -242,283.6 | -253,333.7 | -245,690.3 |
Nonmonetary gold | -20.5 | -34.7 | -32.2 | -
40.8 | -159.8 |
Balance of trade | -36,136.7 | -89,237.1 | -68,795.8 | -61,671.5 | -14,368.7 |
Net goods and services | -
27,341.7 | -72,662.3 | -
53,596.4 | -46,418.9 | 584.1 |
Unrequited transfers | 4,203.5 | 6,376.6 | 4,128.1 | 4,494.1 | 5,913.6 |
Balance on current account | -
23,138.2 | -66,285.7 | -
49,468.3 | -41,924.8 |
6,497.7 |
Capital movements | 15,207.0 | -31,604.9 | 8,896.4 | 9,508.1 | 17,851.3 |
Net errors and omissions | -
11,892.7 | 13,526.9 | 1,691.5 | 2,955.8 | 15,726.8 |
Overall balance | 3,314.3 | -18,078.0 | 10,587.9 | 12,463.9 | 33,578.1
|
*For value of the baht--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 68-69.
(in thousands of tons)
Crop | 1960 | 1970 | 1975 | 1981<
/th> | 1985 | 1986 |
Rice | 6,770.0 | 13,410.0 | 13,386.0 | 17,800.0 | 20,599.0 | 19,026.0 |
Rubber | 171.8 | 287.2 | 348.7 | 502.0 | 722.0 | 790.0 |
Maize | 543.9 | 1,938.2 | 2,863.2 | 4,000.0 | 5,030.0 | 4,092.0 |
Cassava | 1,222.0 | 3,431.0 | 8,100.0 | 17,744.0 | 19,263.0 | 15,255.0 |
Sugarcane | 5,382.0 | 6,585.9 | 19,910.0 | 30,260.0 | 24,000.0 | 24,410.0 |
Mung beans | 60.3 | 150.5 | 120.6 | 283.7 | 323.4 | 325.0 |
Ground nuts | 152.0 | 124.9 | 99.9 | 146.5 | 171.0 | 171.0 |
Soybeans | 25.6 | 50.4 | 113.9 | 131.5 | 307.8 | 350.0 |
Sesame | 18.6 | 20.2 | 17.4 | 28.5 | 25.4 | 32.6 |
Coconuts | 1,040.0 | 714.0 | 677.0 | 709.6 | 980.8 | 890.0 |
Castor beans | 43.0 | 42.7 | 38.5 | 36.0 | 32.9 | 28.5 |
Cotton | 45.5 | 26.8 | 28.7 | 175.7 | 101.5 | 57.0 |
Jute and kenaf | 187.5 | 384.9 | 307.6 | 208.0 | 266.0 | 240.0 |
Kapok and bambax fiber | n.a. | 103.0 | 106.4 | 39.2 | 43.5 | 41.6 |
Tobacco leaves (Virginia) | n.a. | 20.2 | 36.9 | 51.6 | 35.2 | 31.3
|
n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 75.
Production | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 |
1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 |
Forest production (in thousands
of cubic meters) |
Teak | 179.6 | 97.3 | 73.2 | 58.1 | 58.2 | 48.2 | 39.2 |
Yang wood* | 627.4 | 551.1 | 289.4 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Other woods | 2,293.7 | 1,895.8 | 1,435.9 | 1,646.9 | 1,761.5 | 1,983.6 | 1,786.1 |
Firewood | 825.2 | 635.7 | 643.0 | 857.2 | 772.5 | 816.5 | 690.6 |
Charcoal | 418.0 | 234.2 | 256.9 | 340.7 | 291.9 | 441.2 | 363.9 |
Commercial fish catch (in thousands
of tons) |
Marine fish | 1,813.2 | 1,648.0 | 1,824.4 | 1,986.6 | 2,100.0 | 1,973.0 | 2,057.8 |
Freshwater fish | 133.2 | 145.0 | 164.6 | 133.6 | 150.0 | 161.8 | 167.5
|
n.a.--not available.
*Yang wood recorded with other woods beginning in 1982.
Source: Based on information from Bank of Thailand,
Quarterly Bulletin, Bangkok, June 1987, 75.
Prime Minister | Term of Office |
Phraya Manopakonnitithada (Phraya Manopakorn; Kot
Hutasing) | August 28, 1932-June 20,
1933 |
Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (Phot Phahonyothin) | June 21, 1933-December 16, 1938 |
Luang Phibunsongkhram (Plaek Phibunsongkhram;
Phibun) | December 16, 1938-July 24,
1944 |
Khuang Aphaiwong | August 1, 1944-
August 17, 1945 |
Thawi Bunyaket | August 31, 1945-
September 17, 1945 |
M.R.W. Seni Pramoj | September 17,
1945-January 31, 1946 |
Khuang Aphaiwong | January 31, 1946-
March 18, 1946 |
Pridi Phanomyong | March 24, 1946-
August 21, 1946 |
Luang Thamrongnawasawat (Thawan
Thamrongnawasawat) | August 23, 1946-November
8, 1947 |
Khuang Aphaiwong | November 10, 1947-
April 8, 1948 |
Luang Phibunsongkhram | April 8, 1948-
September 16, 1957 |
Pote Sarasin | September 21, 1957-
December 26, 1957 |
Thanom Kittikachorn | January 1, 1958-
October 20, 1958 |
Sarit Thanarat | February 9, 1959-
December 8, 1963 |
Thanom Kittikachorn | December 9, 1963-
October 14, 1973 |
Sanya Dharmasakti (Sanya Thammasak) | October 14, 1973-February 15, 1975 |
M.R.W. Seni Pramoj | February 15, 1975-
March 6, 1975 |
M.R.W. Kukrit Pramoj | March 14, 1975-
January 12, 1976 |
M.R.W. Seni Pramoj | April 20, 1976-
October 6, 1976 |
Thanin Kraivichien | October 8, 1976-
October 20, 1977 |
Kriangsak Chomanand | November 11,
1977-February 28, 1980 |
Prem Tinsulanonda | March 3, 1980-
|
Participants | 1979 | 1983 | 1986 |
Political party |
Democrat (Prachathipat) | 32 | 56 | 100 |
Chart Thai (Thai Nation)1 | 38 | 731 | 63 |
Social Action (Kit Sangkhom) | 83 | 92 | 51 |
United Democracy (Saha Prachathipatai) | --- | --- | 38 |
Prachakorn Thai (Thai People) | 32 | 36 | 24 |
Ruam Thai (Thai Unity) | --- | --- | 19 |
Rassadorn (People) | --- | --- | 18 |
Community Action (Kit Prachakhorn) | --
- | --- | 15 |
Progressive (Koa Nar) | --- | 3 | 9 |
Muan Chon (Mass) | --- | --- | 3 |
National Democracy (Chart Prachathipatai) | --- | 15 | 3 |
Liberal (Seriniyom) | --- | --- | 1 |
Democratic Labor (Raeng Ngam Prachathipatai) | --- | 0 | 1 |
New Force (Phalang Mai) | 8 | 0 | 1 |
Puangchon Chao Thai (Thai Mass) | ---
| 0 | 1 |
Rak Thai (Love Thai) | --- | --- | 0 |
Freedom and Justice (Seritham) | 21 | --- | ---
|
Siam Democracy (Siam Prachathipatai) | --- | 18 | ---
|
Other parties | 24 | 7 | --- |
Independents2 | 63 | 24 | --- |
Total | 301 | 324 | 347 |
Number of participating political parties | 38 | 14 | 16 |
Number of candidates | 1,630 | 1,862 | 3,810 |
Voter turnout (in percentage) | 44 | 51 | 61
|
---means did not participate.
1After the 1983 election, this party increased its strength to
108 by absorbing most independents and members of minor
parties.
2Independents were required by a 1983 law to join existing
parties.
Fiscal Year1 | Defense Expenditures2 (in billions
of
baht)3 | Defense as Percentage of Total
Expenditures | Defense as Percentage of
GNP | Military Manpower4 | Paramilitary
Forces5 |
1980 | 22.4 | 20.1 | 4.0 | 230,000 | 67,000 |
1981 | 27.7 | 19.5 | 3.8 | 233,000 | 67,000 |
1982 | 33.1 | 30.4 | 4.2 | 235,000 | 71,000 |
1983 | 35.5 | 30.3 | 4.2 | 256,000 | 71,000 |
1984 | 39.4 | 30.6 | 4.2 | 256,000 | 73,000 |
1985 | 41.4 | 30.8 | 4.2 | 265,000 | 75,000 |
1986 | 41.2 | 30.8 | 4.3 | 273,000 | 80,000
|
1Fiscal year extends from October 1 through the following
September 30, e.g., fiscal year 1980 began October 1, 1979.
2Accounts do not include expenditures for internal security or
major military equipment purchases.
3For value of the baht--see Glossary.
4Gross national product.
4Includes Thahan Phran (Rangers), Village Defense Corps, Border
Patrol Police, Marine Police, Police Aviation, and Special Action
Forces.
Type and Description | Country of Origin | In
Inventory |
Tanks |
M-48A5 Patton (medium with
90mm gun) | United States | 65 |
M-41 Walker Bulldog (light)
with 76mm gun | -do- | 200 |
Scorpion (light) with 76mm
gun | Britain | 154 |
Type 59 | China | n.a. |
Armored personnel carriers
M-113A1 (amphibious) | United States | 300 |
LVTP-7 amphibious assault
vehicle | -do- | 40 |
V-150 Commando | -do- | 114 |
Shortland Mk3 reconnaissance
vehicle | Britain | 32 |
Saracen | -do- | 20 |
Howitzers and guns |
M-101A1 105mm, towed | United
States | 300 |
M114 155mm, towed | -do- | 56 |
M-198 155mm, towed | -do- | 62 |
155mm, towed | Israel | 24 |
85mm antitank gun | China | n.a. |
105mm Kittikhachorn multiple
rocket launcher | Thailand | n.a. |
Mortars |
81mm | United States | 550 |
60mm | -do- | 900 |
Recoilless rifles |
57mm | -do- | 360 |
75mm | -do- | 200 |
106mm | -do- | 150 |
Antiaircraft guns |
40mm | -do- | 40 |
20mm Vulcan | -do- | 48 |
Missiles |
BGM-71A TOW antitank missile | -do-
| 215 |
FGM-77A Dragon antitank missile | -do-
| 500 |
M-72 self-contained, disposable,
antitank missile launcher | -do- | n.a. |
Redeye | -do- | 40 |
Blowpipe surface-to-air missile | Britain | n.a. |
Aircraft |
Cessna O-1 utility liaison | -do- | 90 |
Bell UH-1B D helicopter |
-do- | 90 |
Boeing-Vertol CH-47 Chinook helicopter | United States | 4 |
Bell OH-13 Sioux helicopter | -do-
| 24 |
Fairchild FH-1100 helicopter | -do-
| 16 |
Bell 206 helicopter | -do- | 3 |
Bell 212 helicopter | -do- | 2 |
Bell 214B helicopter | -do- | 2 |
Fairchild OH-23F helicopter | -do-
| 6 |
Beech BE-99 light transport | -do-
| 1 |
Kawasaki KH-4 helicopter | -do- | 28 |
Short 330-UTT transport | Britain | n.a.
|
n.a.-- not available.
Source: Based on information from International Institute for
Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1986-1987,
London, 1986; and Far Eastern Economic Review Asia
Yearbook, Hong Kong, 1987.
Type and Description | Country of Origin | In
Inventory |
Frigates |
Yarrow class; 1,650 tons displacement; armed with two
4.5-inch deck guns, two 40mm Bofors antiaircraft guns, Sea
Catsurface-to-surface missiles, one antisubmarine Lombo mortar,
and two depth charge projectors; serves as flagship of Royal
Fleet | Britain | 1 |
PF-103 class, 900 tons displacement; armed with two 3-
inch deck guns, two 40mm antiaircraft guns, Hedgehog
antisubmarine launchers, and six torpedo tubes | United States | 2 |
Cannon class; 1,240 tons displacement; armed with three
3-inch deck guns, six 40mm antiaircraft guns, six torpedo tubes,
and eight depth-charge projectors; ex-USS Hemminger | -do- | 1 |
Tacoma class; 1,430 tons displacement; armed with three
3-inch deck guns, two 40mm and nine 20mm antiaircraft guns, eight
depth-charge projectors, and six torpedo tubes; ex-USS
Glendale and ex-USS Gallup | -do-
| 2 |
Tacoma MK-16 class; 1,430 tons displacement; armed with
76mm main guns, 40mm antiaircraft gun, Stingray torpedoes,
Harpoon and Albatross surface-to-air missiles | United States | 1 |
Fast attack craft (missile) |
Breda BMB 30 design; 235 tons displacement; armed with
four Exocet surface-to-surface missiles, one 76mm deck gun, and
one
40mm Bofors antiaircraft gun | Italy | 3 |
Sea Hawk class; 224 tons displacement; armed with five
Gabriel missile launchers, one 57mm Bofors and one 40mm Bofors
antiaircraft guns | Singapore | 3 |
Large patrol craft |
Trad class; 318 tons displacement; armed with two 3-inch
deck guns, one 40mm and two 20mm antiaircraft guns, and four
torpedo tubes | Italy | 4 |
Liulom class (former United States PC class); 280 tons
displacement; armed with one 3-inch deck gun and two torpedo
tubes | United States | 7 | Klongyai class; 110 tons
displacement; armed with one 3-inch deck
gun, one 20mm antiaircraft gun, and two torpedo tubes | Thailand | 1 |
PGM 71 class; 130 tons displacement; armed with one 40mm
and four 20mm antiaircraft guns and two .50 caliber machine guns;
former United States vessels | United
States | 10 |
Cape class (former United States Coast Guard cutters); 95
tons displacement; armed with one 20mm antiaircraft gun, depth
charges, and two Hedgehog antisubmarine launchers | -do- | 4 |
Coastal patrol craft |
Small craft; 87.5 tons displacement; armed with one 40mm
and one 20mm antiaircraft guns | Thailand | 6 |
Swift class; 20 tons displacement; armed with two 81mm
mortars and two .50 calibre machine guns; transferred from United
States Navy to Royal
Thai Navy | United States | 12 |
River patrol craft |
PBR type; 10.4 tons displacement; armed with two .50
caliber and two .30 caliber machine guns; former United States
vessels | -do- | 6 | Fiberglass trimaran | Thailand |
1 |
Mine warfare vessels |
Bangrachan-class coastal minelayer; 368 tons
displacement; armed with two 3-inch deck guns, two 20mm antiair
craft guns, and 142 mines | Italy | 2 |
Bluebird-class coastal minesweeper; 330 tons displace-
ment; armed with two 20mm anti aircraft guns | United States | 4 |
Riverine minesweeper; armed with 20mm deck guns, one
12.7mm machine gun, and two 40mm grenade launchers | Thailand | 10 |
Mine-warfare support ship | Japan | 1 |
Amphibious vessels |
Landing ship, tank (LST) | United
States | 5 |
Landing ship, medium (LSM) | -do-
| 3 |
Landing craft, medium mechanized (LCM) |
-do- | 26 |
Landing craft, utility (LCU) | -do-
| 6 |
Landing craft, vehicle and personnel | -do- | 8 |
Landing craft, assault (LCA) | Thailand | n.a. |
Aircraft |
Grumman S-2F Tracker for antisubmarine search and
attack | United States | 10 |
Grumman HU-16B Albatross | -do- | 2 |
Bell UH-N for antisubmarine search and attack | -do- | 8 |
Canadair CK-215 multipurpose amphibian for search and
rescue | Canada | 2 |
F-27 Maritime | Netherlands | 3 |
Nomad | Australia | 3 |
Missiles |
Short Seacat surface-to-air missile | Britain | 12 |
IAI Gabriel-2 surface-to-surface missile | Israel | 15 |
Aerospatiale MM-38 Exocet surface-to-surface
missile | France | 12
|
n.a.--not available.
Source: Based on information from International Institute for
Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 1986-1987, New
York, 1986; and Far Eastern Economic Review, Asia Yearbook
1987, Hong Kong, 1987.
Type and Description | Country of Origin | In
Inventory |
Fighter-bombers |
Northrop F-5A B Freedom Fighter |
United States |
13 |
Northrop F-5E Tiger II | -do- |
34 |
Northrop F-5F Tiger II two-seat fighter-trainer | -do- | 4 |
F-16A fighter | -do- | 8 |
F-16B two-seat fighter-trainer | -do-
| 4 |
Counterinsurgency aircraft |
North American-Rockwell T-28D | -do-
| 20 |
North American-Rockwell OV-10C Bronco | -do- | 24 |
Cessna A-37B | -do- | 14 |
Fairchild AU-23A Peacemaker | -do-
| 25 |
Armed reconnaissance aircraft |
Northrop RF-5A Freedom Fighter | -do-
| 4 |
Lockheed T-33A | -do- | 4 |
Lockheed RT-33A | -do- | 3 |
Transports and utility aircraft |
McDonnell Douglas C-47 Dakota | -do-
| 15 |
Fairchild C-123B K Provider |
-do- | 30 |
McDonnell Douglas AC-47 Dakota | -do-
| 10 |
Cessna O-1 | -do- | 35 |
Swearingen Merlin IVA turboprop | -do-
| 3 |
Lockheed C-130H Hercules | -do- | 4 |
Hawker-Siddeley HS-748 | Britain | 2 | |
Britten-Norman Islander | -do- | 1 |
Fairchild Pilatus Turbo-Porter | Britain and Switzerland | 10 |
Lipnur CASA C-212 Aviocar |
Indonesia and Spain | 4 |
McDonnell Douglas DC-8 | United
States | 3 |
Boeing 737 | -do- | 1 |
Helicopters |
Bell UH-1H Iroquois | -do- |
30 |
CH-34 | -do- | 16 |
Trainers |
de Havilland DHC-1 Chipmunk | Britain | 4 |
Cessna T-37B primary jet trainer | Un-
ited States | 20 |
Cessna T-41D Mescalero light utility | -do- | 11 |
SIAI-Marchetti SF-260MT single piston engine | Italy | 15 |
AESL CT-4 | New Zealand | 15 |
Missiles |
NWC AIM-9J Sidewinder air-to-air missile | United States | 96
|
Source: Based on information from International Institute for Strategic Studies,
The Military Balance 1986-1987, London, 1986; and Far Eastern Economic
Review, Asia Yearbook, 1987, Hong Kong, 1987.
|